EN 16851:2017
(Main)Cranes - Light crane systems
Cranes - Light crane systems
This European Standard applies to:
- light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems;
- pillar jib cranes;
- wall-mounted jib crane.
NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B.
NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints.
This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985.
This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
Krane - Leichtkransysteme
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für:
- Leichtkransysteme, entweder aufgehängte oder freistehende Systeme;
- Säulenschwenkkrane;
- Wandauslegerkrane.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für Abbildungen von Kranarten siehe Anhang B.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Tragfähigkeit der Leichtkransysteme liegt im Allgemeinen unter 10 t; die Norm ist jedoch auch noch anwendbar, wenn die Tragfähigkeit höher ist.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane und Kransysteme, die aus Stahl- oder Aluminiumstrukturen bestehen, mit Ausnahme von Aluminiumstrukturen mit geschweißten Verbindungsstellen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Krane, die durch andere produktspezifische Normen für Krane abgedeckt sind, z. B. EN 15011 oder EN 14985.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält die Anforderungen für alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungs-situationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung und unter den vom Hersteller vorgesehenen Bedingungen für den Kran maßgeblich sind (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Die spezifischen Gefährdungen durch explosionsgefährdete Bereiche, ionisierende Strahlung, Betrieb in elektromagnetischen Feldern außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs von EN 61000 6 2 und der Betrieb in der Pharma- oder Lebensmittelindustrie werden von dieser Europäischen Norm nicht abgedeckt.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält keine Anforderungen an das Heben von Personen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Annahme dieser Europäischen Norm durch CEN hergestellt werden.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légère
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux :
- systèmes de grue légère composés de systèmes suspendus ou autoporteurs;
- grues à flèche à colonne ;
- grues à flèche murales.
NOTE 1 L’Annexe B donne des illustrations de ce type de grues.
NOTE 2 La capacité nominale de ces systèmes de grues légères est généralement inférieure à 10 t, mais en cas de capacité nominale supérieure, la norme reste applicable.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux systèmes et appareils de levage à charge suspendue dont les structures sont en acier ou en aluminium, à l'exception des structures en aluminium comportant des assemblages soudés.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue couverts par une norme de grues produits spécifiques, par exemple EN 15011 ou EN 14985.
La présente Norme européenne indique les prescriptions relatives à l'ensemble des phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux majeurs relatifs aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue, lorsque ceux-ci sont utilisés comme prévu et dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant (voir Article 4).
Les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus à des atmosphères potentiellement explosives, aux rayonnements ionisants, à l'utilisation dans des champs électromagnétiques allant au-delà de la plage de l'EN 61000 6 2 ainsi que l'utilisation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique ou agroalimentaire ne sont pas couverts par la présente Norme européenne.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des prescriptions applicables au levage des personnes.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue fabriqués après la date d'approbation de la présente Norme européenne par le CEN.
Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemi
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za:
– lahke žerjavne sisteme, sestavljene iz ene ali več dvižnih naprav, mostov in njihovih tirnic;
– stenske, stebrne in delavniške žerjave z ročico.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za žerjave in žerjavne sisteme, katerih konstrukcije so izdelane iz jekla ali aluminija, razen aluminijastih konstrukcij z zvarnimi spoji.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za gradbena ali razstavljalna dela ali spreminjanje nastavitev žerjava.
Ta evropski standard podaja zahteve za vse pomembne nevarnosti, nevarne razmere in dogodke, povezane z žerjavi, kadar se uporabljajo v skladu z namembnostjo in pod pogoji, ki jih je predvidel proizvajalec (glej točko 4).
Posebne nevarnosti zaradi potencialno eksplozivnih atmosfer, ionizirajočega sevanja in delovanja v elektromagnetnem polju, ki presegajo področje uporabe standarda 61000-6-2, ter delovanja v farmacevtski ali prehrambeni industriji niso zajete v tem evropskem standardu.
