EN 16247-4:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16247-4:2014
Energetske presoje - 4. del: Promet
Energy audits - Part 4: Transport
Energieaudits - Teil 4: Transport
Audits énergétiques - Partie 4: Transport
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16247-4:2022
ICS:
03.100.70 Sistemi vodenja Management systems
03.220.01 Transport na splošno Transport in general
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16247-4

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2022
ICS 03.120.10; 27.015; 55.020
Supersedes EN 16247-4:2014
English version
Energy audits - Part 4: Transport
Audits énergétiques - Partie 4 : Transport Energieaudits - Teil 4: Transport
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 July 2022.

CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
Ref. No. EN 16247-4:2022 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Quality requirements . 7
4.1 Qualifications . 7
4.2 Energy audit process . 7
4.2.1 General . 7
4.2.2 Operations department cooperation . 7
4.2.3 Personnel . 7
5 Elements of the energy audit process . 8
5.1 Preliminary contact . 8
5.2 Start-up meeting . 8
5.3 Collecting data . 9
5.4 Field work . 10
5.5 Analysis . 10
5.5.1 General . 10
5.5.2 Energy performance indicators . 11
5.5.3 Transport mode and energy sources . 11
5.6 Report . 11
5.6.1 General . 11
5.6.2 Content of report . 12
5.7 Final meeting . 12
Annex A (normative) Transport sectors . 13
A.1 General . 13
A.2 Road . 13
A.3 Rail . 14
A.4 Aviation . 14
A.5 Marine . 15
Annex B (informative) Sources of information. 16
Annex C (informative) Example of report plan . 19
C.1 Sample plan 1 . 19
C.2 Sample plan 2 . 20
C.3 Sample plan 3 . 21
Bibliography . 24

