EN 16851:2017
(Main)Cranes - Light crane systems
Cranes - Light crane systems
This European Standard applies to:
- light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems;
- pillar jib cranes;
- wall-mounted jib crane.
NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B.
NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints.
This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985.
This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
Krane - Leichtkransysteme
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für:
- Leichtkransysteme, entweder aufgehängte oder freistehende Systeme;
- Säulenschwenkkrane;
- Wandauslegerkrane.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für Abbildungen von Kranarten siehe Anhang B.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Tragfähigkeit der Leichtkransysteme liegt im Allgemeinen unter 10 t; die Norm ist jedoch auch noch anwendbar, wenn die Tragfähigkeit höher ist.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane und Kransysteme, die aus Stahl- oder Aluminiumstrukturen bestehen, mit Ausnahme von Aluminiumstrukturen mit geschweißten Verbindungsstellen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Krane, die durch andere produktspezifische Normen für Krane abgedeckt sind, z. B. EN 15011 oder EN 14985.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält die Anforderungen für alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungs-situationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung und unter den vom Hersteller vorgesehenen Bedingungen für den Kran maßgeblich sind (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Die spezifischen Gefährdungen durch explosionsgefährdete Bereiche, ionisierende Strahlung, Betrieb in elektromagnetischen Feldern außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs von EN 61000 6 2 und der Betrieb in der Pharma- oder Lebensmittelindustrie werden von dieser Europäischen Norm nicht abgedeckt.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält keine Anforderungen an das Heben von Personen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Annahme dieser Europäischen Norm durch CEN hergestellt werden.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légère
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux :
- systèmes de grue légère composés de systèmes suspendus ou autoporteurs;
- grues à flèche à colonne ;
- grues à flèche murales.
NOTE 1 L’Annexe B donne des illustrations de ce type de grues.
NOTE 2 La capacité nominale de ces systèmes de grues légères est généralement inférieure à 10 t, mais en cas de capacité nominale supérieure, la norme reste applicable.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux systèmes et appareils de levage à charge suspendue dont les structures sont en acier ou en aluminium, à l'exception des structures en aluminium comportant des assemblages soudés.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue couverts par une norme de grues produits spécifiques, par exemple EN 15011 ou EN 14985.
La présente Norme européenne indique les prescriptions relatives à l'ensemble des phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux majeurs relatifs aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue, lorsque ceux-ci sont utilisés comme prévu et dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant (voir Article 4).
Les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus à des atmosphères potentiellement explosives, aux rayonnements ionisants, à l'utilisation dans des champs électromagnétiques allant au-delà de la plage de l'EN 61000 6 2 ainsi que l'utilisation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique ou agroalimentaire ne sont pas couverts par la présente Norme européenne.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des prescriptions applicables au levage des personnes.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue fabriqués après la date d'approbation de la présente Norme européenne par le CEN.
Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemi
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za:
– lahke žerjavne sisteme, sestavljene iz ene ali več dvižnih naprav, mostov in njihovih tirnic;
– stenske, stebrne in delavniške žerjave z ročico.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za žerjave in žerjavne sisteme, katerih konstrukcije so izdelane iz jekla ali aluminija, razen aluminijastih konstrukcij z zvarnimi spoji.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za gradbena ali razstavljalna dela ali spreminjanje nastavitev žerjava.
Ta evropski standard podaja zahteve za vse pomembne nevarnosti, nevarne razmere in dogodke, povezane z žerjavi, kadar se uporabljajo v skladu z namembnostjo in pod pogoji, ki jih je predvidel proizvajalec (glej točko 4).
Posebne nevarnosti zaradi potencialno eksplozivnih atmosfer, ionizirajočega sevanja in delovanja v elektromagnetnem polju, ki presegajo področje uporabe standarda 61000-6-2, ter delovanja v farmacevtski ali prehrambeni industriji niso zajete v tem evropskem standardu.
Ta evropski standard ne vključuje zahtev za dvigovanje oseb.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za žerjave, ki so bili proizvedeni po datumu, ko je CEN sprejel ta evropski standard.