Ta evropski standard ne vključuje zahtev za dvigovanje oseb.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za žerjave, ki so bili proizvedeni po datumu, ko je CEN sprejel ta evropski standard.
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 16851:2017 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cranes - Light crane systems". This standard covers: This European Standard applies to: - light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems; - pillar jib cranes; - wall-mounted jib crane. NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B. NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher. This European Standard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985. This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard. This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
This European Standard applies to: - light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems; - pillar jib cranes; - wall-mounted jib crane. NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B. NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher. This European Standard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985. This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard. This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
EN 16851:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 16851:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 16851:2017+A1:2020, EN 16851:2017/FprA1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 16851:2017 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemiKrane - LeichtkransystemeAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légèreCranes - Light crane systems53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16851:2017SIST EN 16851:2017en,fr,de01-marec-2017SIST EN 16851:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16851
January
t r s y ICS
w uä r t rä t r English Version
Cranes æ Light crane systems Appareils de levage à charge suspendue æ Systèmes de grue légère
Krane æ Leichtkransysteme This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s v November
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x z w sã t r s y ESIST EN 16851:2017
Guidance for specifying the operating duty . 34 Annex B (normative)
Actions on supporting structures and installation dimensions . 35 B.1 Loads and load combinations . 35 B.2 Jib cranes . 36 B.2.1 Pillar jib crane. 36 B.2.2 Wall-mounted jib crane . 37 B.3 Suspended light crane systems . 38 B.4 Free-standing systems . 39 Annex C (normative)
Noise test code . 40 C.1 General . 40 C.2 Description of machinery family . 41 C.3 Determination of a conventional emission sound pressure level by calculation . 41 C.3.1 Principle of the method . 41 C.3.2 Calculation. 41 C.4 Determination of emission sound pressure level at control stations and other specified positions and determination of sound power level by measurement. 43 C.4.1 Measurement method and points . 43 C.4.1.1 Measurement of sound pressure level at working positions . 43 C.4.1.2 Determination of sound power level or sound pressure level at determined positions . 44 C.4.2 Installation and mounting conditions . 44 C.4.3 Operating conditions . 45 C.4.3.1 General . 45 C.4.3.2 Hoisting and traversing . 45 C.4.3.3 Travelling . 45 C.5 Uncertainties . 46 C.6 Information to be recorded. 46 C.7 Information to be reported . 46 C.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 46 Annex D (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of European Standards for cranes in a given application. 48 SIST EN 16851:2017
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 50 Bibliography . 51
1.1 Hazards generated by machine parts or work pieces, e.g. by:
1.1.1
Relative location 5.4.3, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.10, 5.7.3, Clause 6, 7.2 1.1.2
Mass and stability 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.9, 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.4 1.1.3
Mass and velocity 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.10, 5.5, 5.7.3, Clause 6, 7.2 1.1.4
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9, 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.1, 7.4 1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g. by:
1.2.1
Fluids under pressure 5.4.11, Clause 6, 7.1, 7.2 1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical hazards:
1.3.1
Crushing 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.2
Shearing 5.1, 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.3
Cutting or severing 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.4
Drawing-in or trapping hazard - moving transmission parts 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.5
Impact 5.7.3, 7.1, 7.2 1.3.6
High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.1 SIST EN 16851:2017
2.1
Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.2 2.2
Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) 5.1 2.3
Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.2 2.5
Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particles and chemical effects from short-circuits, overloads, etc. 5.1 3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1
burns and scalds, by possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme temperature, by flames, by radiation, etc. 5.7.3, 7.3 4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1
Hearing losses 5.7.5 4.2
Interference with speech communication, signals 7.3.1 5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.1
Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor postures
6 Radiation
6.1
External radiation 5.1 7 Processed materials and substances, used materials, fuels
7.1
