EN ISO 12696:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 12696:2012
.DWRGQD]DãþLWDMHNODYEHWRQX,62
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2016)
Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Stahl in Beton (ISO 12696:2016)
Protection cathodique de l'acier dans le béton (ISO 12696:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12696:2016
ICS:
77.060 Korozija kovin Corrosion of metals
77.140.15 Jekla za armiranje betona Steels for reinforcement of
concrete
91.080.40 Betonske konstrukcije Concrete structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 12696
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.140.15; 77.060 Supersedes EN ISO 12696:2012
English Version
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2016)
Protection cathodique de l'acier dans le béton (ISO Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Stahl in Beton (ISO
12696:2016) 12696:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 November 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12696:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12696:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156
"Corrosion of metals and alloys" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 219 “Cathodic
protection” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12696:2012.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12696:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12696:2016 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12696
Second edition
2016-12-01
Cathodic protection of steel in
concrete
Protection cathodique de l’acier dans le béton
Reference number
ISO 12696:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 12696:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12696:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General . 2
4.1 Quality management systems . 2
4.2 Personnel . 3
4.3 Design . 3
5 Structure assessment and repair . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Records . 4
5.3 Visual inspection and delamination survey . 4
5.4 Chloride analysis . 4
5.5 Carbonation depth measurement . 4
5.6 Concrete cover and reinforcement location. 4
5.7 Reinforcement electrical continuity . 4
5.8 Steel/concrete potential . 5
5.9 Concrete electrical resistivity . 5
5.10 Repair . 5
5.10.1 General. 5
5.10.2 Concrete removal. 5
5.10.3 Reinforcement preparation . 6
5.10.4 Concrete reinstatement . 6
5.11 Cementitious overlay . 6
5.12 New structures . 7
6 Cathodic protection system components . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Anode systems . . 8
6.2.1 Conductive coating anode systems . 8
6.2.2 Activated titanium anode systems . 9
6.2.3 Titania ceramic anodes .11
6.2.4 Conductive cementitious anodes .11
6.2.5 Embedded galvanic anodes .11
6.2.6 Surface-mounted galvanic anodes .11
6.2.7 Buried and immersed anodes.11
6.3 Monitoring sensors .13
6.3.1 General.13
6.3.2 Portable reference electrodes .14
6.3.3 Other sensors .14
6.4 Monitoring instrumentation .15
6.4.1 General.15
6.4.2 Digital meters .15
6.4.3 Data loggers .15
6.5 Data management system .16
6.6 Direct current cables .17
6.7 Junction boxes .18
6.8 Power supplies .18
6.9 Transformer-rectifiers . .18
7 Installation procedures .20
7.1 Electrical continuity .20
7.2 Performance monitoring system .20
ISO 12696:2016(E)
7.3 Connections to steel in concrete .21
7.4 Concrete repairs associated with the cathodic protection components .21
7.5 Surface preparation for anode installation.21
7.6 Anode installation .22
7.7 Connections to the anode system .22
7.8 Anode overlay, surface sealant or decorative coating application .22
7.9 Electrical installation .23
7.10 Testing during installation .23
8 Commissioning .24
8.1 Visual inspection .24
8.2 Pre-energizing measurements .24
8.3 Initial energizing of impressed current systems .25
8.4 Initial adjustment of impressed current systems .25
8.5 Initial performance assessment .25
8.6 Criteria of protection: Interpretation of performance assessment data .26
8.7 Adjustment of protection current for impressed current systems .28
9 System records and documentation .28
9.1 Quality and test records .28
9.2 Installation and commissioning report .28
9.3 Operation and maintenance manual .29
10 Operation and maintenance .29
10.1 Intervals and procedures .29
10.2 System review .30
10.3 System review report .30
Annex A (informative) Principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete .31
Annex B (informative) Design process .37
Annex C (informative) Notes on anode systems .41
Bibliography .46
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12696:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 156, Corrosion of metals and alloys.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12696:2012), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with the following changes:
— figures for MnO , NaOH (0,5 M) in Table A.1 have been updated;
— general editorial corrections throughout the document.
ISO 12696:2016(E)
Introduction
This document applies to cathodic protection of steel in concrete, with the concrete atmospherically
exposed, buried or immersed.
Because the criteria of protection for steel in buried or immersed concrete are those applicable to
cathodic protection of steel in atmospherically exposed concrete, this revision of EN 12696:2000
incorporates cathodic protection of steel in buried and immersed concrete. The provision of cathodic
protection current can often be more economically provided to steel in buried and immersed concrete
by using buried or immersed anode systems detailed in International Standards for buried and
immersed steel structures, rather than the anode systems that are suitable for applications to steel
in atmospherically exposed concrete. Therefore, reference is made to other International Standards in
this respect while the cathodic protection performance criteria for steel in concrete are defined in this
document for all exposures.
