59.140.20 - Raw skins, hides and pelts
ICS 59.140.20 Details
Raw skins, hides and pelts
Rohhaute. Felle
Peaux brutes et peaux traitées
Surove kože, kože in kožuhi
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 59.140.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Raw skins, hides and pelts". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 33 standards classified under ICS 59.140.20 (Raw skins, hides and pelts). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
This document defines various preservation methods for raw hides. These preservation methods are intended to suppress microbiological activity and to maintain the quality and commercial value of the hides during storage. This document applies to all raw hides of cattle and horses.
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This document provides guidelines for various preservation methods for raw goat and sheep skins. The preservation methods are needed to suppress microbiological activity and to maintain the quality of the skins during storage.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate whether sufficient salt (NaCl) has been retained by the hides or skins to slow down degradation by bacterial (enzymatic) action, and to slow down autolysis by inherent enzymatic action, until they are preserved by a tanning process.
Note 2: Osmosis occurs during brine curing because moisture is drawn out by salt through the epidermis.4 Low moisture (
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of degree of saturation of the brine content of cured (salt-preserved) hides and skins containing 40 % or more moisture.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of salt-preserved hides and skins for physical and chemical tests. Fresh or salt-preserved hides are natural products and as such are subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical properties vary considerably depending on location on that specific hide, side, or skin from which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice defines these parameters.
3.2 In general, tests carried out upon fresh or salt-preserved hides require composite lot samples generated using the preparation methods described within this practice. Subsequent tests typically require those composite samples to be in two forms:
3.2.1 Expressed Hide Fluid—where residual hide fluid is pressed from cleaned individual hair-on or de-haired hide sample, then equal volumes of each extracted fluid are blended together to create the composite sample.
Note 1: Sample may be de-haired prior to pressing.
3.2.2 Hide Material Sample—where equal quantities of cleaned hair-on or de-haired hide material are blended together to create a representative composite sample.
Note 2: Samples may be de-haired prior to compositing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling and preparation of fresh or salt-preserved (cured) hides for physical and chemical tests. The hides or skins to be tested are grouped into lots. Each lot is randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of that lot. This lot sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 17551:2018 provides guidance for grading pickled sheep pelts based on size and defects.
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ISO/TR 2822-2:2017 provides guidelines for grading cattle hides and calf skins on the basis of mass. It lists the practices followed in those countries that produce cattle hides and calf skins.
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ISO/TR 2822-3:2017 provides guidelines for the grading of raw cattle hides and calf skins based on visible defects.
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This European Standard establishes the following for raw bovine hides and skins intended for the manufacture of leather:
- terms and definitions;
- rules for presenting raw hides and skins.
It applies to fresh and cured bovine hides and skins.
It is not the aim of this document to interfere with the normal commercial agreement between the buyer and the hide and skin supplier. This European Standard may be used in case of disagreement between the two parties.
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ISO 11398:2012 provides descriptions of defects in raw ostrich skins and guidelines for the presentation and grading of ostrich skins based on these defects.
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This International Standard describes the presentation of crocodile skins and defects which may occur. It provides guidelines for grading crocodile skins on the basis of defects, size (length) and origin.
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This European Standard establishes the following for raw bovine hides and skins intended for the manufacture of leather:
- terms and definitions;
- rules for presenting raw hides and skins.
It applies to fresh and cured bovine hides and skins.
It is not the aim of this document to interfere with the normal commercial agreement between the buyer and the hide and skin supplier. This European Standard may be used in case of disagreement between the two parties.
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ISO 28499-1:2009 describes the defects which can occur on buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins intended for tanning. It applies to water-buffalo hides and water-buffalo calf skins and not to those of wild buffalo and American bison (Bison bison).
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ISO 28499-2:2009 provides guidance on the classification of raw, wet-salted, dry-salted and dried buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins intended for tanning. It applies to water-buffalo hides and water-buffalo calf skins and not to those of wild buffalo and American bison (Bison bison).
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ISO 28499-3:2009 provides guidance on the classification of raw or cured, trimmed buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins, intended for tanning, on the basis of visually apparent defects. It applies to water-buffalo hides and water-buffalo calf skins and not to those of wild buffalo and American bison (Bison bison).
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ISO 7482-2:2005 prescribes guidelines for the classification of raw or cured, trimmed goat skins on the basis of visually apparent defects.
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This part of ISO 7482 prescribes guidelines for grading raw goat skins in the fresh and the cured (including sundried) condition on the basis of their mass and size.
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This part of ISO 4683 specifies a system for the designation and presentation of fine- and coarse-wooled sheep skins still bearing their wool which are intended for the leather or fur industry. It applies to fresh, raw-dried, wet-salted, dry-salted or pickled sheep skins.
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Contains minor technical amendments only.
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- Standard1 pageFrench languagesale 15% off
Contains minor technical amendments only.
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Applicable to all cattle and horse raw hides, obtained after slaughtering and flaying, intended for the tanning industrie. Two figures show the shape requirements.
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Applies to all raw and skins of cattle and horses but not to buffalo hides. Short description of nature and origin of preserving process defects. Gives rules of application for dehydration by means of a homogenous mixture of salt and chemical products.
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This document specifies the following for raw bovine hides and skins intended for use throughout the leather manufacturing supply chain:
- Terms and definitions;
- Rules for the presentation of raw hides and skins.
It applies to fresh and salted bovine hides and skins.
It is not the aim of this document to interfere with the normal commercial agreement between the buyer and the supplier of hides and skins, on the contrary, it should be able to be used as a basis. This document is intended to avoid disagreements between parties. It is the result of discussions with representatives of agriculture, slaughterhouses, skin trade and tanneries. It shows which parts of hides and skins can be used for leather production and which factors influence the quality of hides and skins.
Furthermore, it gives recommendations on precautions to be taken for transport, preservation, loading and unloading, selection of tanned hides, classification of hides, weight, loss and tax exemption, identification of hides.
- Draft19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the following for raw bovine hides and skins intended for use throughout the leather manufacturing supply chain:
- Terms and definitions;
- Rules for the presentation of raw hides and skins.
It applies to fresh and salted bovine hides and skins.
It is not the aim of this document to interfere with the normal commercial agreement between the buyer and the supplier of hides and skins, on the contrary, it should be able to be used as a basis. This document is intended to avoid disagreements between parties. It is the result of discussions with representatives of agriculture, slaughterhouses, skin trade and tanneries. It shows which parts of hides and skins can be used for leather production and which factors influence the quality of hides and skins.
Furthermore, it gives recommendations on precautions to be taken for transport, preservation, loading and unloading, selection of tanned hides, classification of hides, weight, loss and tax exemption, identification of hides.
- Draft19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO/TS 11308:2011 provides guidelines for the characterization of SWCNT-containing samples by the use of TGA, performed in an air environment. Guidance is provided on purity assessment of SWCNT samples through a quantitative measure of the non-carbon impurity (i.e. metal catalyst) level within the material.
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