Hazards from contact with harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts 7.1 7.2
Fire or explosion hazard Clause 1, 7.1 8 Neglected ergonomic principles in machine design, e.g. hazards from:
8.1
Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.1, 5.7.3 SIST EN 16851:2017
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 5.7.3 8.3
Neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.7.3, 5.7.5, 7.2, 7.3 8.4
Inadequate local lighting 5.7.4 8.6
Human errors, human behaviour 5.7.1, 7.2, 7.3 8.7
Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.1, 5.7.1 8.8
Inadequate design or location of visual display units 5.7.1, 5.8.4 9 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/over speed (or any similar malfunction) from:
9.1
Failure/disorder of control systems 5.1, Clause 6, 5.9 9.2
Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.) 7.2 9.3
Errors in the software Clause 6, 5.9 9.4
Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities, see hazard N° 8.6) 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 7.2, 7.3 10
Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 7.2 11
Failure of the power supply 5.4.11 12
Failure of the control circuit 5.1, 5.7.1, 5.9 13 Break-up during operation
13.1
Thermal effect on the crane Clause 7 14
Falling or ejected object or fluid 5.1, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.9, 5.4.10, 5.7.3.4, Clause 6 15
Loss of stability / overturning of machinery 5.4.9, Clause 6, 7.4 16
Slip, trip and falling of persons (related to machinery) 5.7.2 17 Hazards relating to the travelling function
17.1
Movement without an operator at the driving position 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.9 SIST EN 16851:2017
Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery 5.7.2, 5.9 17.3
Excessive oscillations when moving 5.7.2, 7.2 17.4
Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped and immobilized 5.4.10, 5.7.2, Clause 6 17.5
From derailment due to travelling 5.4.1, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9 18 Linked to the work position (including driving station) on the machine
18.1
Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position 5.7.3, 5.7.4 18.2
Mechanical hazards at the work position 5.7.3, 7.1, 7.2 18.3
Insufficient visibility from the working position 5.7.4 18.4
Inadequate lighting 5.7.4 18.5
Inadequate seating 5.7.1 18.6
Noise at the driving position 5.7.5 18.7
Vibration at the driving position 5.7.1 19 Due to the control system
19.1
Inadequate location of controls /control devices 5.1, 5.7.1, 5.7.2 19.2
Inadequate design of the actuation mode and/or action mode of controls 5.1, 5.7.1 20
From handling the machine (lack of stability) 5.5 21 From/to third persons
21.1
Unauthorized start-up/use 7.3 21.2
Drift of a part away from its stopping position 5.4.11 21.3
Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 5.8 22 Insufficient instructions for the driver / operator
22.1
Movement into prohibited area 5.8, 7.2, 7.3 22.2
Tipping - Swinging 7.2, 7.3 SIST EN 16851:2017
Collision: machines-machine 5.4.10, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 7.2, 7.3 22.4
Collision: machines-persons 7.2, 7.3 22.5
Ground conditions 7.3 22.6
Supporting conditions 7.3 23 Mechanical hazards and events
23.1 From load falls, collision, machine tipping caused by:
23.1.1
Lack of stability 5.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.8, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 23.1.2
Uncontrolled loading - overloading – overturning moment exceeded 5.1, 5.4.8, 5.4.9, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.1, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.4
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.1, 5.4.8, 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.5
Inadequate holding devices / accessories 5.1, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.6
Collision of more than one machine 5.5, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.7
Two-block of hook to hoist 5.5, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3, 5.9 23.2
From access of persons to load support 7.2, 7.3 23.3
From derailment 5.4.1, 5.4.3, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9 23.4
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts Loss of mechanical strength, or inadequate mechanical strength 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.10, 5.6, Clause 6, 7.4 23.5
From inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.1, Clause 6 23.6
From inadequate selection/ integration into the machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories 5.1, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.7
From abnormal conditions of assembly / testing / use / maintenance 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.8
Load-person interference (impact by load) 7.2, 7.3 29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1
Insufficient visibility from the driving position 5.7.1, 5.8.4 SIST EN 16851:2017
· 7 % on a gauge length =×005,65LS (where S0 is the original cross-sectional area); — temper conditions shall be specified and defined in accordance with EN 515. SIST EN 16851:2017
mm N/mm2 N/mm2 EN AW-6060 T5 T6 T64 T66 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 15 t
¶ 15 t
¶ 25 100 140 120 150 140 170 180 195 EN AW-6061 T4 T6 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 25 110 240 180 260 EN AW-6063 T5 T6 T66 T66 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 10 10 < t
¶ 25 110 160 200 180 160 195 245 225 EN AW-6005A T6 10 < t
¶ 25 200 250 EN AW-6106 T6 t
¶ 10 200 250 EN AW-7020 T6 t
¶ 15 15 < t
¶ 40 290 275 350 350 Temper designations: refer to EN 515.