There are other electrochemical treatments intended to provide corrosion control for steel in concrete.
These techniques include re-alkalization and chloride extraction and are not incorporated into this
document. CEN/TS 14038-1:2004 and CEN/TS 14038-2:2011 have been published.
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete is a technique that has been demonstrated to be successful in
appropriate applications in providing cost effective long-term corrosion control for steel in concrete.
It is a technique that requires specific design calculations and definition of installation procedures in
order to be successfully implemented. This document does not represent a design code for cathodic
protection of steel in concrete, but represents a performance standard for which it is anticipated, in
order to comply with this document, a detailed design and specification for materials, installation,
commissioning and operation will be prepared.
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12696:2016(E)
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete
1 Scope
This document specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in cement-based
concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers building and civil engineering structures,
including normal reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is
applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic-coated steel reinforcement.
This document applies to steel embedded in atmospherically exposed, buried, immersed and tidal
elements of buildings or structures.
NOTE 1 Annex A gives guidance on the principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete.
NOTE 2 This document, while not specifically intended to address cathodic protection of steel in any
electrolyte except concrete, can be applied to cathodic protection of steel in other cementitious materials such as
are found, for example, in early 20th century steel-framed masonry, brick and terracotta clad buildings. In such
applications, additional considerations specific to these structures are required in respect of design, materials
and installation of cathodic protection; however, the requirements of this document can be applied to these
systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1504 (all parts), Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures —
Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity
EN 14629, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete
EN 14630, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein method
IEC 60502-1, Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kV
(Um = 1,2 kV) to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV) — Part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1 kV (Um = 1,2 kV) and 3 kV
(Um = 3,6 kV)
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61140, Protection against electric shock — Common aspects for installation and equipment
IEC 61558-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 1: General
requirements and tests
IEC 61558-2-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 2-1:
Particular requirements and tests for separating transformers and power supplies incorporating separating
transformers for general applications
IEC 61558-2-2, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 2-2:
Particular requirements and tests for control transformers and power supplies incorporating control
transformers
ISO 12696:2016(E)
IEC 61558-2-4, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages
up to 1 100 V — Part 2-4: Particular requirements and tests for isolating transformers and power supply
units incorporating isolating transformers
IEC 61558-2-13, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply
voltages up to 1 100 V — Part 2-13: Particular requirements and tests for auto transformers and power
supply units incorporating auto transformers
IEC 61558-2-16, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for voltages
up to 1 100 V — Part 2-16: Particular requirements and tests for switch mode power supply units and
transformers for switch mode power supply units
IEC 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external
mechanical impacts (IK code)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8044 and EN 1504 (all parts)
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
zone
part of a cathodic protection system
Note 1 to entry: Anode systems may be divided into separate zones to supply current to a fully continuous
reinforcement mesh. Alternatively, a single anode zone may supply current to separate, electrically isolated,
zones within the reinforcement system. Zones may comprise an individual anode zone for each reinforcement
zone or exposure condition. As the current provision to each of the zones in each of these alternatives can be
separately measured, all of them are generically called “cathodic protection zones” and specifically “anode zones”
or “cathode zones”.
3.2
humectant
hygroscopic material, i.e. a substance that promotes the retention of moisture
Note 1 to entry: It may be applied to the surface of a galvanic anode to keep the concrete-anode interface moist.
4 General
4.1 Quality management systems
The design, the installation, the energizing, the commissioning and the long-term operation of all of the
elements of cathodic protection systems for steel in concrete shall be fully documented.
NOTE ISO 9000 constitutes a suitable quality management systems standard which can be utilized.
Each element of the work shall be undertaken in accordance with a fully documented quality plan.
Each stage of the design shall be checked and the checking shall be documented.
Each stage of the installation, energizing, commissioning and operation shall be the subject of
appropriate visual, mechanical and/or electrical testing, and all testing shall be documented.
All test instrumentation shall have valid calibration certificates traceable to national or European
standards concerning calibration.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12696:2016(E)
The documentation shall constitute part of the permanent records for the works.
4.2 Personnel
Each aspect of the cathodic protection system design, installation, testing of the installation, energizing,
commissioning and long-term operational control shall be under the supervision of personnel with
appropriate qualifications, training, expertise and experience in the particular element of the work for
which they are responsible.
NOTE Cathodic protection of steel in concrete is a specialist multidiscipline activity. Expertise is required in
the fields of electrochemistry, concrete technology, civil and/or structural engineering and cathodic protection
engineering.
Personnel who undertake the design, supervision of installation, commissioning, supervision of
operation, measurements, monitoring and supervision of maintenance of cathodic protection systems
shall have the appropriate level of competence for the tasks undertaken. EN 15257 specifies a suitable
method which may be utilized for assessing the competence of cathodic protection personnel.