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 24-Jan-2017
- Withdrawal Date
- 13-Apr-2025
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 147 - Cranes - Safety
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 147/WG 14 - Bridge and gantry cranes
- Current Stage
- 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
- Start Date
- 16-Dec-2020
- Completion Date
- 14-Apr-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
- Effective Date
- 08-Jun-2022
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 16851:2017 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cranes - Light crane systems". This standard covers: This European Standard applies to: - light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems; - pillar jib cranes; - wall-mounted jib crane. NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B. NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher. This European Standard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985. This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard. This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
This European Standard applies to: - light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems; - pillar jib cranes; - wall-mounted jib crane. NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B. NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher. This European Standard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985. This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard. This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
EN 16851:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 16851:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 16851:2017+A1:2020, EN 16851:2017/FprA1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 16851:2017 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN 16851:2017 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemiKrane - LeichtkransystemeAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légèreCranes - Light crane systems53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16851:2017SIST EN 16851:2017en,fr,de01-marec-2017SIST EN 16851:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16851
January
t r s y ICS
w uä r t rä t r English Version
Cranes æ Light crane systems Appareils de levage à charge suspendue æ Systèmes de grue légère
Krane æ Leichtkransysteme This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s v November
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x z w sã t r s y ESIST EN 16851:2017
Guidance for specifying the operating duty . 34 Annex B (normative)
Actions on supporting structures and installation dimensions . 35 B.1 Loads and load combinations . 35 B.2 Jib cranes . 36 B.2.1 Pillar jib crane. 36 B.2.2 Wall-mounted jib crane . 37 B.3 Suspended light crane systems . 38 B.4 Free-standing systems . 39 Annex C (normative)
Noise test code . 40 C.1 General . 40 C.2 Description of machinery family . 41 C.3 Determination of a conventional emission sound pressure level by calculation . 41 C.3.1 Principle of the method . 41 C.3.2 Calculation. 41 C.4 Determination of emission sound pressure level at control stations and other specified positions and determination of sound power level by measurement. 43 C.4.1 Measurement method and points . 43 C.4.1.1 Measurement of sound pressure level at working positions . 43 C.4.1.2 Determination of sound power level or sound pressure level at determined positions . 44 C.4.2 Installation and mounting conditions . 44 C.4.3 Operating conditions . 45 C.4.3.1 General . 45 C.4.3.2 Hoisting and traversing . 45 C.4.3.3 Travelling . 45 C.5 Uncertainties . 46 C.6 Information to be recorded. 46 C.7 Information to be reported . 46 C.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 46 Annex D (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of European Standards for cranes in a given application. 48 SIST EN 16851:2017
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 50 Bibliography . 51
1.1 Hazards generated by machine parts or work pieces, e.g. by:
1.1.1
Relative location 5.4.3, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.10, 5.7.3, Clause 6, 7.2 1.1.2
Mass and stability 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.9, 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.4 1.1.3
Mass and velocity 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.10, 5.5, 5.7.3, Clause 6, 7.2 1.1.4
Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9, 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.1, 7.4 1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g. by:
1.2.1
Fluids under pressure 5.4.11, Clause 6, 7.1, 7.2 1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical hazards:
1.3.1
Crushing 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.2
Shearing 5.1, 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.3
Cutting or severing 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.4
Drawing-in or trapping hazard - moving transmission parts 5.7.3, 7.1 1.3.5
Impact 5.7.3, 7.1, 7.2 1.3.6
High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.1 SIST EN 16851:2017
2.1
Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.2 2.2
Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) 5.1 2.3
Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.2 2.5
Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particles and chemical effects from short-circuits, overloads, etc. 5.1 3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1
burns and scalds, by possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme temperature, by flames, by radiation, etc. 5.7.3, 7.3 4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1
Hearing losses 5.7.5 4.2
Interference with speech communication, signals 7.3.1 5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.1
Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor postures
6 Radiation
6.1
External radiation 5.1 7 Processed materials and substances, used materials, fuels
7.1
Hazards from contact with harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts 7.1 7.2
Fire or explosion hazard Clause 1, 7.1 8 Neglected ergonomic principles in machine design, e.g. hazards from:
8.1
Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.1, 5.7.3 SIST EN 16851:2017
Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 5.7.3 8.3
Neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.7.3, 5.7.5, 7.2, 7.3 8.4
Inadequate local lighting 5.7.4 8.6
Human errors, human behaviour 5.7.1, 7.2, 7.3 8.7
Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.1, 5.7.1 8.8
Inadequate design or location of visual display units 5.7.1, 5.8.4 9 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/over speed (or any similar malfunction) from:
9.1
Failure/disorder of control systems 5.1, Clause 6, 5.9 9.2
Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.) 7.2 9.3
Errors in the software Clause 6, 5.9 9.4
Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities, see hazard N° 8.6) 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 7.2, 7.3 10
Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 7.2 11
Failure of the power supply 5.4.11 12
Failure of the control circuit 5.1, 5.7.1, 5.9 13 Break-up during operation
13.1
Thermal effect on the crane Clause 7 14
Falling or ejected object or fluid 5.1, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.9, 5.4.10, 5.7.3.4, Clause 6 15
Loss of stability / overturning of machinery 5.4.9, Clause 6, 7.4 16
Slip, trip and falling of persons (related to machinery) 5.7.2 17 Hazards relating to the travelling function
17.1
Movement without an operator at the driving position 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.9 SIST EN 16851:2017
Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery 5.7.2, 5.9 17.3
Excessive oscillations when moving 5.7.2, 7.2 17.4
Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped and immobilized 5.4.10, 5.7.2, Clause 6 17.5
From derailment due to travelling 5.4.1, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9 18 Linked to the work position (including driving station) on the machine
18.1
Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position 5.7.3, 5.7.4 18.2
Mechanical hazards at the work position 5.7.3, 7.1, 7.2 18.3
Insufficient visibility from the working position 5.7.4 18.4
Inadequate lighting 5.7.4 18.5
Inadequate seating 5.7.1 18.6
Noise at the driving position 5.7.5 18.7
Vibration at the driving position 5.7.1 19 Due to the control system
19.1
Inadequate location of controls /control devices 5.1, 5.7.1, 5.7.2 19.2
Inadequate design of the actuation mode and/or action mode of controls 5.1, 5.7.1 20
From handling the machine (lack of stability) 5.5 21 From/to third persons
21.1
Unauthorized start-up/use 7.3 21.2
Drift of a part away from its stopping position 5.4.11 21.3
Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 5.8 22 Insufficient instructions for the driver / operator
22.1
Movement into prohibited area 5.8, 7.2, 7.3 22.2
Tipping - Swinging 7.2, 7.3 SIST EN 16851:2017
Collision: machines-machine 5.4.10, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 7.2, 7.3 22.4
Collision: machines-persons 7.2, 7.3 22.5
Ground conditions 7.3 22.6
Supporting conditions 7.3 23 Mechanical hazards and events
23.1 From load falls, collision, machine tipping caused by:
23.1.1
Lack of stability 5.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.8, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 23.1.2
Uncontrolled loading - overloading – overturning moment exceeded 5.1, 5.4.8, 5.4.9, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.3
Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.1, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.4
Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.1, 5.4.8, 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.5
Inadequate holding devices / accessories 5.1, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.6
Collision of more than one machine 5.5, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3 23.1.7
Two-block of hook to hoist 5.5, 5.6, 7.2, 7.3, 5.9 23.2
From access of persons to load support 7.2, 7.3 23.3
From derailment 5.4.1, 5.4.3, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9 23.4
From insufficient mechanical strength of parts Loss of mechanical strength, or inadequate mechanical strength 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.10, 5.6, Clause 6, 7.4 23.5
From inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.1, Clause 6 23.6
From inadequate selection/ integration into the machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories 5.1, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.7
From abnormal conditions of assembly / testing / use / maintenance 5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.2, 7.3 23.8
Load-person interference (impact by load) 7.2, 7.3 29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1
Insufficient visibility from the driving position 5.7.1, 5.8.4 SIST EN 16851:2017
· 7 % on a gauge length =×005,65LS (where S0 is the original cross-sectional area); — temper conditions shall be specified and defined in accordance with EN 515. SIST EN 16851:2017
mm N/mm2 N/mm2 EN AW-6060 T5 T6 T64 T66 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 15 t
¶ 15 t
¶ 25 100 140 120 150 140 170 180 195 EN AW-6061 T4 T6 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 25 110 240 180 260 EN AW-6063 T5 T6 T66 T66 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 25 t
¶ 10 10 < t
¶ 25 110 160 200 180 160 195 245 225 EN AW-6005A T6 10 < t
¶ 25 200 250 EN AW-6106 T6 t
¶ 10 200 250 EN AW-7020 T6 t
¶ 15 15 < t
¶ 40 290 275 350 350 Temper designations: refer to EN 515.
