ASTM E1542-21

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1542 − 20b E1542 − 21
Standard Terminology
Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of consensus definitions of terms used in ASTM occupational safety and
health standards.
1.2 This terminology standard does not purport to be an exhaustive lexicon. Rather it defines terms relevant to occupational health
and safety.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1132 Practice for Health Requirements Relating to Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica
E2349 Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting
and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
E2350 Guide for Integration of Ergonomics/Human Factors into New Occupational Systems
E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
E2565 Guide for Consensus-Based Process for an Occupational Safety and Health Standard That Includes an Occupational
Exposure Guideline
E2875 Guide for Personal Protective Equipment for the Handling of Flat Glass
3. Terminology
3.1 Health and safety terms specific to metalworking fluids and the metalworking environment are found in Terminology E2523.
3.2 Generic Terms and Their Definitions:
3.2.1 ceiling limit—an exposure which shall not be exceeded during any part of the workday. If instantaneous monitoring is not
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.01 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020April 1, 2021. Published November 2020April 2021. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
E1542 – 20a.E1542 – 20b. DOI: 10.1520/E1542-20B.10.1520/E1542-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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E1542 − 21
feasible, then the ceiling limit shall be assessed as a 15-min time-weighted average exposure which shall not be exceeded at any
time over a working day, except for substances which cause immediate irritation upon short exposure.
3.2.2 short-term exposure limit (STEL)—the 15-min time-weighted average exposure which shall not be exceeded at any time
during a workday, even if the occupational exposure limit is not exceeded. Exposures above the occupational exposure limit up
to the STEL should not be longer than 15 min and should not occur more than four times per day. The minimum interval between
these exposures should be 60 min.
3.3 Terminology Based on Existing E34 Standards:
3.3.1 adjustable barrier guard, n—physical barrier with adjustable sections that is designed to prevent entry of any part of the
body into the hazard zone by reaching through, over, under, or around the barrier. E2349
3.3.2 bail/spreader, n—hoop or arched connection between the crane hook and ladle or between crane hook and ladle trunnions.
E2349
3.3.3 blast, n—in foundry operations, air or oxygen-enriched air that is blown under pressure into a cupola for supporting
combustion. E2349
3.3.4 blast compartment, n—that portion of the blasting enclosure that contains the blasting media propulsion device. E2349
3.3.5 blow plate, n—plate affixed to the magazine or blow head of a core- or mold-blowing machine, having holes or slots through
which sand or other media in the magazine or blow head passes into the core or mold cavity or around the pattern when air or other
gas pressure is applied to the machine. E2349
3.3.6 bottom discharge (pour, tap) ladle, n—ladle that has its molten metal contents discharged through an opening in the bottom.
E2349
3.3.7 channel furnace, n—electric induction furnace in which heat is electrically induced in the metal in a refractory channel.
E2349
3.3.8 charge, n—in foundry operations, material introduced into a melting furnace for the production of molten metal. E2349
3.3.9 core, n—in foundry operations, preformed aggregate or collapsible insert placed in a mold to shape the interior or that part
of a casting that cannot be shaped by the pattern. E2349
3.3.10 core binder(s), n—any material, liquid or solid, which is used to bond core aggregates. E2349
3.3.11 corebox, n—a (wood, metal, or plastic) structure, the cavity of which has the shape of the desired core that is to be made
therein. E2349
3.3.12 coreless furnace, n—electric induction furnace consisting of an induction coil surrounding a crucible or refractory lining
in which metal is melted or molten metal is retained. E2349
3.3.13 core- or mold-blowing or shooting machine, n—machine for injecting sand or other media into the core or mold cavity by
means of compressed air or other gas. E2349
3.3.14 crane ladle, n—ladle handled by an overhead crane. E2349
3.3.15 crucible, n—in foundry operations, container used for the melting, holding, and pouring of metal. E2349
3.3.16 cupola, n—in foundry operations, vertical shaft-type furnace for melting and/or producing molten metal by combusting
coke or other fuels using a blast, and possibly additional pure oxygen, that is introduced through the cupola tuyeres. E2349
3.3.17 cupola drop, n—materials dropped from the cupola at the end of a heat. E2349
E1542 − 21
3.3.18 direct arc furnace, n—furnace in which heat is produced by an electric arc between electrodes and the charge. E2349
3.3.19 drop area, n—in foundry operations, the area directly under the cupola that receives the hot bed coke or other hot materials
from the inside of the furnace when the bottom doors or side access door are opened. E2349
3.3.20 drop zone, n—the zone adjacent to the drop area that is exposed to drop hazards during the dropping process. E2349
3.3.21 dross, n—metal oxides or foreign matter, or both, that accumulates on the surface of nonferrous molten metal. E2349
3.3.22 finishing, v—in foundry operations, attainment of a desired surface finish or finish characteristics by such means as abrasive
impingement, grinding, or polishing. E2349
3.3.23 flask, n—in foundry operations, a container, without top or bottom, used to contain the sand or other media while it is being
formed. It is made in two or more parts; the lower part is called the “drag” and the upper part is called the “cope.” Intermediate
sections, if any, are called “cheeks.” E2349
3.3.24 flask lifting device, n—chains, rods, bails, cables, slings, and other materials used to support a load such as a flask for
turning, inverting, or transporting. E2349
3.3.25 flat glass, n—general term covering glass in its annealed state, such as sheet glass, lite of glass, float glass, various forms
of rolled glass, and raw products derived from glass. E2875
3.3.25.1 Discussion—
This definition is not intended to apply to heat-tempered or laminated glass products. With heat-tempered or laminated glass
products, refer to your local risk assessment.
3.3.26 gas handling system, n—the collective group of equipment that draws cupola gas from the furnace. E2349
3.3.27 heat, n—in foundry operations, stated weight of metal obtained from a period of melting in a cupola or furnace or the time
required to melt and process this material. E2349
3.3.28 indirect arc furnace, n—furnace in which heat is produced by an electric arc between electrodes. E2349
3.3.29 informed decision, n—agreement reached by affected stakeholders, which is obtained by a process by which affected
stakeholders (1) are involved in a participative process that crea
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