5.2.3 Proof of static strength For calculation of the limit design stress in structural members (i.e. excluding bolted and pin connections), the general resistance factor shall be set to m = 1,1, and the specific resistance factor for all types of materials and directions of stresses shall be set to sm = 1. 5.2.4 Proof of fatigue strength c shall be taken in accordance with Table 3. The slope constant shall be set to m = 7. Where a member has a detail with geometric form to cause local stress concentration, the nominal stress in the member shall be increased with the relevant stress concentration factor, when applied to the proof of fatigue strength. Such details are e.g. holes in a member or stepped discontinuities with edges perpendicular to the direction of normal stress. SIST EN 16851:2017
N/mm2 N/mm2 Non-welded structural member under normal stresses
- all tempers 100
¶ fy
¶ 200 63 - without geometric notch effects 200 < fy
¶ 290 71
5.2.5 Proof of elastic stability The material parameter values shall be set as follows: — modulus of elasticity E = 70 000 N/mm2; — Poisson's ratio
= 0,3. Dimensional tolerances of extruded structural members shall conform to EN 755-9. 5.3 Actions on supporting structures Actions on supporting structures shall be given in technical documentation in accordance with Annex B. 5.4 General components 5.4.1 Joints in crane tracks, crane bridges and monorails Joints shall ensure specified alignment of the connected parts and the continuity of the rolling surface of trolleys. Joints shall be designed for the maximum forces induced on the joint. The shocks against the end stops, the buffers or any other dynamic loading shall be taken into account. If other means are not provided to prevent the joint from opening during operation, then the joint shall be designed such it cannot open, e.g. by means of positive locking. The allowable distance between a joint and the nearest support (D) as well as the allowable gap (G) and step (S) of the running surface shall be specified and documented in the installation and maintenance instructions, see Figure 1. SIST EN 16851:2017
Key D distance from the joint to the nearest support G gap at the joint S step at the joint Figure 1 — Joint 5.4.2 Suspensions Means shall be provided in order to limit excessive horizontal displacement of the light crane system. Suspensions should have means for height and position adjustment. 5.4.3 Bridge skewing The bridge attachment to a trolley running on the track shall be built in such a way that it allows necessary degrees of freedom around the horizontal and vertical axis without damaging the light crane system, e.g. the vertical axis shall have sufficient freedom so that the crane bridge movement does not become obstructed on the track during operation. 5.4.4 Backup devices for trolleys and suspensions Where a trolley or a suspension of a track is equipped with a backup device as a safe guard against a failure of the primary component, the backup device shall be designed taking into account the dynamic effects due to the failure of the primary component. Instructions shall be provided for actions after the failure, e.g. inspection of the structure, repair and putting light crane system back to service, see 7.3.3. 5.4.5 Turntables and switches Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed by the mobile part during operation. If an obstruction occurs, it shall not lead to a hazardous situation. Figure 2 shows examples of turntable (Figure 2 a)) and switch (Figure 2 b)). SIST EN 16851:2017
a) Turntable b) Switch Key 1 running component 2 turntable 3 switch Figure 2 — Turntable and switch 5.4.6 Interlock Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed when passing from one side to the other. Figure 3 shows a typical example of an interlock.
