iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM F3002-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)

Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a consensus standard for an application to a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes. It is intended for all sUAS that are allowed to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's GAA. Unless otherwise specified by a nation's GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum gross takeoff weight of 25 kg (55 lb) or less. This specification covers general command and control (C2) requirements, C2 system spectrum requirements, C2 link requirements, UA requirements, and fly-away functionality.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is provided as a consensus standard in support of an application to a nation’s governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2014
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.01 - Airworthiness
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM F3366-19 - Standard Specification for General Maintenance Manual (GMM) for a small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F3298-19 - Standard Specification for Design, Construction, and Verification of Lightweight Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2909-19 - Standard Specification for Continued Airworthiness of Lightweight Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F3341/F3341M-23 - Standard Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F3196-18 - Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2910-22 - Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2908-23 - Standard Specification for Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014

Buy Standard

ASTM F3002-14 - Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)ASTM F3002-14 - Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM F3002-14 - Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F3002 −14
StandardSpecification for
Design of the Command and Control System for Small
1
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope transmits data over a network of some form in which noise,
interference, and phase jitter may cause degradation of the
1.1 This specification is provided as a consensus standard in
digital signal.
support of an application to a nation’s governing aviation
authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned 3.1.2 command and control (C2) link(s), n—safety-critical
aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes. radio-frequency (RF) link(s) between the ground control sta-
tion (GCS) and the unmanned aircraft (UA).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 C2 range, n—distance between GCS and UAat which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
positive control of the UA can be maintained.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 downlink, n—any RF link from UA to GCS.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 flight control system, FCS, n—composed of system
2. Referenced Documents componentsintendedtotakeGCScommandsviaaC2linkand
control flight control surfaces and propulsion systems.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The FCS may include autopilot
F2910 Specification for Design, Construction, and Test of a
functions, lost-link functions, fly-away protection functions,
Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
payload functions, and navigation functions. The FCS may be
F2911 Practice for Production Acceptance of a Small Un-
contained in one discrete component or multiple discrete
manned Aircraft System (sUAS)
components.
F3003 Specification for Quality Assurance of a Small Un-
manned Aircraft System (sUAS) 3.1.6 fly away, n—unintended flight outside of operational
3
boundaries(altitude/airspeed/lateral)astheresultofafailureof
2.2 EN Standard:
the control element or onboard systems, or both.
EN 62262 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for
electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts
3.1.7 fly-away protection system, n—a system that will
(IK code)
return the UA safely to the surface, or keep the UA within the
3
2.3 IEC Standard:
intended operational area, when the C2 link between the pilot
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP
and the UA is lost.
Code)
3.1.8 ground control station, GCS, n—a land- or sea-based
control center that provides the facilities for human control of
3. Terminology
UA.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.9 licensed band, n—any frequency or range of frequen-
3.1.1 bit error rate detection, BER, n—rate at which errors
cies in which transmission requires permission from a govern-
occur in a transmission system; applicable to any system that
ing body (for example, the Federal Communications Commis-
sion [FCC]).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on
3.1.10 link error, n—degradation of the digital signal be-
UnmannedAircraftSystemsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF38.01
tween the GCS and the UA that can be monitored by
on Airworthiness.
techniques including BER detection.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
F3002-14.
3.1.11 link integrity, n—acceptable rate of transactions com-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
pleted with undetected error.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.1.12 link timeout, n—time between the actual lost-link
the ASTM website.
3
event being validated and the system initiating the lost-link
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. procedure.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3002−14
3.1.13 lost link, n—occurrence in which the pilot in com- 6. General Requirements
mand (PIC) has lost the ability to control positively the sUAS
6.1 The following are general C2 requirements involving
because of degradation, loss or interruption of the necessary
the system components listed below:
control or monitoring link(s), or both.
6.1.1 All C2 system and UA components shall minimize
3.1.14 manufac
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM F3365-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
4.2 The intended use of this practice is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of UAS manufacturer’s quality assurance system.  
4.3 Compliance to this practice would ensure that audit programs and those who develop and execute them are following a consensus set of minimum requirements.  
4.4 This practice does not mandate either internal or external audits.  
4.5 An auditing entity cannot request or approve an audit.  
4.6 Other Audit Criteria—Other audit criteria may be included in the audit scope if specified in the audit plan. Examples include safety, technical, operational, and management requirements. Items that are outside the scope of auditable criteria may be submitted as observations for possible resolution. However, these are not binding and are not mandatory.  
4.7 Additional Services—Additional services are outside the scope of an audit objective. Examples of such services are consultation to resolve negative or open findings or any other service where the auditing entity conducts an activity other than an audit for the audited entity.  
4.8 Compliance Assurance—An audit is only an indicator of the compliance health of the facility or organization, or both, during only the period under review and therefore has limited compliance assurance and is not assumed to be exhaustive.  
4.9 Level of Review is Variable—The audit scope may vary to meet different audit objectives. For example, the audit scope may include only selected audit criteria, selected period under review, or selected portions of a facility or organization.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This practice provides requirements to enable consistent and structured examination of objective evidence for compliance that is beneficial for the UAS industry and its consumers. It is the intent of this practice to provide the necessary minimum requirements for organizations to develop audit programs and procedures.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationa...