5.2.3 Proof of static strength For calculation of the limit design stress in structural members (i.e. excluding bolted and pin connections), the general resistance factor shall be set to m = 1,1, and the specific resistance factor for all types of materials and directions of stresses shall be set to sm = 1. 5.2.4 Proof of fatigue strength c shall be taken in accordance with Table 3. The slope constant shall be set to m = 7. Where a member has a detail with geometric form to cause local stress concentration, the nominal stress in the member shall be increased with the relevant stress concentration factor, when applied to the proof of fatigue strength. Such details are e.g. holes in a member or stepped discontinuities with edges perpendicular to the direction of normal stress. SIST EN 16851:2017
N/mm2 N/mm2 Non-welded structural member under normal stresses
- all tempers 100
¶ fy
¶ 200 63 - without geometric notch effects 200 < fy
¶ 290 71
5.2.5 Proof of elastic stability The material parameter values shall be set as follows: — modulus of elasticity E = 70 000 N/mm2; — Poisson's ratio
= 0,3. Dimensional tolerances of extruded structural members shall conform to EN 755-9. 5.3 Actions on supporting structures Actions on supporting structures shall be given in technical documentation in accordance with Annex B. 5.4 General components 5.4.1 Joints in crane tracks, crane bridges and monorails Joints shall ensure specified alignment of the connected parts and the continuity of the rolling surface of trolleys. Joints shall be designed for the maximum forces induced on the joint. The shocks against the end stops, the buffers or any other dynamic loading shall be taken into account. If other means are not provided to prevent the joint from opening during operation, then the joint shall be designed such it cannot open, e.g. by means of positive locking. The allowable distance between a joint and the nearest support (D) as well as the allowable gap (G) and step (S) of the running surface shall be specified and documented in the installation and maintenance instructions, see Figure 1. SIST EN 16851:2017
Key D distance from the joint to the nearest support G gap at the joint S step at the joint Figure 1 — Joint 5.4.2 Suspensions Means shall be provided in order to limit excessive horizontal displacement of the light crane system. Suspensions should have means for height and position adjustment. 5.4.3 Bridge skewing The bridge attachment to a trolley running on the track shall be built in such a way that it allows necessary degrees of freedom around the horizontal and vertical axis without damaging the light crane system, e.g. the vertical axis shall have sufficient freedom so that the crane bridge movement does not become obstructed on the track during operation. 5.4.4 Backup devices for trolleys and suspensions Where a trolley or a suspension of a track is equipped with a backup device as a safe guard against a failure of the primary component, the backup device shall be designed taking into account the dynamic effects due to the failure of the primary component. Instructions shall be provided for actions after the failure, e.g. inspection of the structure, repair and putting light crane system back to service, see 7.3.3. 5.4.5 Turntables and switches Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed by the mobile part during operation. If an obstruction occurs, it shall not lead to a hazardous situation. Figure 2 shows examples of turntable (Figure 2 a)) and switch (Figure 2 b)). SIST EN 16851:2017
a) Turntable b) Switch Key 1 running component 2 turntable 3 switch Figure 2 — Turntable and switch 5.4.6 Interlock Mechanism shall be such as to prevent a trolley from falling or from becoming obstructed when passing from one side to the other. Figure 3 shows a typical example of an interlock.
Key 1 trolley 2 crane bridge 3 interlock 4 track Figure 3 — Interlock SIST EN 16851:2017
Key 1 trolley 2 lifting machinery 3 loading/unloading station Figure 4 — Loading/unloading station 5.4.8 Telescopic and cantilevered crane systems Where in case of a cantilevered load the wheels tend to lift from their usual running surfaces, means shall be provided, e.g. counterweights or counter wheels, to prevent uncontrolled movements and jamming of the moving parts. For an example of telescopic system, see Figure 5. SIST EN 16851:2017
Key 1 lifting device 2 telescopic crane bridge 3 crane bridge Figure 5 — Telescopic system 5.4.9 Trolleys Trolleys shall incorporate features to prevent unintentional derailment, accidental fall or climbing on the rail. This requirement can be fulfilled by the use of devices such as guide rollers and / or wheel flanges. The trolley shall be prevented from falling or overturning in the event of a single-wheel failure. 5.4.10 End stops and motion limiters Any motion that has a designed restriction of movement and those motions that have a restriction shall be provided with motion limiters. A motion limiter can be, for example, an electrical switch or a mechanical end stop. End stops shall be capable of stopping the movement from the maximum speed without overloading the crane. The ends of bridges and tracks shall be equipped with mechanical end stops. End stops of the parallel runways for crane or track shall be aligned. Where provided, the electrical motion limiters shall be in accordance with EN 12077-2. Where end stops for the crane or the trolley are fixed by a bolt tightening friction grip joint relying only on friction, to provide the possibility of adjustment of the travel range, there shall also be: — a positive locking provided behind the end stop as a back-up means or — the end stop construction shall be designed with a risk coefficient n = 1,6. Where the design permits only limited rotation of a jib crane, end stops for the rotation movement shall be provided. SIST EN 16851:2017
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