ISO 80079-36:2016

ISO 80079-36
Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Explosive atmospheres –
Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Basic method
and requirements
Atmosphères explosives –
Partie 36: Appareils non électriques destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères
explosives – Méthodologie et exigences

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ISO 80079-36
Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Explosive atmospheres –
Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Basic method

and requirements
Atmosphères explosives –
Partie 36: Appareils non électriques destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères

explosives – Méthodologie et exigences

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.230; 29.260.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-3202-6

– 2 – ISO 80079-36:2016  ISO 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references. 14
3 Terms and definitions . 15
4 EPL and equipment groups . 18
4.1 EPL . 18
4.2 Group I . 18
4.3 Group II . 18
4.4 Group III . 19
4.5 Equipment for specific explosive gas atmospheres . 19
5 Ignition hazard assessment . 19
5.1 General requirements . 19
5.2 Procedure of ignition hazard assessment . 20
5.2.1 Formal Ignition hazard identification and assessment . 20
5.2.2 Group I equipment assessment . 21
5.2.3 Group II and III equipment assessment . 21
5.2.4 Assessment with malfunctions . 22
5.2.5 Basic information necessary for the ignition hazard assessments . 22
5.2.6 Ignition hazard assessment report . 22
6 Assessment of possible ignition sources and control means . 23
6.1 General . 23
6.2 Hot surfaces . 23
6.2.1 General . 23
6.2.2 Ambient temperatures . 23
6.2.3 Establishing the maximum surface temperature . 23
6.2.4 Group I equipment . 24
6.2.5 Group II equipment . 24
6.2.6 Special cases for Group I and Group II equipment . 25
6.2.7 Group III equipment . 26
6.3 Flames and hot gases (including hot particles) . 26
6.4 Mechanically generated sparks and hot surfaces . 26
6.4.1 General . 26
6.4.2 Assessment of sparks generated by single impacts . 26
6.4.3 Assessment of sparks and hot surfaces generated by friction . 28
6.4.4 External equipment parts containing light metals. 29
6.5 Electrical ignition sources except stray current . 29
6.6 Stray electric currents, cathodic corrosion protection . 29
6.6.1 Internal sources . 29
6.6.2 External sources . 29
6.7 Static electricity. 29
6.7.1 General . 29
6.7.2 Connection facilities for earthing conducting parts . 30
6.7.3 Prevention of highly efficient charge generating mechanisms (leading to
propagating brush discharges on non-conductive layers and coatings) . 30
6.7.4 Equipment group I . 30

6.7.5 Equipment group II . 31
6.7.6 Equipment group III . 31
6.8 Adiabatic compression and shock waves . 32
6.9 Exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts . 32
7 Additional considerations . 32
7.1 Dust deposits and other material in the gap of moving parts . 32
7.2 Dust deposits and other material in the flame arresters incorporated in the
equipment . 33
7.3 Opening times of enclosures . 33
7.4 Non-metallic enclosures and non-metallic parts of the equipment . 33
7.4.1 General . 33
7.4.2 Specification of the materials . 33
7.4.3 Thermal endurance . 33
7.5 Removable parts . 33
7.6 Materials used for cementing . 33
7.7 Light transmitting parts . 34
7.8 Stored energy . 34
8 Verification and tests . 34
8.1 General . 34
8.2 Determination of the maximum surface temperature . 34
8.2.1 General . 34
8.2.2 Hot Surface Ignition Test . 36
8.3 Mechanical tests . 37
8.3.1 Test for resistance to impact . 37
8.3.2 Drop test . 37
8.3.3 Required results . 37
8.4 Additional tests of non-metallic parts of the equipment relevant for explosion
protection . 37
8.4.1 Test temperatures . 37
8.4.2 Tests for Group I equipment . 37
8.4.3 Tests for Group II and III equipment . 38
8.4.4 Thermal endurance to heat . 38
8.4.5 Thermal endurance to cold . 39
8.4.6 Resistance to chemical substances for Group I equipment . 39
8.4.7 Mechanical resistance tests . 39
8.4.8 Surface resistance test of non-conductive parts of the equipment
relevant for explosion prevention and protection . 39
8.4.9 Thermal shock test . 39
9 Documentation . 39
9.1 Technical documentation . 39
9.2 Conformity with the documentation . 40
9.3 Certificate . 40
9.4 Responsibility for marking . 40
10 Instructions. 40
11 Marking . 41
11.1 Location . 41
11.2 General . 41
11.3 Warning markings . 42
11.4 Marking on very small equipment . 43