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3364-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Independent Audit Program for Unmanned Aircraft Operators

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent audit program for unmanned aircraft system operators. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of operators bringing a new aircraft model or service to market, or for periodic review of an existing operator’s operations.  
4.2 Compliance to this practice would ensure that the audit program and those who execute it meet the consensus set of minimum requirements and qualifications.  
4.3 This practice does not mandate operator independent audits.  
4.4 Independent audits are to be conducted only at the request of the operator or the relevant CAA. This does not preclude an independent audit at the request of a court of law or arbitrator.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operator Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F3365. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2908-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) designed, manufactured, and operated in the light UAS category as defined by a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Depending on the size and complexity of the UAS, an UFM may also contain the instruction for maintenance and continuing airworthiness for owner / operator authorized maintenance. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this document as a Means of Compliance for operational or design approval, or both, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter "the Rules"), please refer to the Committee F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 This specification defines the UFM information that shall be provided by the manufacturer of a UAS as part of the initial sale or transfer to an end user.  
1.4 This specification applies to a UAS seeking a CAA approval, in the form of airworthiness certificates, type certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation as a UAS, in the configuration specified in the UFM delivered with the system.  
1.5 Any modifications that invalidate or otherwise affect the accuracy of UFM operating instructions shall be approved by the manufacturer and communicated to the regulatory authority in the certificate / permit application.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3266-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training for Remote Pilot in Command of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Endorsement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a standardized means of facilitating Remote Pilot training. The guide should be used by all individuals and agencies that train such persons.  
4.2 Successful completion of this training course neither constitutes nor implies certification or licensure from the CAA.  
4.3 This guide is intended to provide guidance to:  
4.3.1 Individuals, who are currently manned pilots (that is, FAA Part 61 or EASA FCL certificate holders), interested in pursuing academic programs and professional opportunities as a remote pilot,  
4.3.2 Individuals, who are currently remote pilots (that is, FAA under Part 107, CASA RePL under Part 101) who want to voluntarily comply with a higher standard, and  
4.3.3 Public agencies that self-certify remote pilots interested in developing unmanned aircraft systems programs.  
4.4 This guide describes required education, training, and continuing professional development for those performing as professional remote pilot. Remote Pilot courses that do not include all of the knowledge and skill objectives of this guide may not be referred to as meeting this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for two distinct readers: educators who wish to develop curricula and training courses and individual pilots wishing to raise their knowledge level for particular flight operations. The guide describes the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to safely operate unmanned aircraft for commercial purposes. A Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) may, at their discretion, use this guide to aid the development of existing or future regulations. This guide addresses powered fixed-wing, vertical-take-off and lift and rotorcraft UAS and not other potential unmanned aircraft categories (for example, glider, lighter-than-air, etc.). This guide has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the ASTM F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential “single-source-of-truth” approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant ASTM F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
1.2 When intending to utilize the information provided in this guide as a means of compliance for operational and/or design approval, it is crucial to consult with the respective oversight authority (for example, CAA) regarding its acceptable use and application. To find out which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable means of compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), please refer to the ASTM F38 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm).  
1.3 An unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is composed of the unmanned aircraft and all required on-board subsystems, payloads, control station, other required off-board subsystems, any required launch and recovery equipment, all required crew members, and command and control (C2) links between UA and the control station.  
1.4 This guide provides fundamental general knowledge, task performance and knowledge, and activities and functions for remote pilots of lightweight UAS (but not necessarily limited to UAs under 55 lb Gross Take Off Weight) or for certain CAA operational approvals using risk-based categories. Flight operations outside the scope of this guide require additional knowledge, experience, and training.  
1.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a training course outline and syllabus to determine when its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to be proficient and competent remote pilot personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see when it meets the requirements in this guide.  
1.6 A person meeting the requirem...

