ISO 11398:2012

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11398
First edition
2012-05-15
Raw ostrich skins — Description of
defects, guidelines for presentation and
grading on basis of defects
Peaux brutes d’autruche — Description des défauts, lignes directrices
pour la présentation et classement sur la base des défauts
Reference number
ISO 11398:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 11398:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 11398:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11398 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 120, Leather, Subcommittee SC 1, Raw hides and
skins, including pickled pelts.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11398:2012(E)
Raw ostrich skins — Description of defects, guidelines for
presentation and grading on basis of defects
1 Scope
This International Standard provides descriptions of defects in raw ostrich skins and guidelines for the
presentation and grading of ostrich skins based on these defects.
2 Terms related to external parasites and diseases which cause defects in ostrich skins
The following terms and definitions deal with parasites and diseases that contribute to defects (such as rashes,
grown-in feathers, pit marks and marks from inoculation) in ostrich skins.
2.1 External parasites
2.1.1
mite
small arthropod belonging to the subclass Acarina (also known as Acari) and the class Arachnida
NOTE This parasite lodges on the body of ostrich and suck the blood, causing small punctures or wounds. Mites are
also vectors for numerous diseases.
2.1.2
tick
small arachnid in the order Ixodida, subclass Acarina
NOTE Ticks are ectoparasites (external parasites), living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and
occasionally reptiles and amphibians. This parasite lodges on the body of ostrich and sucks the blood, causing small
punctures or wounds. Ticks are also vectors of numerous diseases.
2.2 Bacterial diseases
2.2.1
omphalitis
yolk sacculitis
condition characterized by infected yolk sacs, often accompanied by unhealed navels in young birds
NOTE Omphalitis is infectious and is caused by opportunistic bacteria such as coliforms, staphylococci, pseudomonas
specie and proteus specie.
2.2.2
botulism
food poisoning caused by ingesting the toxins of clostridium botulinum
NOTE Flaccid paralysis is usually seen in the legs, wings, necks and eyelid of the birds affected by botulism.
2.2.3
anthrax
acute infectious disease caused by bacillus anthracis and characterized by rapidly fatal septicaemia
2.2.4
camplyopbacteriosis
semi-acute to chronic disease caused by gram negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni and resulting in
inflammation, cramps, and progressive weakness
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 11398:2012(E)
2.2.5
necrotic enteritis
acute disease that may affect ostriches at any age and which is caused mainly by Clostridium perfringens
NOTE This disease spreads quickly through droppings and by direct contact. It is sometimes related to mud eating.
2.2.6
ulcerative enteritis
acute disease that may affect ostriches at any age and which is caused mainly by Clostridium colinum
NOTE This disease spreads quickly through droppings and by direct contact. It is sometimes related to mud eating.
2.3 Viral diseases
2.3.1
newcastle disease
highly contagious and destructive disease caused by the newcastle virus of genus avulavirus which causes gasping,
coughing, nervous depression, muscular tremor, dropping wings, twisting of head and neck, complete paralysis
2.3.2
avian pox
slow spreading disease, characterized by wart-like lesions on the skin of the head, eyelids, around the external
ear opening, on the beak and on the skin of the neck
2.3.3
avian influenza
illness caused by many different strains of influenza virus that have adapted to a specific host
NOTE Avian influenza is characterized by respiratory signs, rales, excessive lacrimation, sinusitis, and oedema of the
head and face.
2.4 Mycotic diseases
2.4.1
aspergillosis
respiratory disease caused by the fungus aspergillus fumigatus
NOTE These are characterized by gross lesions in the lung, decreased appetite and stunting.
2.4.2
candidiasis
disease, caused by the fungus candida moniliformis, which affects the mucus of the mouth and esophagus,
causing norexia, dehydration and death
2.5
nutritional disorder
nutritional deficiency of an ostrich which affects the general condition of the body and skin of ostrich
3 Terms related to defects in ostrich skins
3.1 Ante-mortem defects
3.1.1
hole
empty space, resulting from an unhealed scar, that goes through the skin
NOTE  Holes are normally classified according to size, i.e. 40 mm, 80 mm and 120 mm.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 11398:2012(E)
3.1.2
cut
opening, resulting from an unhealed scar, that goes through the skin
3.1.3
scar
mark remaining as the result of a wound
NOTE Scars are typically manifest as kick marks, brand marks, holes, chemical burns, white spots and scabs.
3.1.4
wound
injury to living tissue caused by an impact
NOTE Wounds may be categorized as raw, partially healed or healed
...