91.010.20 - Contractual aspects
ICS 91.010.20 Details
Contractual aspects
Vertragliche Aspekte des Bauwesens
Aspects contractuels
Pogodbeni vidiki
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.010.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Contractual aspects". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 85 standards classified under ICS 91.010.20 (Contractual aspects). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document provides guidance on: a) the role of the client in the effective and efficient delivery of construction projects; b) delivery management practices which enable the client’s business case to be transformed into project outcomes in a manner which consistently realizes value for money. This document is applicable to private sector, public sector or community organizations.
- Standard66 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 LCC analysis is an economic method for evaluating a project or project alternatives over a designated study period. The method entails computing the LCC for alternative building designs or system specifications having the same purpose and then comparing them to determine which has the lowest LCC over the study period.
5.2 The LCC method is particularly suitable for determining whether the higher initial cost of a building or building system is economically justified by reductions in future costs (for example, operating, maintenance, repair, or replacement costs) when compared with an alternative that has a lower initial cost but higher future costs. If a building design or system specification has both a lower initial cost and lower future costs relative to an alternative, an LCC analysis is not needed to show that the former is the economically preferable choice.
5.3 If an investment project is not essential to the building operation (for example, replacement of existing single-pane windows with new double-pane windows), the project must be compared against the “do nothing” alternative (that is, keeping the single pane windows) in order to determine if it is cost effective. Typically the “do nothing” alternative entails no initial investment cost but has higher future costs than the proposed project.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for evaluating the life-cycle cost (LCC) of a building or building system and comparing the LCCs of alternative building designs or systems that satisfy the same functional requirements.
1.2 The LCC method measures, in present-value or annual-value terms, the sum of all relevant costs associated with owning and operating a building or building system over a specified time period.
1.3 The basic premise of the LCC method is that to an investor or decision maker all costs arising from an investment decision are potentially important to that decision, including future as well as present costs. Applied to buildings or building systems, the LCC encompasses all relevant costs over a designated study period, including the costs of designing, purchasing/leasing, constructing/installing, operating, maintaining, repairing, replacing, and disposing of a particular building design or system.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measuring cost risk enables owners of buildings and other constructed projects, architects, engineers, and contractors to measure and evaluate the cost risk exposures of their construction projects.3 Specifically, cost risk analysis (CRA) helps answer the following questions:
5.1.1 What are the probabilities for the construction contract to be bid above or below the estimated value?
5.1.2 How low or high can the total project cost be?
5.1.3 What is the appropriate amount of contingency to use?
5.1.4 What cost elements have the greatest impact on the project’s cost risk exposure?
5.2 CRA can be applied to a project's contract cost, construction cost (contract cost plus construction change orders), and project cost (construction cost plus owner's cost), depending on the users’ perspectives and needs. This practice shall refer to these different terms generally as “project cost.”
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for measuring cost risk for buildings and building systems and other constructed projects, using the Monte Carlo simulation technique as described in Guide E1369.
1.2 A computer program is required for the Monte Carlo simulation. This can be one of the commercially available software programs for cost risk analysis, or one constructed by the user.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When preparing construction, project, and program cost estimates, it is often necessary to make monetary provision for change or risk, or both, or other exigencies where information is incomplete.
4.2 Such allowance, contingency or reserve sums are employed by many persons engaged in the planning, delivery, and financing of construction work.
4.3 These users include owners, developers, facilities programmers, cost planners, estimators, schedules, architects and engineers, specification writers, operating and maintenance staff, manufacturers, educators, financial managers, and comptrollers.
4.4 Usage:
4.4.1 These sums are especially appropriate when performing the following activities:
Cost budgeting;
Conceptual, design, and construction cost estimating;
Preparing complete forecast cost for economic evaluation,
investment analysis, and approval; and
Controlling cost during planning, design, and construction.
4.4.2 In any of these activities a needed requirement, or component, of the planned construction can be known while the defined solution, design or specification, for providing this may not. The usual, and appropriate, response in these situations, is the inclusion of a monetary sum, within an estimate, to provide for this (these) requirement(s).