European foreword
This document (EN 16247-4:2022) has been prepared by the Joint Technical Committee CEN-
CENELEC/JTC 14 “Energy management and energy efficiency in the framework of energy transition”,
the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN-CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16247-4:2014.
Significant changes compared to the previous edition are:
a) terms and definition updated;
b) structure aligned with EN 16247-1.
This document is part of series EN 16247 “Energy audits”, which comprises the following:
— Part 1: General requirements;
— Part 2: Buildings;
— Part 3: Processes;
— Part 4: Transport;
— Part 5: Competence of energy auditors.
This Part provides additional material to Part 1 for the Transport sector and is intended to be used in
conjunction with Part 1.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN and CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN and CENELEC
websites.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
An energy audit can help an organization to identify opportunities to improve energy performance. It
can be part of a site wide energy management system.
This document is intended for the energy auditing of mobile assets e.g. vehicles, railways, marine
vessels, aircraft, as well as mobile plant.
Due to the mobility of the assets in transport, energy auditing in this area is especially challenging. For
example, the meetings are harder to organize, the activities involved are harder to inspect.
The first part of this document harmonizes the procedures for energy auditing in transport systems. On
the other hand, there are certain aspects which are particular to every transport mode. For example,
whereas the mobile assets in road transport are numerous, similar and replaced frequently, the assets
for marine and air transport are large and long-lived.
In order to state the energy auditing features of every transport mode, there is a specific section for
each of them at the end of this document.
Finally, the possibility of planning and selecting the mode of transport (and, sometimes, using different
modes for a unique transport service) is also a specific aspect of the transport activity. Therefore, this
standard will place special attention to this topic.
NOTE An energy audit is not a fiscal method, the term and the nature of an energy audit are defined in
EN 16247-1 Energy Audits.
1 Scope
This document is used in conjunction with and is supplementary to EN 16247-1, Energy audits —
Part 1: General requirements. It provides additional requirements to EN 16247-1 and is applied
simultaneously.
The procedures described here apply to the different modes of transport (road, rail, marine and
aviation), as well as the different ranges (local- to long-distance) and what is transported (i.e. goods and
people).
This document specifies the requirements, methodology and deliverables specific to energy audits in
the transport sector, every situation in which a displacement is made, no matter who the operator is (a
public or private company or whether the operator is exclusively dedicated to transport or not), is also
addressed in this document.
This document advises on both the optimization of energy within each mode of transport, as well as
selecting the best mode of transport in each situation; the conclusions drawn by the energy audit can
influence decisions on infrastructure and investment e.g. in teleconferencing or web meetings.
Energy audits of buildings and processes associated with transport can be conducted respectively with
the EN 16247-2 Buildings and EN 16247-3 Processes, e.g. pipelines, depots and escalators/travelators.
This part of the standard does not include the infrastructure which supplies energy e.g. the electricity
generation of energy for railways.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16247-1:2022, Energy audits — Part 1: General requirements
EN 50591:2019, Railway Applications — Rolling Stock — Specification and verification of energy
consumption
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16247-1:2022 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
transport
activity that implies the movement of people, livestock or goods from one place to another
3.2
vehicle
object used to perform the transport, may include the container, trailer or carriage where energy is
consumed
Note 1 to entry: This document will use this term, instead of the more general one (audited object), from part 1
of this standard.
3.3
energy
includes fuels, inclusive of biofuels, electricity inclusive of regenerated/recovered energy from braking,
etc.
®1
Note 1 to entry: Excludes feedstock energy sources such as Aqueous Urea Solution (for example AdBlue
ISO 22241-1).
3.4
fleet
group of vehicles
3.5
train set
consist
railway terminology used to describe a “train” which varies between countries, very often a single
scheduled service
Note 1 to entry: In the UK, the interchangeable terms “set” and “unit” are used to refer to a group of
permanently or semi-permanently coupled vehicles, such as those of a diesel multiple unit. The United Kingdom
Section 83(1) of the Railways Act 1993 defines “train” as follows:
a)  two or more items of rolling stock coupled together, at least one of which is a locomotive;
b)  a locomotive not coupled to any other rolling stock.
Note 2 to entry: In the United States, the term “consist” is used to describe the group of rail vehicles which make
up a train.
3.6
operator
person that governs the vehicle operation with his/her own hands, e.g. driver, pilot, helmsman, etc. (not
the organization being audited)
3.7
organization
owner or operator of the fleet of vehicles subject to the audit
3.8
transport service
service provided to a beneficiary for the transport of goods, livestock or of a person from a departure
point to a destination point
1 ®
AdBlue is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN or CENELEC of this
product.
3.9
segment
group of vehicles performing the same type of transport; i.e. subset of a fleet having a certain common
feature
Note 1 to entry: The criteria for segment definition depend on the kind of transport the audited organization
performs and the kind of vehicles used. An example might be differentiating the vehicles performing local
distribution as opposed to long distance shipment in two different segments.
3.10
load factor
ratio of the average load or passenger number to total vehicle capacity in tonnes, volume or
seats/standing
4 Quality requirements
4.1 Qualifications
With reference to EN 16247-5 the energy auditor shall have relevant knowledge of the different modes
of transport and energy sources used in transport by the organization subject to the audit.
4.2 Energy audit process
4.2.1 General
Due to the complexity, mobility and time critical nature of transport operations, the site visit needs to
be done within restrictions for both auditor and operator to allow both parties to complete their duties,
thus this clause states distinct requirements to those specified in EN 16247-1:2022, 4.2.
4.2.2 Operations department cooperation
Transport operations are a complex, time-critical process and being able to audit it without affecting its
final result is imperative.
The organization shall provide the auditor with appropriate access to relevant personnel, records,
documentation or equipment.
The auditor shall agree with the operations department on the needs of both parties to complete their
duties in a proper manner. Failing to do so upfront will put extra difficulties into the auditing process.
When a sampling method is used, the selected sample of vehicle(s) shall be representative of the fleet or
that part of the fleet.
4.2.3 Personnel
In order to perform the audit in a proper manner, the auditor shall have direct access to people within
the organization in charge of the following areas:
a) planning. Personnel responsible for logistics and route management;
b) operations. This department is in charge of organizing the transport operations and specifically of
assigning them to operators and vehicles;
c) maintenance. These are the people responsible for assuring the availability and good performance
of the vehicles, or granting access to service records if maintenance is outsourced;
d) technical and procurement. Those people responsible for vehicle specifications and acquisition,
including sub-contractors and suppliers;
e) human resources. It is important for the auditor to understand the views of the staff and operators
as they are critical to the energy consumption reduction process. Moreover, direct contact with
operators is advisable;
f) operator training department and/or training personnel;
g) operators. They are one of the keys to eliminating energy wastage and encouraging ecodriving;
h) finance. They usually process financial data associated with energy purchases, particularly
important where energy prices vary week by week.
5 Elements of the energy audit process
5.1 Preliminary contact
Due to the dispersed nature of transport, a focus on communication is of paramount importance. The
auditor shall issue a summary of the purpose and main needs of the audit and communicate this to the
people with responsibility for the organization’s transportation. Where possible, these personnel shall
be present at the start-up meeting.
As the audit progresses, the organization shall be informed of the results, deviations and any
outstanding issues. Likewise, the auditor shall communicate with the organization on issues affecting
the conduct of the audit.
The auditor shall require the organization to inform them of any significant changes that would impact
on the energy audit.
5.2 Start-up meeting
Within the restrictions of normal transport operations and where practicable, the organization shall
enable the relevant personnel (see 4.2.3) to attend the start-up meeting.
The objective is to define the following points:
— scope of work: number of sites included, typology of transport;
— the roles of each, the methodology, the preparation for the field work;
— designation of the person responsible of the energy audit within the organization;
— the mode of travel planning if it is organized;
— fleet renewal procedures and subscribed maintenance contracts;
— training offered to staff;
— the expectations of the audited body.
The auditor selects the types of vehicles to be checked on the site, according to the objective, the scope
of the audit and the level of thoroughness of the energy audit.
5.3 Collecting data
The auditor shall gather the following information: the energy consumption for every vehicle during the
last year, with intervals that allow for a useful trend analysis (for seasonal analysis or any other
significant factor):
a) criteria used for planning transport operations assignments;
b) description of the routes taken and planning policy;
c) fleet composition: list of all available vehicles along with their age and main technical features
(e.g. vehicle category, fuel type, engine size, emissions rating, ancillaries);
d) operator training conducted for energy consumption reduction (e.g. ecodriving), including
documented records of any resultant reductions;
e) methods of refuelling, where appropriate;
f) evidence of the fuel or electricity consumption metering and relevant training given to operators;
g) energy source pricing documents including historical data over an appropriate period;
h) distance travelled for each vehicle or number of hours of operation during the last year;
i) data regarding goods and passengers to enable the calculation of load factor for the last year;
j) data to enable the calculation of percentage of productive distance and time from operators and
vehicles;
k) if part of transport is outsourced, the auditor shall make sure the activities are identified and raise
questions about whether details on energy figures were requested and made available from the
sub-contractor;
l) where applicable, criteria for supplier
...