The competence of cathodic protection personnel to the appropriate level for tasks undertaken should
be demonstrated by certification in accordance with EN 15257 or by another equivalent prequalification
procedure.
4.3 Design
This document does not represent a design code, but is a performance standard.
Cathodic protection systems for steel in concrete shall be the subject of detailed design.
The design shall, as a minimum, include the following:
a) detailed calculations;
b) detailed installation drawings;
c) detailed material and equipment specifications;
d) detailed method statements or specifications for installation, testing, energizing, commissioning
and operation;
e) structures containing prestressing shall be assessed for their susceptibility to hydrogen
embrittlement and for risk of stray currents.
Annex B lists items that should be considered in the detailed design.
5 Structure assessment and repair
5.1 General
For cathodic protection (or cathodic prevention) of new structures, see 5.12.
The assessment of an existing structure, including its material condition, its structural integrity and
whether and how to repair it, shall be performed in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts).
When cathodic protection is proposed as the repair/protection method, or part of it, for a structure,
additional investigation shall be undertaken in order to
a) confirm the suitability of cathodic protection, and
b) provide system-design input information. See Annex B.
These investigations shall include, but shall not be limited to, those in 5.2 to 5.10.
ISO 12696:2016(E)
5.2 Records
All available drawings, specifications, records and notes shall be reviewed to assess the location,
quantity, nature (e.g. normal, galvanized, epoxy-coated, prestressed) and continuity of the
reinforcement and any additional steel, the constituents and quality of the concrete.
The available information shall be confirmed and supplemented by site survey and laboratory tests, as
specified in 5.3 to 5.8.
5.3 Visual inspection and delamination survey
Visual survey data shall be collected to ascertain the type, causes and extent of defects, and any
features of the structure or its surrounding environment, which could influence the application
and effectiveness of cathodic protection. Areas which have been previously repaired, and the repair
methods and materials, shall be identified.
All areas of the structure which require to be cathodically protected shall be checked for delamination
of the concrete cover.
Defects, such as cracks, honeycombing or poor construction joints, which could permit significant water
penetration, and which could in turn impair the effectiveness or durability of the cathodic protection
system, shall be recorded.
Where necessary, the inspection and survey of buried or immersed elements will be facilitated by
excavation and or cofferdams.
5.4 Chloride analysis
If required, values and distributions of the chloride content of the concrete shall be determined in
accordance with EN 14629.
5.5 Carbonation depth measurement
If required, distribution of carbonation depths shall be measured in accordance with EN 14630.
5.6 Concrete cover and reinforcement location
Concrete cover distribution and embedded steel and reinforcement size and position measurements
shall be carried out in order to assess whether the anode/cathode spacing will be adequate for the
particular anode system envisaged, and to identify dense regions of steel or reinforcement which may
require high current density. Shielding of the steel to be protected, caused by embedded metal meshes,
metal fibres or plates, plastic sheets or non-conductive repair materials, which could impair the
efficiency of cathodic protection, shall be assessed. Possible short-circuits between reinforcing steel
and impressed current anodes shall be assessed.
For buried or immersed structures or zones, the concrete cover may be less significant if the anode
system is to comprise anodes buried or immersed and located some distance from the structure.
5.7 Reinforcement electrical continuity
Drawings of reinforcement and other steel elements shall be checked for continuity which shall then
be proven on site by measuring the electrical resistance and/or potential difference between bars
in locations remote from each other across the structure. Testing shall be as specified in 7.1 for the
purpose of confirming cathodic protection feasibility and providing design information. This shall
include at least an assessment of the following on a representative basis:
a) electrical continuity between elements of the structure within each zone of the cathodic
protection system;
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12696:2016(E)
b) electrical continuity of reinforcement within elements of the structure;
c) electrical continuity of metallic items, other than reinforcement, to the reinforcement itself.
At the subsequent repair and installation stage, reinforcement and other steel electrical continuity shall
be further checked in accordance with the methods, and to the extent specified in 7.1.
5.8 Steel/concrete potential
Representative areas, both damaged and apparently undamaged, shall be surveyed for
reinforcement/steel corrosion activity, using portable reference electrodes conforming to 6.3.2.
Measurements shall be taken, preferably on an orthogonal grid, at a maximum spacing of 500 mm.
NOTE 1 It is not necessary to carry out a steel/concrete potential survey of the entire structure. It is
appropriate to survey, in more detail, those areas where reference electrodes are planned to be permanently
installed, in order to place them in most anodic and other suitable locations.
Continuity of the reinforcement and steel within any steel/concrete potential survey area is essential
and shall be checked, using the method in 7.1 before the steel/concrete potential survey.