Key 1 trolley 2 crane bridge 3 interlock 4 track Figure 3 — Interlock SIST EN 16851:2017
Key 1 trolley 2 lifting machinery 3 loading/unloading station Figure 4 — Loading/unloading station 5.4.8 Telescopic and cantilevered crane systems Where in case of a cantilevered load the wheels tend to lift from their usual running surfaces, means shall be provided, e.g. counterweights or counter wheels, to prevent uncontrolled movements and jamming of the moving parts. For an example of telescopic system, see Figure 5. SIST EN 16851:2017
Key 1 lifting device 2 telescopic crane bridge 3 crane bridge Figure 5 — Telescopic system 5.4.9 Trolleys Trolleys shall incorporate features to prevent unintentional derailment, accidental fall or climbing on the rail. This requirement can be fulfilled by the use of devices such as guide rollers and / or wheel flanges. The trolley shall be prevented from falling or overturning in the event of a single-wheel failure. 5.4.10 End stops and motion limiters Any motion that has a designed restriction of movement and those motions that have a restriction shall be provided with motion limiters. A motion limiter can be, for example, an electrical switch or a mechanical end stop. End stops shall be capable of stopping the movement from the maximum speed without overloading the crane. The ends of bridges and tracks shall be equipped with mechanical end stops. End stops of the parallel runways for crane or track shall be aligned. Where provided, the electrical motion limiters shall be in accordance with EN 12077-2. Where end stops for the crane or the trolley are fixed by a bolt tightening friction grip joint relying only on friction, to provide the possibility of adjustment of the travel range, there shall also be: — a positive locking provided behind the end stop as a back-up means or — the end stop construction shall be designed with a risk coefficient n = 1,6. Where the design permits only limited rotation of a jib crane, end stops for the rotation movement shall be provided. SIST EN 16851:2017
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標準EN 16851:2017は、軽量クレーンシステムに特化した欧州標準であり、サスペンデッドまたはフリースタンディングシステム、ピラー型ジブクレーン、壁取り付け型ジブクレーンに適用されます。この標準のスコープは、構造が鋼またはアルミニウム製のクレーンとクレーンシステムを対象としており、アルミニウム構造に溶接接合が含まれているものは除外されます。また、軽量クレーンシステムの定格容量は通常10トン未満ですが、定格容量がそれを超える場合にも標準は適用可能です。 この標準の強みは、クレーンの使用に関連するすべての重要な危険、危険な状況、および出来事に関する要件を提供している点です。特に、製造者が予見した条件下で意図された方法で使用される場合において、適切な安全基準を確保するための指針を提供しています。ただし、潜在的に爆発性のある雰囲気、電離放射線、電磁場内の操作、製薬または食品産業での運用に関連する特定の危険については、この標準はカバーされていません。また、人員の吊上げに関する要件も含まれないため、業界のニーズを考慮した上での適用が求められます。 EN 16851:2017は、CENによる承認後に製造されたクレーンに適用され、最新の安全基準に基づくクレーン使用の安全性を確保するために重要な役割を果たしています。この標準は、特定の製品専用のクレーン標準（例：EN 15011またはEN 14985）に該当しないクレーンに適用されるため、クレーンの設計及び運用に関心のあるすべての関係者にとって意味深いガイドラインとなります。全体として、EN 16851:2017は、軽量クレーンシステムの安全で効果的な使用を促進するための信頼性の高い基準として、その重要性と関連性を示しています。