4.4.3 Such sums may be general or specific in scope, may be planned to be spent or may only be included as possible mitigation for unplanned events and requirements.
4.4.4 To distinguish between these sums, and in recognition of their differing purpose, they are described, and classified here, using the terms allowance, contingency, or reserve.
Note 1: Section 5 includes a generic statement of purpose for each of the three terms and provides a sub-classification that distinguishes between sums included for specific purposes and for non-specific, that is, general purposes. In cost budgeting, conceptual and design estimating especially, an estimator may intuitively recognize...
SCOPE
1.1 This classification establishes a classification for allowance, contingency, and reserve sums used in construction, project, and program estimating.
1.2 This classification applies to all construction work.
1.3 This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction (as defined and classified in Classification E1557). Rather, the classification items are cost components common to construction, project, and program estimates.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes preferred terms and definitions for concepts applicable to sustainability and sustainable development related to buildings and civil engineering works.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish, French and Russian languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements and guidance for buyer organizations, with regards to integrity and accountability in public procurement processes from the identification of needs throughout the delivering of goods, services or work contracts.
This document is applicable to use by:
a) buyer organizations;
b) contributors;
c) decision makers and their staff.
This document can have an impact on:
- individuals;
- suppliers and individuals acting in support of or on behalf of suppliers, including subcontractors; the official bodies of the member states and of the European organizations which intervene, directly or indirectly, in the public procurement process;
- organizations representing suppliers at the member state or European levels.
NOTE Further guidance for the interpretation and application of the scope and requirements of this document is provided in Annex A.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance on: a) options for engaging the market in satisfying a client’s need for new or refurbished construction works; b) the development of procurement strategies for one or more projects involving the acquisition of goods, services or any combination thereof, irrespective of complexity, size, duration or life cycle stage; c) the formulation of procurement tactics which enable identified procurement strategies to be effectively implemented. This document is applicable to the private sector, public sector or community organizations. Note A client can be a project owner or an entity within a supply chain which contracts for goods and services.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document sets out standard conditions of tender which bind the employer and tenderer to behave in a particular manner, establish what a tenderer is required to do in order to submit a compliant tender, make known the evaluation criteria to tenderers, and establish the manner in which the employer conducts the process of offer and acceptance and provide the necessary feedback to tenderers on the outcomes of the process. This document is intended for use in procurements relating to goods, services and construction works and disposals other than by auction.
- Standard71 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document sets out standard conditions for the calling for expressions of interest which a) bind the employer and respondent to behave in a particular manner, b) establish what is required for a respondent to submit a compliant submission, c) make known to respondents the evaluation criteria, and d) establish the manner in which the employer conducts the process of calling for expressions of interest. This document is intended for use in procurements relating to goods, services and construction works and certain disposals other than by auction.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes, in respect of supply, services and construction contracts, at both main and subcontract levels, a) a format for the compilation of 1) calls for expressions of interest, 2) tender and contract documents, and b) the general principles for compiling procurement documents. NOTE 1: Annex A contains commentary on the clauses in this document. NOTE 2: This document can also be used, with some adaptation, in the formatting and compilation of concession contracts, design, build and operate contracts and contracts involving disposals. NOTE 3: ISO 10845-1:2020, Annex G provides guidance on the development of auction data.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes processes, methods and procedures for the establishment within an organization of a procurement system for goods, services, and construction works or disposals, or any combination thereof that is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. This document a) describes generic procurement processes around which an employer can develop its procurement system, b) establishes basic requirements for the conduct of an employer's employees, agents, board members and office bearers when engaging in procurement, c) establishes the framework for the development of an employer's procurement policy, including any secondary procurement policy, and d) establishes generic methods and procedures for procurements, including those pertaining to disposals. This document provides a generic and standard set of processes, procedures and methods for a procurement system which can be applied by both the public and private sector organizations in the development of their procurement system. The principles contained in this document can also be applied down the supply chain. This document enables organizations to develop in the first instance a generic procurement system and then to identify the methods and procedures best suited to particular categories of procurement.