Measurements in any areas identified as delaminated, in the survey specified in 5.3, should be
interpreted with caution, because delamination can produce readings inconsistent with the level of
corrosion of the reinforcement or other embedded steel.
[9] [10]
NOTE 2 ASTM C876, RILEM TC 154 report (2003) and Concrete Society Technical Report 60 provide
guidance with respect to steel/concrete potential measurements and interpretation.
5.9 Concrete electrical resistivity
The impact of variations in concrete resistivity on the cathodic protection system shall be considered.
There is no firm guidance on limits of electrical resistivity with respect to cathodic protection, but
the designer shall consider whether full protection can be achieved where required for the ranges and
absolute values of concrete resistivity found on the structure.
[11] [10]
NOTE RILEM TC 154 Report (2000) and Concrete Society Technical Report 60 provide guidance with
respect to concrete electrical resistivity measurements and interpretation.
5.10 Repair
5.10.1 General
All operations comprising repair shall be performed in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts), except
where stated otherwise in this subclause.
NOTE Installation of cathodic protection to an existing structure may be associated with other forms of
repair work, such as strengthening, patching or coating, as determined in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts).
In this subclause, the term “repair” signifies reinstatement of the damaged/deteriorated concrete to provide an
uninterrupted path for the flow of cathodic protection current prior to the installation of cathodic protection,
as well as reinstatement at locations where concrete has been removed to provide access to reinforcement and
other steel, to install cable connections and monitoring sensors, etc.
5.10.2 Concrete removal
All repair materials from previous installations with significantly different electrical resistivity from
the parent concrete shall be broken out.
Typically, these repair materials with an electrical resistivity outside the range of approximately half
to twice that of the parent concrete, when measured under the same conditions as the parent concrete,
should be removed in order to allow relatively uniform current distribution to reinforcement. For
example, predominantly epoxy-based repair materials will have very high resistivity values and may
ISO 12696:2016(E)
shield reinforcement within or behind them from cathodic protection. Concrete reinforced with metallic
fibres may have very low electrical resistivity and the fibres may form an electrical short-circuit path
between the anode and the steel.
For impressed-current cathodic protection systems, any tying wire, nails or other metal components
visible on the concrete, that might contact the anode system or might be too close to the anode for
optimum anode/cathode spacing, shall be cut back and the concrete shall be repaired.
NOTE Any metallic objects electrically isolated from the cathodic protection cathode circuit may corrode
and may require to be electrically bonded to the reinforcement or removed.
The removal of physically sound chloride-contaminated or carbonated concrete prior to applying
cathodic protection is not necessary.
5.10.3 Reinforcement preparation
Any loose corrosion product particles shall be removed from the exposed reinforcement or other steel
to ensure good contact between the steel and the repair material, but there is no need to clean the
reinforcement or other steel, to be embedded in concrete, to bright metal.
Neither insulating nor resistive primers or coatings shall be used.
5.10.4 Concrete reinstatement
Concrete reinstatement shall be in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts), except where stated in this
subclause.
Concrete shall be reinstated using cementitious materials. Repair materials containing metal (either
fibre or powder) shall not be used, especially in the case of impressed current systems. The electrical
resistivity characteristics and mechanical properties of the repair materials shall be compatible with
the original concrete. Proprietary curing membranes shall not be used prior to subsequent anode
installation over the repair area. Alternative curing methods shall be used.
The electrical resistivity of concrete repair materials shall be similar to that of the parent concrete.
NOTE Typically, these repair materials will have an electrical resistivity within the range approximately half
to twice that of the parent concrete when measured under the same conditions as the parent concrete. However,
the electrical resistivity of the parent concrete will be that of an aged material (age >20 years), whereas the
electrical resistivity of the repair material will reflect the properties at a relatively young age; it is anticipated
that there will be a significant ageing effect over time. Also, measurements made in the laboratory on prisms will
not represent the conditions of the structure. A good quality repair made with materials known to be compatible
with cathodic protection installations has been found to be more important than arbitrary resistivity limits.
5.11 Cementitious overlay
For cathodic protection systems employing anode systems as outlined in 6.2.2.2, following repair as
specified in 5.10, and anode installation in accordance with 7.5, 7.6 and 7.7, a cementitious overlay shall
be applied over appropriate types of installed anode. All materials and application methods shall be
in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts). The average bond strength between the existing concrete and
overlay shall be greater than 1,5 MPa and the minimum shall be greater than 1,0 MPa.
If the substrate concrete cohesive strength fails at lower values than 1,5 MPa average and 1,0 MPa
minimum, the use of a cementitious overlay may be inappropriate.
Overlay application may be combined with concrete repair.
The electrical resistivity of anode overlays may exceed twice that of parent concrete subject to the
anode within the overlay being able to pas
...