Die Norm EN 16851:2017 stellt einen wesentlichen Rahmen für die Sicherheit und Benutzerfreundlichkeit von leichten Kransystemen dar. Sie umfasst eine Vielzahl von Systemen, einschließlich hängender und freistehender Ausführungen, Säulenauslegerkranen sowie wandmontierten Auslegerkranen. Diese umfassende Abdeckung macht die Norm besonders relevant für Hersteller und Anwender in der Krantechnologie. Ein hervorzuhebendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die Fokussierung auf die signifikanten Gefahren und gefährlichen Situationen, die im Zusammenhang mit Krananlagen stehen, wenn diese gemäß den Vorgaben des Herstellers verwendet werden. Die detaillierte Analyse in Abschnitt 4 bietet praktische Informationen, um Risiken frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu minimieren, was die Sicherheit im Betrieb erhöht. Die Norm ist speziell für Kransysteme konzipiert, deren Strukturen aus Stahl oder Aluminium bestehen, und schließt Aluminiumstrukturen mit geschweißten Gelenken aus. Dies stellt sicher, dass nur die besten Materialien in der Konstruktion verwendet werden, was die Langlebigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Kräne gewährleistet. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die Flexibilität bezüglich der Nennkapazität; obwohl die Norm für Kransysteme mit einer Kapazität von unter 10 t gilt, bleibt sie auch bei höheren Kapazitäten anwendbar. Es ist auch wichtig zu erwähnen, dass die Norm klar abgrenzt, welche Kranarten nicht unter ihren Rahmen fallen, beispielsweise Krananlagen, die durch andere spezifische Normen geregelt sind, wie EN 15011 oder EN 14985. Somit wird eine klare Richtlinie gegeben, die Verwirrung bei der Normenauswahl verhindert. Trotz ihrer Stärken behandelt die Norm nicht alle spezifischen Gefahren, beispielsweise die in explosionsgefährdeten Atmosphären oder im Pharmazie- und Nahrungsmittelsektor, wodurch ihr Anwendungsbereich eingeschränkt ist. Darüber hinaus ist der Umgang mit Personenlifting ebenfalls nicht berücksichtigt. Solche Ausschlüsse sollten von Fachleuten beachtet werden, um die Sicherheit weiterhin zu gewährleisten. Insgesamt bietet die EN 16851:2017 eine attraktive und relevante Grundlage für alle, die leicht Kransysteme konzipieren und einsetzen möchten. Die klare Definition von Anforderungen und die Konzentration auf Sicherheit und Materialauswahl machen sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Dokument in der Kranindustrie.
EN 16851:2017 표준은 경량 크레인 시스템에 관한 유럽 표준으로, 이 표준은 걸이형 및 독립형 시스템, 기둥 조타 기계 및 벽 장착 조타 기계를 포함합니다. 이 표준의 적용 범위는 매우 광범위하며, 내구성이 뛰어난 강철이나 알루미늄 구조로 제작된 크레인 및 크레인 시스템에 대해 적용됩니다. 다만, 용접이 포함된 알루미늄 구조물은 제외됩니다. 주목할 만한 강점 중 하나는 이 표준이 경량 크레인 시스템의 정격 용량이 일반적으로 10t 미만일 경우에 적용되지만, 그 이상일 경우에도 여전히 적용 가능하다는 점입니다. 이는 다양한 산업 현장에서의 사용 상황에 유연하게 대응할 수 있도록 합니다. EN 16851:2017은 제조업체가 예상한 조건 하에서 의도한 대로 사용될 때 발생할 수 있는 모든 주요 위험, 위험한 상황 및 사건에 대한 요구 사항을 제시합니다. 이러한 규정은 작업자의 안전을 보장하고, 경량 크레인 시스템 운영 시 안전성을 높이는데 기여합니다. 특히, 특정 환경에서의 위험 요소를 제외하고 명확히 정의된 기준을 통해 사용자에게 명확한 지침을 제공합니다. 그러나 이 표준은 인명 리프팅 요구 사항이나 특정 위험한 환경에서의 작업에 대해서는 적용되지 않으므로, 해당 분야에 종사하는 사용자들은 추가적인 표준을 검토해야 할 필요가 있습니다. 결론적으로, EN 16851:2017은 경량 크레인 시스템에 대한 포괄적이고 실용적인 표준으로, 크레인 안전 및 효율성을 위한 매우 중요한 기준을 제공하여, 관련 산업에서의 안전성을 대폭 향상시키고 있습니다.