- Standard112 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Program and project estimates are a necessary part of planning and implementing any program of work.
4.2 These estimates are used by persons involved in the planning and management of programs and projects. They are an essential part of establishing initial budgets and provide a framework for continuing updates permitting cost control through the life of a program and its various projects.
4.3 Users include owners, developers, facilities programmers, financial managers, company controllers, executives, program managers, project managers, and specialist cost planners including life cycle cost analysts.
4.4 They are also of use in risk management, and also provide a consistent list of major activity phases for use in program and project time schedules.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification establishes a classification of cost summaries for use when estimating program and project costs.
1.2 This classification can be applied to construction programs and projects that include one or more construction work projects.
1.3 This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction (as defined and classified in Classification E1557 for example); rather, the classification items are cost components common to most program and project estimates.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The BCR and SIR provide measures of economic performance in a single number that indicates whether a proposed building or building system is preferred over a mutually exclusive alternative that serves as the base for computing the ratio. It may be contrasted with the life-cycle cost (LCC) method that requires two LCC measures to evaluate the economic performance of a building or building system—one for each alternative.
5.2 The ratio indicates discounted dollar benefits (or savings) per dollar of discounted costs.
5.3 The BCR or SIR can be used to determine if a given building or building system is economic relative to the alternative of not having it.
5.4 The BCR or SIR computed on increments of benefits (or savings) and costs can be used to determine if one design or size of a building or system is more economic than another.
5.5 The BCR or SIR can be used as an aid to select the economically efficient set of projects among many competing for limited funding. The efficient set of projects will maximize aggregate net benefits or net savings obtainable for the budget.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) and savings-to-investment ratios (SIR) as an aid for making building-related decisions.
1.2 A basic premise of the BCR and SIR methods is that future as well as present benefits and costs arising from a decision are important to that decision, and, if measurable in dollars, should be included in calculating the BCR and SIR.
1.3 Dollar amounts used to calculate BCR and SIR are all discounted, that is, expressed in time-equivalent dollars, either in present value or uniform annual value terms.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The IRR method has been used traditionally in finance and economics to measure the percentage yield on investment.
5.1.1 The IRR method is appropriate in most cases for evaluating whether a given building or building system will be economically efficient, that is, whether its time-adjusted benefits will exceed its time-adjusted costs over the period of concern to the decision-maker. However, it has deficiencies that limit its usefulness in choosing among projects competing for a limited budget.
5.2 The AIRR method is a measure of the overall rate of return that an investor can expect from an investment over a designated study period. It is appropriate both for evaluating whether a given building or building system will be economically efficient and for choosing among alternatives competing for a limited budget.
5.2.1 The AIRR method overcomes some, but not all, of the deficiencies of the IRR. The AIRR is particularly recommended over the IRR for allocating limited funding among competing projects.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting the internal rate of return (IRR) and adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR) measures in the evaluation of building designs, systems, and equipment.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The NB (NS) method provides a measure of the economic performance of an investment, taking into account all relevant monetary values associated with that investment over the investor’s study period. The NB (NS) measure can be expressed in either present value or equivalent annual value terms, taking into account the time value of money.
5.2 The NB (NS) method is used to decide if a given project is cost effective and which size or design for a given purpose is most cost effective when no budget constraint exists.
5.3 The NB (NS) method can also be used to determine the most cost effective combination of projects for a limited budget; that is, the combination of projects having the greatest aggregate NB (NS) and fitting within the budget constraint.
5.4 Use the NB method when the focus is on the benefits rather than project costs.
5.5 Use the NS method when the focus in on project savings (that is, reductions in project costs).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a recommended procedure for calculating and interpreting the net benefits (NB) and net savings (NS) methods in the evaluation of building designs and systems.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Investments in long-lived projects such as buildings are characterized by uncertainties regarding project life, operation and maintenance costs, revenues, and other factors that affect project economics. Since future values of these variable factors are generally not known, it is difficult to make reliable economic evaluations.
