EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008
(Main)Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer method
Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer method
This standard describes a method for the measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system installed on a machine. This method is based on a tracer technique and may be operated in all types of test environment (bench, room and field, see ENV 1093-1). This technique is applicable only if the tracer shows aerodynamic behaviour comparable with the real pollutant (see 7.1.1). The measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system can serve for: a) the evaluation of the performance of an exhaust system of a machine; b) the evaluation of the improvement of an exhaust system; c) the comparison of exhaust systems for machines of similar design; d) the ranking of exhaust systems according to their capture efficiency; e) the determination of the air flow of an exhaust to achieve a given level of capture efficiency; f) the determination of the state of the art of exhaust systems for machines with respect to the capture efficiency.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung der Emission von luftgetragenen Gefahrstoffen - Teil 4: Erfassungsgrad eines Absaugsystems - Tracerverfahren
Diese Norm beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Messung des Erfassungsgrades eines an eine Maschine installierten Absaugsystems. Dieses Verfahren beruht auf der Tracertechnik und kann in allen Prüfumgebungen (Prüfstand, Raum, Feld, siehe ENV 1093-1) angewendet werden. Diese Technik ist nur anwendbar, wenn die Tracersubstanz ein aerodynamisches Verhalten aufweist, das dem eines realen luftverunreinigenden Stoffes vergleichbar ist (siehe 7.1.1).
Sécurité des machines -Evaluation de l'émission de substances dangereuses véhiculées par l'air - Partie 4 : Efficacité de captage d'un système d'aspiration - Méthode par traçage
Cette norme européenne décrit une méthode de mesurage de l’efficacité de captage d’un système d’aspiration
installé sur une machine. Cette méthode repose sur la technique de mesurage par traçage et peut être utilisée
dans tous les types d’environnements d’essai (banc d’essai, salle d’essai et in situ, voir ENV 1093-1).
Cette technique n’est applicable que si le traceur présente un comportement aérodynamique comparable à celui
du polluant réel (voir 7.1.1).
Le mesurage de l’efficacité de captage d’un système d’aspiration peut être utile pour :
a) l’évaluation de l’efficacité d’un système d’aspiration équipant une machine ;
b) l’évaluation des améliorations apportées à ce système d’aspiration ;
c) la comparaison des systèmes d’aspiration équipant des machines de conception similaire ;
d) le classement des systèmes d’aspiration en fonction de leur efficacité de captage ;
e) la détermination du débit d’air d'un système d’aspiration pour assurer un niveau donné d'efficacité de captage ;
f) la détermination de l’état actuel de la technique des systèmes d’aspiration équipant les machines pour ce qui
concerne l’efficacité de captage.
Varnost strojev - Vrednotenje emisije nevarnih snovi, ki jih prenaša zrak - 4. del: Učinkovitost zajemanja odsesovalnega sistema - Metoda sledenja
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 17-Jun-2008
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 114 - Safety of machinery
- Current Stage
- 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 02-Sep-2025
- Completion Date
- 02-Sep-2025
- Directive
- 98/37/EC - Machinery
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
Overview
EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 - published by CEN - specifies a tracer-method for measuring the capture efficiency of an exhaust system fitted to machinery for the control of airborne hazardous substances. The method can be applied in bench, room and field test environments (see ENV 1093-1) and is valid only when the chosen tracer shows aerodynamic behaviour comparable to the real pollutant. The standard supports assessment of exhaust performance, optimisation, comparison and ranking of exhaust systems and the determination of required airflows to meet a target capture efficiency.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Principle: Emit a tracer simulating the pollutant, measure tracer flow emitted (qE) and tracer flow collected by the exhaust (qc) to calculate capture efficiency (η = 100 × qc / qE).
- Concentration measurements: Key measured values are background (C1 / C'1), duct concentration when dosing into the duct (C2), and duct concentration when dosing at the source (C3). Simplified expressions apply when exhaust flow Q is constant.
- Tracer selection: Choose a tracer with low toxicity, chemical stability, low background and aerodynamic similarity to the pollutant. Gaseous tracers (e.g., helium, SF6, N2O) are commonly used; fine aerosols may be simulated by tracer gas up to particle sizes where differences remain within measurement uncertainty (noted up to ≈10 µm).
- Test procedure: At least three tests; follow sampling and mixing guidance (ISO 4053-1 for straight ducts). Adjust measuring-system time constant to 10 s and set sampling interval ≥ the time constant.
- Data treatment and uncertainty: Average C3 over the first time-constant (direct collection) and use statistical analysis. A minimum capture efficiency uses C3(95%) (assuming Gaussian: C3(95%) = C3 − 1.64·σ(C3)). Report results with measurement uncertainty (Annex A).
- Control parameters: Emitter shape/position, emission velocity/flow, duration (limited to avoid ambient buildup) and environmental factors that influence capture.
Applications and Users
Who uses EN 1093-4:
- Machine designers and OEMs validating local exhausts
- Industrial hygienists and safety engineers assessing worker exposure controls
- Ventilation and filtration system engineers tuning exhaust airflow
- Test laboratories, certification bodies and compliance officers comparing or ranking capture performance Practical uses include system performance evaluation, improvement verification, design sizing (airflow for target capture), and establishing state-of-the-art performance benchmarks.