The EN 16851:2017 standard, titled "Cranes - Light crane systems," provides a comprehensive framework specifically tailored for light crane systems, including both suspended and free-standing configurations, as well as pillar and wall-mounted jib cranes. The scope of this standard is noteworthy, as it effectively addresses the safety and operational requirements for cranes typically designed with a rated capacity generally below 10 tons. Importantly, the scope is inclusive; even systems with a rated capacity exceeding 10 tons can still be evaluated under this standard, ensuring broader applicability across various crane types. One of the key strengths of EN 16851:2017 lies in its detailed identification of significant hazards associated with light crane systems, which enhances safety standards within the industry. By outlining requirements for all relevant hazardous situations and events, the standard ensures that users can operate cranes as intended under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. This proactive approach to risk management is critical in the safe operation of cranes, thereby reducing the potential for accidents and injuries. Furthermore, the standard is explicitly designed for cranes constructed from steel or aluminum, reinforcing its relevance in modern manufacturing contexts. However, it wisely excludes aluminum structures with welded joints, allowing for a clear focus on materials that are best suited for practical applications in light crane systems. This specificity aids manufacturers and operators in understanding the scope of their responsibilities and the limitations of the standard. While EN 16851:2017 provides robust guidelines, it does recognize certain exclusions. For example, it does not encompass cranes covered by other product-specific crane standards such as EN 15011 or EN 14985. Additionally, it does not cover the lifting of persons or address specific hazards related to explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, or particular operational environments such as the pharmaceutical and food industries. This delineation enhances clarity regarding the standard's applicability and helps users understand its intended use cases. The relevance of this standard cannot be overstated, given the increasing reliance on light crane systems across various industries for lifting and maneuvering materials. By setting clear requirements and safety protocols, EN 16851:2017 is essential for manufacturers, operators, and safety inspectors to ensure that light crane systems are designed and maintained to meet contemporary safety standards, fostering a safer work environment. Overall, the EN 16851:2017 standard is a well-structured document that effectively addresses the critical aspects of light crane systems, making it a vital resource in the field of crane safety and operation.
La norme EN 16851:2017 est une référence essentielle pour les systèmes de grues légères, incluant les systèmes suspendus et autoportants, ainsi que les grues à flèche sur poteau et les grues à flèche murale. Son champ d'application est bien défini, prenant en compte les spécificités des différents types de grues légères tout en précisant les matériaux acceptés, principalement l'acier et l'aluminium, à l'exception des structures en aluminium contenant des joints soudés. Un des points forts de cette norme est qu'elle fournit des exigences claires concernant les dangers significatifs, les situations dangereuses et les événements associés aux grues, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées comme prévu et dans les conditions spécifiées par le fabricant. Cela permet d'assurer un haut niveau de sécurité pour les opérateurs et de minimiser les risques opérationnels. En outre, bien que la capacité nominale des systèmes de grues légères soit généralement inférieure à 10 t, la norme reste pertinente même pour des capacités supérieures, renforçant ainsi sa flexibilité d'application. Cependant, il convient de noter que cette norme ne couvre pas certaines conditions spécifiques, comme les ambiances susceptibles d'exploser, la radiation ionisante, et l'opération dans des champs électromagnétiques supérieurs aux limites établies par la norme EN 61000 6 2, ni dans les secteurs de la pharmacie ou de l'industrie alimentaire. De plus, les exigences pour le levage de personnes ne sont pas incluses, ce qui pourrait être un inconvénient pour certains utilisateurs. La norme EN 16851:2017 a été conçue pour les grues fabriquées après son approbation par le CEN, garantissant ainsi que ses spécifications sont à jour et pertinentes pour les technologies actuelles. Dans l'ensemble, cette norme est un document fondamental qui soutient la sécurité et la conformité dans le domaine des grues légères, en veillant à son application dans des environnements variés et en offrant des directives robustes pour la conception et l'utilisation de ces équipements.
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