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3341/F3341M-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is intended to encourage the consistent use of terminology throughout all ASTM unmanned aircraft system standards and is intended to complement F3060 Standard Terminology for Aircraft. Terms already included in Terminology F3060 are not duplicated here.  
1.2 A definition adapted from a particular standard within the ASTM F38 collection of standards is not limited to use within only those standards.  
1.3 Additional terms specific to a given standard may be defined solely within that standard and not included here.  
1.4 Units—The definitions of units will be as defined in NIST SP 330, and will not be duplicated in this document. NIST SP 330 is available on the internet.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    24 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3330-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Training and the Development of Training Manuals for the UAS Operator

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for training and the development of training manuals for the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operator.  
1.2 The specification addresses the requirements or best practices, or both, for documentation and organization of a professional operator (that is, for compensation and hire) for the purposes of internal training programs and for programs offered to the general public.  
1.3 This specification supports professional entities that will receive operator certification by a CAA, and provide standards of practice for self- or third-party audit of operators of UAS.  
1.4 The standard case study used to develop this specification focused on operators of light UAS (below 1320 lb/600 kg as defined by EASA), but the specification may be applied to larger aircraft for using other methods of classification (that is, risk based classes and pilot privileges classes).  
1.5 Training manuals that do not include all the minimum requirements of this specification may not be referred to as meeting this specification.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2910-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). It is intended for all sUAS that are permitted to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA). Unless otherwise specified by a nation’s GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum takeoff gross weight of 55 lb/25 kg or less.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3002-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Design of the Command and Control System for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a consensus standard for an application to a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes. It is intended for all sUAS that are allowed to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's GAA. Unless otherwise specified by a nation's GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum gross takeoff weight of 25 kg (55 lb) or less. This specification covers general command and control (C2) requirements, C2 system spectrum requirements, C2 link requirements, UA requirements, and fly-away functionality.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is provided as a consensus standard in support of an application to a nation’s governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3423/F3423M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Vertiport Design

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for the planning, design, and establishment of vertiports intended to service vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft. These aircraft include, but are not limited to, standard category aircraft, optionally piloted aircraft, and unmanned aircraft. Aircraft not covered by this specification include VTOL aircraft less than 55 lb [25 kg]. In developing these standards, identified types of eVTOL aircraft, for example, Multi-Rotor, Lift & Cruise, Vectored Thrust, Tilt Wing, Tilt Rotor, etc., were considered. Ultimately it is up to the authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) as to how and to what extent these standards are applied. Vertiports may provide commercial or private services in support of the operation of eVTOL aircraft including, but not limited to, some or all of occupant and cargo transport, air medical, flight instruction, aerial work, aircraft rental, fueling, charging of energy storage devices, battery exchange, hangaring, and maintenance services.  
1.2 This specification is intended to support the design of civil vertiports and vertistops, however, it may also be used as a best practice document for other facilities.  
1.2.1 Vertiport  is a generic reference to the area of land, water, or structure used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of VTOL aircraft, together with associated buildings and facilities. At this time, aircraft with floats conducting water landings and takeoffs are not included in this specification.  
1.2.2 Vertistop—The same as Vertiport, except that no fueling, defueling, scheduled maintenance, scheduled repairs, or storage of aircraft is permitted. Unscheduled maintenance and repairs to return an aircraft in an AOG (Aircraft on Ground) status to a serviceable status are permissible.  
1.3 This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3411-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

  • Technical specification
    48 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off