Related Standards
- ENV 1093-1 (selection of test methods / environments)
- ISO 4053-1 (tracer methods for gas flow measurement)
- EN 292-1 / EN 292-2 (safety of machinery - basic concepts)
- Annex ZA / ZB relate EN 1093-4 to EU machinery Directives (98/37/EC and 2006/42/EC)
Keywords: EN 1093-4, capture efficiency, tracer method, exhaust system, safety of machinery, airborne hazardous substances, emission measurement, industrial ventilation.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer method". This standard covers: This standard describes a method for the measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system installed on a machine. This method is based on a tracer technique and may be operated in all types of test environment (bench, room and field, see ENV 1093-1). This technique is applicable only if the tracer shows aerodynamic behaviour comparable with the real pollutant (see 7.1.1). The measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system can serve for: a) the evaluation of the performance of an exhaust system of a machine; b) the evaluation of the improvement of an exhaust system; c) the comparison of exhaust systems for machines of similar design; d) the ranking of exhaust systems according to their capture efficiency; e) the determination of the air flow of an exhaust to achieve a given level of capture efficiency; f) the determination of the state of the art of exhaust systems for machines with respect to the capture efficiency.
This standard describes a method for the measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system installed on a machine. This method is based on a tracer technique and may be operated in all types of test environment (bench, room and field, see ENV 1093-1). This technique is applicable only if the tracer shows aerodynamic behaviour comparable with the real pollutant (see 7.1.1). The measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system can serve for: a) the evaluation of the performance of an exhaust system of a machine; b) the evaluation of the improvement of an exhaust system; c) the comparison of exhaust systems for machines of similar design; d) the ranking of exhaust systems according to their capture efficiency; e) the determination of the air flow of an exhaust to achieve a given level of capture efficiency; f) the determination of the state of the art of exhaust systems for machines with respect to the capture efficiency.
EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1093-4:1996. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC, 98/37/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/079, M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung der Emission von luftgetragenen Gefahrstoffen - Teil 4: Erfassungsgrad eines Absaugsystems - TracerverfahrenSécurité des machines -Evaluation de l'émission de substances dangereuses véhiculées par l'air - Partie 4 : Efficacité de captage d'un système d'aspiration - Méthode par traçageSafety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer method13.110Varnost strojevSafety of machinery13.040.40Stationary source emissionsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008SIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008en,fr,de01-oktober-2008SIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1093-4:1996+A1
June 2008 ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes EN 1093-4:1996 English Version
Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer method
Sécurité des machines -Evaluation de l'émission de substances dangereuses véhiculées par l'air - Partie 4 : Efficacité de captage d'un système d'aspiration - Méthode par traçage
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung der Emission von luftgetragenen Gefahrstoffen - Teil 4: Erfassungsgrad eines Absaugsystems - Tracerverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 February 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 May 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008: ESIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.5 5 Simplified expression of the capture efficiency.5 6 Test method.6 6.1 General procedure.6 6.2 Measurement of the concentration (C3).8 6.3 Application to a specific group of machines.9 7 Control parameters and influencing factors.9 7.1 Control parameters.9 7.2 Influencing factors on capture efficiency.11 8 Test report.11 Annex A (informative)
Simplified calculation of the random component of the uncertainty on C3 (95 %).13 Annex ZA (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"""".14 Annex ZB (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"""".15
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of Machinery”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-05-14. This document supersedes EN 1093-4:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document." According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 4
1 Scope This standard describes a method for the measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system installed on a machine. This method is based on a tracer technique and may be operated in all types of test environment (bench, room and field, see ENV 1093-1). This technique is applicable only if the tracer shows aerodynamic behaviour comparable with the real pollutant (see 7.1.1). The measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system can serve for: a) The evaluation of the performance of an exhaust system of a machine; b) The evaluation of the improvement of an exhaust system c) The comparison of exhaust systems for machines of similar design; d) The ranking of exhaust systems according to their capture efficiency; e) The determination of the air flow rate of an exhaust system to achieve a given level of capture efficiency; f) The determination of the state of the art of exhaust systems for machines with respect to the capture efficiency, 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts - General principles for design – Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts - General principles for design – Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. ENV 1093-1, Safety of machinery – Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances – Part 1: Selection of test methods. ISO 4053-1, Measurement of gas flow in conduits – Tracer methods – Part 1: General. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 capture efficiency of an exhaust system c the ratio of the mass-flowrate of a specified pollutant directly collected by the exhaust system to the uncontrolled mass-flowrate of this pollutant emitted from the machine SIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 5 3.2 tracer technique the use of substances with an aerodynamic behaviour comparable to the hazardous substance under consideration and which can be reliably measured 4 Principle The principle of the measurement method consists of: a) Emitting a tracer simulating the aerodynamic behaviour of the real pollutant, with the tracer flow rate (qE); b) Measuring the flow rate (qc) of the tracer collected by the exhaust system. 5 Simplified expression of the capture efficiency The capture efficiency expressed as a percentage is: cη= 100×Ecqq (1) The tracer flow rate (qE) is determined by emitting the tracer at constant flow rate directly into the exhaust duct and by measuring the average tracer concentration in a cross section of the duct then: Eq = )(12CCQ− (2) where: Q is the average air flow rate in the duct during the measurement period of (qE); C1 is the average ambient concentration of the tracer before the measurements (background level); C2 is the average concentration of the tracer in the duct (emission of tracer in the duct). The tracer flow rate (qc) is determined by emitting the tracer at constant flow rate (qE) at a characteristic point or zone of the emission of the real pollutant (e.g. at the furthest locations in the emission zone from the exhaust system) and by measuring the average concentration of tracer in the same points of the duct: )'('13CCQqc−= (3) where: Q' is the average air flow rate in the duct during the measurement period of (qc); C'1 is the average ambient concentration of the tracer after the background level is stabilised; C3 is the average concentration of the tracer in the duct (emission at a selected location). The capture efficiency is expressed as a percentage as follows: 100)()'('1001213×−−=×=CCQCCQqqEccη (4) SIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 6 If the exhaust flow rate can be considered as being constant, then Q = Q', and the expression can be simplified:
100'1213×−−=CCCCcη (5) The capture efficiency is then determined by measuring only concentrations in the exhaust duct. 6 Test method 6.1 General procedure The measurement procedure is illustrated by figures 1 and figure 2 shows a typical test record. To measure the concentration by sampling the air in the duct, it is assumed that the tracer is well mixed with the air. In the case of straight ducts the procedures described in ISO 4053-1 shall be used. NOTE Devices can be added to the duct to reduce the mixing length At least three tests shall be performed. SIST EN 1093-4:1998+A1:2008
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 7
Phases 1 and 4: Measurement without tracer emission
Phase 2: Measurement with tracer emission in the duct
Phase 3: Measurement with tracer emission simulating the real pollutant 1 sampling 2 pump 3 analyser 4 injection 5 tracer gas flow meter 6 tracer gas cylinder (pure or
diluted tracer gas) 7 ambient concentration C1 or C'1 8
concentration C2 9
concentration C3 Figure 1 — Measurement procedure for a simple exhaust system using a tracer gas
EN 1093-4:1996 (E) 8
a) tracer concentration b) time in seconds Figure 2 — Typical test recording
6.2 Measurement of the concentration (C3) Considering an emitter whose flow rate changes suddenly from 0 to (qE), the concentration (C3) rises progressively as a function of t
...
記事のタイトル：EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 - 機械の安全性 - 大気中の有害物質の排出評価 - 第4部：排気システムの捕集効率 - トレーサー法 記事の内容：この規格は、機械に取り付けられた排気システムの捕集効率を測定する方法について説明しています。この方法はトレーサー技術に基づいており、ベンチ、室内、野外など、あらゆる種類のテスト環境で使用することができます（ENV 1093-1参照）。トレーサーは、実際の汚染物質と同様の空気力学的挙動を示す必要があります（7.1.1参照）。排気システムの捕集効率の測定は、次の目的に役立ちます：a）機械の排気システムの性能評価、b）排気システムの改善評価、c）同様の設計の機械の排気システムの比較、d）捕集効率に基づいた排気システムのランキング、e）特定の捕集効率レベルを達成するための排気の空気流量の決定、f）捕集効率に関する機械用排気システムの最新技術状況の把握。
The article discusses the EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 standard, which focuses on evaluating the emission of hazardous substances from machinery and measuring the capture efficiency of an exhaust system on a machine. The method described in the standard uses a tracer technique and can be applied in various test environments. The tracer used must exhibit aerodynamic behavior similar to the actual pollutant. The measurement of capture efficiency serves several purposes, including evaluating the performance and improvement of exhaust systems, comparing systems of similar design, ranking systems based on efficiency, determining the necessary airflow for a specific efficiency level, and assessing the current state of exhaust systems for machinery.
기사 제목: EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008 - 기계의 안전 - 공기 중 유해 물질의 배출 평가 - 제 4부: 배출 시스템의 포집 효율성 - 추적물질법 기사 내용: 이 표준은 기계에 설치된 배출 시스템의 포집 효율성을 측정하는 방법을 설명한다. 이 방법은 추적장치 기술을 기반으로 하며, 벤치, 방 또는 현장과 같은 모든 종류의 테스트 환경에서 사용할 수 있다(ENV 1093-1 참조). 이 기법은 추적물질이 실제 오염물질과 비슷한 공기역학적 특성을 보일 때에만 적용 가능하다(7.1.1 참조). 배출 시스템의 포집 효율성을 측정하는 것은 다음과 같은 목적에 서비스 할 수 있다: a) 기계의 배출 시스템 성능 평가; b) 배출 시스템의 개선 평가; c) 비슷한 설계의 기계에 대한 배출 시스템 비교; d) 포집 효율성에 따른 배출 시스템 순위 매기기; e) 특정 포집 효율성 수준을 달성하기 위한 배출의 공기 흐름 결정; f) 포집 효율성 관점에서 기계용 배출 시스템의 최신 기술 상태 결정.
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