5.2 The traditional approach to project investment analysis has been to apply economic methods of project evaluation to best-guess estimates of project input variables as if they were certain estimates and then to present results in single-value, deterministic terms. When projects are evaluated without regard to uncertainty of inputs to the analysis, decision-makers may have insufficient information to measure and evaluate the risk of investing in a project having a different outcome from what is expected.
5.3 Risk analysis is the body of theory and practice that has evolved to help decision-makers assess their risk exposures and risk attitudes so that the investment that is the best bet for them can be selected.
Note 1: The decision-maker is the individual or group of individuals responsible for the investment decision. For example, the decision-maker may be the chief executive officer or the board of directors.
5.4 Uncertainty and risk are defined as follows. Uncertainty (or certainty) refers to a state of knowledge about the variable inputs to an economic analysis. If the decision-maker is unsure of input values, there is uncertainty. If the decision-maker is sure, there is certainty. Risk refers either to risk exposure or risk attitude.
5.4.1 Risk exposure is the probability of investing in a project that will have a less favorable economic outcome than what is desired (the target) or is expected.
5.4.2 Risk attitude, also called risk preference, is the willingness of a decision-maker to take a chance or gamble on an investment of uncertain outcome. The implications of decision-makers having different risk attitudes i...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques for treating uncertainty in input values to an economic analysis of a building investment project. It also recommends techniques for evaluating the risk that a project will have a less favorable economic outcome than what is desired or expected.2
1.2 The techniques include breakeven analysis, sensitivity analysis, risk-adjusted discounting, the mean-variance criterion and coefficient of variation, decision analysis, simulation, and stochastic dominance.
1.3 The techniques can be used with economic methods that measure economic performance, such as life-cycle cost analysis, net benefits, the benefit-to-cost ratio, internal rate of return, and payback.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Standard practices for measuring the economic performance of investments in buildings and building systems have been published by ASTM. A computer program that produces economic measures consistent with these practices is available.4 Discount Factor Tables has been published by ASTM to facilitate computing measures of performance for most of the practices.
4.2 This guide can be used to: (1) identify types of building design and system decisions that require economic analysis; (2) match the technically appropriate economic methods with the decisions; and (3) locate the methods in the ASTM practices and adjuncts listed in Section 2.
4.3 More than one method can be technically appropriate for many building decisions. Therefore the choice in practice of which technically appropriate economic method to use for evaluating a particular building decision will often depend on the perspective of the user. Some examples of factors that influence the user are: (1) ease of applying the methods, (2) level of familiarity of the user with the methods, (3) preference of the user for different methods, and (4) presence of budget limitations for the projects.
4.4 This guide identifies some features and limitations of the methods that might influence users' choices under varying conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies types of building design and building system decisions that require economic analysis and recommends ASTM practices, adjuncts, and computer programs that may be used to implement the appropriate economic methods for each decision type.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 6707-2:2017 defines terms applicable to contracts and communication in relation to buildings and civil engineering works.
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IEC 62337:2012 defines specific phases and milestones in the commissioning of electrical, instrumentation and control systems in the process industry. By way of example, it describes activities following the "completion-of-erection" milestone of the project and prior to the "acceptance-of-the-plant" phase by the owner. Such activities need to be adapted for each type of process/plant concerned. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition is: the definition of the documents mentioned in this standard is in accordance with future IEC 62708. The contents of the corrigendum of December 2012 have been included in this copy.
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ISO 10845-7:2011 establishes a key performance indicator in the form of a contract participation goal (CPG) relating to the engagement of local enterprises and labour on a contract for the provision of services or engineering and construction works. A CPG may be used to measure the outcomes of a contract in relation to the engagement of local enterprises and labour or to establish a target level of performance for the contractor to achieve or exceed in the performance of a contract. ISO 10845-7:2011 sets out the methods by which the key performance indicator is measured, quantified and verified in the performance of the contract in respect of two different targeting strategies: targeting strategy A and targeting strategy B.