– 4 – ISO 80079-36:2016  ISO 2016
11.5 Examples of marking . 43
Annex A (informative) Methodology for confirming the EPL . 44
A.1 Methodology for confirming the EPL of Group I . 44
A.1.1 EPL Ma . 44
A.1.2 EPL Mb . 44
A.2 Methodology for confirming the EPL of Group II and III . 44
A.2.1 EPL Ga and Da . 44
A.2.2 EPL Gb and Db . 44
A.2.3 EPL Gc and Dc . 44
Annex B (informative) Explanation of the ignition hazard assessment procedure . 45
B.1 Overview. 45
B.1.1 General . 45
B.1.2 Reporting with the help of a table . 45
B.2 Assessment Procedure . 45
B.3 Assessment Steps . 46
B.3.1 Identification of Ignition Hazards . 46
B.3.2 Determination of measures . 47
B.3.3 Concluding ignition hazard estimation and categorisation . 48
B.3.4 Determination of the EPL . 48
Annex C (informative) Examples of ignition hazard assessment . 49
C.1 General remarks . 49
C.2 Examples for common cases demonstrating the use of the scheme . 49
C.3 Example of an ignition hazard assessment for a pump . 56
C.4 Example of an ignition hazard assessment for an agitator . 60
Annex D (normative) Charging tests with non-conductive materials . 71
D.1 General . 71
D.2 Principle of the test . 71
D.3 Samples and apparatus . 72
D.4 Procedure . 72
D.4.1 Conditioning . 72
D.4.2 Determination of the most efficient charging method . 72
Annex E (informative) Consideration of misuse which can reasonably be anticipated
during ignition hazard assessment procedure . 76
E.1 General . 76
E.2 Identification and analysis of the ignition hazards . 76
E.3 First assessment of the ignition hazards . 76
E.4 Determination of safety measures . 76
E.5 Final assessment of the ignition hazards . 77
Annex F (informative) Development of different types of incendive electrostatic
discharges . 78
Annex G (normative) Protection concepts of types of protection "d", "p" and "t"
acceptable for non-electrical equipment . 79
Annex H (informative) Volume dependence of auto-ignition temperature . 80
Annex I (informative) Relationship between Equipment protection levels (EPLs) and
zones . 82
Bibliography . 83

Figure 1 – Relationship between ignition source definitions . 20

Figure D.1 – Rubbing with a pure polyamide cloth . 74
Figure D.2 – Discharging the charged surface of the test piece with a probe connected
to earth via a 0,1 µF capacitor . 74
Figure D.3 – Charging by the influence of a DC high voltage power . 75
Figure F.1 – Different types of incendive electrostatic discharges . 78
Figure H.1 – Volume dependence of auto-ignition temperature . 81

Table 1 – Applicability of specific clauses of IEC 60079-0 . 10
Table 2 – Classification of maximum surface temperatures for Group II equipment . 24
Table 3 – Assessment for temperature classification for small surface areas . 25
Table 4 – Single impact energy limits for EPL Ga . 28
Table 5 – Single impact energy limits for EPL Gb . 28
Table 6 – Single impact energy limits for EPL Gc . 28
Table 7 – Single impact energy limits for EPL Da, Db and Dc . 28
Table 8 – Permitted maximum projected areas for non-conductive parts of equipment
liable to become electrostatically charged . 31
Table 9 – Thermal endurance test . 38
Table 10 – Ambient temperature marking . 42
Table 11 – Text of warning markings . 42
Table B.1 –Table showing recommended documentation of an example of initial
assessment of equipment related ignition sources . 46
Table B.2 – Example for reporting of the identification of ignition hazards (step 1) and
the first assessment (step 2) . 47
Table B.3 – Example for reporting of the determination of protective measures (step 3)
and the concluding estimation and categorisation (step 4) . 48
Table C.1 – List of examples . 49
Table C.2 – Common cases demonstrating the use of the scheme – Electrostatic
discharge . 50
Table C.3 – Common cases demonstrating the use of the scheme – Hot surface . 52
Table C.4 – Common cases demonstrating the use of the scheme – Mechanical spark . 54
Table C.5 – Ignition hazard assessment report for a pump . 57
Table C.6 – Ignition hazard assessment report for an agitator . 61
Table H.1 – AITs of combustibles taken from IEC 60079-20-1 as contained in Figure H.1. . 80
Table I.1 – Relationship between Equipment protection levels (EPLs) and zones . 82

– 6 – ISO 80079-36:2016  ISO 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –
Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres –
Basic method and requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 80079-36 has been prepared by IEC sub-committee 31M: Non-
electrical equipment and protective systems for explosive atmospheres, of IEC 31: Equipment
for explosive atmospheres.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents of the IEC:
FDIS Report on voting
31M/103/FDIS 31M/109/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table. In ISO, the standard has been approved by 15 P members
out of 22 having cast a vote.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

