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ASTM F2908-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

Standard Specification for Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This specification defines the UFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.4 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with the system.  
1.5 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2023
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.03 - Personnel Training, Qualification and Certification
Current Stage
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2908 − 23
Standard Specification for
Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned
1
Aircraft System (UAS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2908; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the
accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements
the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority
for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an
in the certificate / permit application.
unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and com-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
plexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner /
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
operator authorized maintenance. This document has been
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
purposefully designed within the broader context of the Com-
mittee F38 library. Although the original source materials for
2. Referenced Documents
the content presented here were intended to function as
2
standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential
F2909 Specification for Continued Airworthiness of Light-
"single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when apply-
weight Unmanned Aircraft Systems
ing this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all
F2910 Specification for Design and Construction of a Small
relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive
Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
and accurate implementation.
F2911 Practice for Production Acceptance of Small Un-
3
manned Aircraft System (sUAS) (Withdrawn 2023)
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in
F3002 Specification for Design of the Command and Con-
this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or
trol System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the
F3003 Specification for Quality Assurance of a Small Un-
respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding
3
manned Aircraft System (sUAS) (Withdrawn 2023)
its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight
F3005 Specification for Batteries for Use in Small Un-
authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as
manned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory require-
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
ments (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee
F3298 Specification for Design, Construction, and Verifica-
F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).
tion of Lightweight Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
1.3 This specification defines the UFM information that
F3341/F3341M Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Sys-
shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the
tems
initial sale or transfer to an end user.
1.4 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA
3. Terminology
approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type
3.1 Unique and Common Terminology—Terminology used
certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a
in multiple standards is defined in Terminology F3341/
UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with
F3341M, UAS Terminology Standard, and Terminology
the system.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Unmanned Aircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.03 contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
on Personnel Training, Qualification and Certification. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2908 – 18. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F2908-23. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM Int
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2908 − 18 F2908 − 23
Standard Specification for
Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned
1
Aircraft System (UAS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2908; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an unmanned
aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority
(CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and
continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance. This document has been purposefully designed within the
broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended
to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a
referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate
all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design
approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use
and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means
of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage
(www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).
1.3 This specification defines the UFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the initial sale
or transfer to an end user.
1.4 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight
permits, or other like documentation as a UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with the system.
1.5 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by the
manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.03 on Personnel
Training, Qualification and Certification.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018Aug. 1, 2023. Published September 2018August 2023. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20162018
as F2908 – 16.F2908 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F2908-18.10.1520/F2908-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2908 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2909 Specification for Continued Airworthiness of Lightweight Unmanned Aircraft Systems
F2910 Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
3
F2911 Practice for Production Acceptance of Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) (Withdrawn 2023)
F3002 Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
3
F3003 Specification for Quality Assurance of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) (Withdrawn 2023)
F3005 Specification for Batteries for Use in Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
F3298 Specification for Design, Construction, and Verification of Lightweight Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
F3341/F3341M Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Unique and Common Terminology—Terminology used in multiple standards is defined in Terminology F3341/F3341M, UAS
Terminology Standard, and Terminology F306
...

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Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

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ASTM
ASTM F3586-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Remote ID Means of Compliance to Federal Aviation Administration Regulation 14 CFR Part 89

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The general approach to this practice is to serve as an “overlay” of requirements to the ASTM F3411-22a Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking by identifying mandatory portions, substituting values as needed, overriding items that may be optional, and providing additional requirements that are beyond the scope of Specification F3411, yet are necessary to provide proper guidance to meet the requirements set forth in Part 89.  
3.2 Furthermore, this practice provides additional details on minimal testing requirements for those submitting a DOC based on this MOC.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a Means of Compliance (MOC) that gives sufficient clarity to the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) or Broadcast Module manufacturers to produce a compliant Remote ID (RID) System (RIDS) such that submitting a Declaration of Compliance2 (DOC) to this MOC will satisfy the requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 14 CFR Part 89 (Part 89) rule.3 This practice also explains what to expect from aircraft operating in compliance to this MOC.  
1.2 The FAA provided three options to comply with the Remote ID regulations: Standard Remote ID UAS, Remote ID Broadcast Modules, and FAA-recognized identification areas (FRIAs). The scope of this MOC is to cover both Standard RID and RID Broadcast Modules.  
1.3 The FRIA portion of the rule is out of scope since it provides a means to avoid the technical RID requirements by operating within administrative boundaries.  
1.4 Both SI and non-SI units are used in this document. Since this is an aviation standard and it addresses FAA rules, some units are used in preference of being consistent with industry and regulatory norms.  
1.5 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Significance and Use  
3  
Subset of Options in the F3411 Specification Considered  
4  
Requirements and Exceptions from the F3411 Specification  
5  
Alternative Applications of Specification F3411 to Meet Part 89
Requirements  
6  
MOC Requirements Not Covered by the Practice  
7  
Test Methods  
8  
Precision and Bias  
9  
Satisfaction of Rule Requirements  
10  
Keywords  
11  
ANNEX A1—Simulation Option for Accuracy Testing  
Annex A1  
APPENDIX X1—External Device for GCS Location Source Rationale  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—Power Level Rationale  
Appendix X2  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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