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ISO 10845-8:2011 establishes a key performance indicator, in the form of a contract participation goal (CPG), relating to the engagement of targeted labour on a contract for the provision of services or engineering and construction works. A CPG may be used to measure the outcomes of a contract in relation to the engagement of targeted labour or to establish a target level of performance for the contractor to achieve or exceed in the performance of a contract. ISO 10845-8:2011 sets out the methods by which the key performance indicator is measured, quantified and verified in the performance of the contract in respect of two different targeting strategies: targeting strategy A and targeting strategy B.
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ISO 10845-5:2011 establishes a key performance indicator, in the form of a contract participation goal (CPG), relating to the engagement of targeted enterprises on a contract for the provision of goods, services or engineering and construction works. A CPG may be used to measure the outcomes of a contract in relation to the engagement of targeted enterprises or to establish a target level of performance for the contractor to achieve or exceed in the performance of a contract. ISO 10845-5:2011 sets out the methods by which the key performance indicator is measured, quantified and verified in the performance of the contract in respect to two different targeting strategies: targeting strategy A and targeting strategy B.
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ISO 10845-6:2011 establishes a key performance indicator, in the form of a contract participation goal, relating to the engagement of targeted partners in a joint venture on a contract for the provision of goods, services or engineering and construction works. A contract participation goal may be used to measure the outcomes of a contract in relation to the engagement of targeted partners in a joint venture or to establish a target level of performance for the contractor to achieve or exceed in the performance of a contract. ISO 10845-6:2011 sets out the methods by which the key performance indicator can be measured, quantified and verified in the performance of the contract in respect of two different targeting strategies: targeting strategy A and targeting strategy B.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62337:2006 defines specific phases and milestones in the commissioning of electrical, instrumentation and control systems in the process industry. By way of example, it describes activities following the "completion-of-erection" milestone of the project and prior to the "acceptance-of-the-plant" phase by the owner. Such activities need to be adapted for each type of process/plant concerned. This bilingual version (2013-05) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in 2006-11. It cancels and replaces IEC/PAS 62337 published in 2002. This first edition constitutes a technical revision.
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- Draft28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 6707-3:2017 establishes preferred terms and definitions for concepts applicable to sustainability and sustainable development related to buildings and civil engineering works. NOTE It focuses on concepts that have been standardized and/or applied through publication of individual International Standards within ISO/TC 59/SC 17 and on terms and definitions of concepts frequently encountered in the literature of buildings and other types of construction works that relate to sustainable development.
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ISO 6707-2:2014 defines terms applicable to contracts related to buildings and civil engineering works.
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ISO 10845-2:2011 establishes, in respect of supply, services and engineering and construction works contracts, at both main and subcontract level, a format for the compilation of calls for expressions of interest, tender and contract documents, and the general principles for compiling procurement documents.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 10845-3:2011 sets out standard conditions of tender which bind the employer and tenderer to behave in a particular manner, establish what a tenderer is required to do in order to submit a compliant tender, make known the evaluation criteria to tenderers, and establish the manner in which the employer conducts the process of offer and acceptance and provide the necessary feedback to tenderers on the outcomes of the process. ISO 10845-3:2011 is intended for use in procurements relating to goods, services and construction works and disposals other than by auction.
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ISO 10845-4:2011 sets out standard conditions for the calling for expressions of interest which bind the employer and respondent to behave in a particular manner, establish what is required for a respondent to submit a compliant submission, make known to respondents the evaluation criteria, and establish the manner in which the employer conducts the process of calling for expressions of interest. ISO 10845-4:2011 is intended for use in procurements relating to goods, services and construction works and certain disposals other than by auction.
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ISO 10845-1:2010 describes processes, methods and procedures for the establishment within an organization of a procurement system that is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. ISO 10845-1:2010 describes generic procurement processes around which an employer can develop its procurement system, establishes basic requirements for the conduct of an employer's employees, agents, board members and office bearers when engaging in procurement, establishes the framework for the development of an employer's procurement policy, including any secondary procurement policy, and establishes generic methods and procedures for procurements, including those pertaining to disposals.
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Defines 179 terms in English and French arranged in alphabetical order in English within the following eight categories: general concepts, project information, design phase, contracts, financial, construction, post-construction maintenance, persons involved.
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