"A list of all parts in the IEC 60079 series, under the general title Explosive atmospheres, as
well as the International Standard 80079 series, can be found on the IEC website."
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 8 – ISO 80079-36:2016  ISO 2016
INTRODUCTION
This part of ISO/IEC 80079 addresses for the first time basic requirements and protection
concepts for mechanical explosion protected equipment on an international level. Up to now,
with some exceptions, only the design, manufacture, installation and operation of electrical
equipment in explosive atmospheres have been addressed in ISO and IEC standards.
Examples of non-electrical equipment are: couplings, pumps, gearboxes, brakes, hydraulic
and pneumatic motors and any combination of devices to realise a machine, fan, engine,
compressor, assemblies, etc.
Although many but not all of such machines use an explosion protected electric motor for
motive power the measures needed to reduce the risk of ignition in mechanical equipment as
part of the machine may be different to those applied to electrical equipment.
Whereas electrical equipment working within design parameters often contains effective
ignition sources such as sparking parts, this is not necessarily true for mechanical equipment
which is designed to operate without break-down between predetermined maintenance
operations.
Generally there are two mechanical ignition scenarios that need to be considered. These are,
ignition resulting from a failure in the machine such as a bearing over-heating or ignition
created by the normal functioning of the machine such as a hot brake surface.
Experience has shown that it is essential to perform a comprehensive ignition hazard
assessment on the complete mechanical equipment to identify all potential ignition sources
and determine if they can become effective ignition sources during the expected lifetime of
the mechanical equipment. Once these ignition risks are understood and documented it is
then possible to assign protective measures, depending on the required Equipment Protection
Level (EPL), to minimise the probability that these ignition sources will become effective.
This standard addresses mechanical equipment and assemblies intended for the generation,
transfer, storage, measurement, control and conversion of energy and/or the processing of
material and which are capable of causing an explosion through their own potential sources of
ignition.
Potential ignition sources are not limited to those created by the equipment but include any
ignition sources created by the operation of the equipment; for example hot surfaces when
pumping hot fluids or electrostatic charging when handling plastics.
If the only source of ignition of an item comes from the external process such items are not
considered to have their own source of ignition, and they are not in the scope of this part of
ISO/IEC 80079.
NOTE Examples are items made from plastics (polymers) like plastic pipes and containers that can become
charged due to an external process (and not by the operation of the equipment), or items that can become hot due
to an external process (like a pipe). These are not considered to be “non-electrical equipment" on their own. If on
the other hand such items are incorporated into non-electrical equipment, and could become an ignition source by
the intended operation of the equipment, they need to be assessed together with the equipment under
consideration (for example a plastic pipe as part of a petrol dispenser could become charged due to the operation
of this dispenser).
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –
Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres –
Basic method and requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 80079 specifies the basic method and requirements for design,
construction, testing and marking of non-electrical Ex equipment, Ex Components, protective
systems, devices and assemblies of these products that have their own potential ignition
sources and are intended for use in explosive atmospheres.
Hand tools and manually operated equipment without energy storage are excluded from the
scope of this standard. This standard does not address the safety of static autonomous
process equipment when it is not part of equipment referred to in this standard.
NOTE 1 Static autonomous process equipment includes items such as tanks, vessels, fixed pipework and hand
operated valves which do not have their own source of energy that could create a potential ignition source during
operation.
This standard does not specify requirements for safety, other than those directly related to the
risk of ignition which may then lead to an explosion. The standard atmospheric conditions
(relating to the explosion characteristics of the atmosphere) under which it may be assumed
that equipment can be operated are:
• temperature -20 °C to +60 °C;
• pressure 80 kPa (0,8 bar) to 110 kPa (1,1 bar); and
• air with normal oxygen content, typically 21 % v/v.
Such atmospheres can also exist inside the equipment. In addition, the external atmosphere
can be drawn inside the equipment by natural breathing produced as a result of fluctuations in
the equipment’s internal operating pressure, and/or temperature.
NOTE 2 Although the standard atmospheric conditions above give a temperature range for the atmosphere of -
20 °C to +60 °C, the normal ambient temperature range for the equipment is -20 °C to +40 °C, unless otherwise
specified and marked. It is considered that -20 °C to +40 °C is appropriate for most equipment and that to
manufacture all equipment to be suitable for a standard atmosphere upper ambient temperature of +60 °C would
place unnecessary design constraints.
NOTE 3 The requirements of this standard can also be helpful for the design, construction, testing and marking of
equipment intended for use in atmospheres outside the validity range stated above. In this case however, the
ignition hazard assessment, ignition protection provided, additional testing (if necessary), manufacturer’s technical
documentation and instructions to the user, clearly demonstrate and indicate the equipment’s suitability for the
conditions it may encounter. It is also recognized that changes in temperature and pressure can have a significant
influence on characteristics of the explosive atmosphere, such as ignitability.
This part of ISO/IEC 80079 specifies the requirements for the design and construction of
equipment, intended for explosive atmospheres in conformity with all Equipment Protection
Levels (EPLs) of Group I, II and III.
NOTE 4 It is not unusual for equipment designed and constructed in accordance with this standard for a particular
EPL to be used in areas requiring an EPL with a higher level of safety by including the application of additional
measures. Such measures include for example inerting, suppression, venting or containment or for example by
dilution, drainage, monitoring and shut-down. Such measures are outside the scope of this standard.
This standard supplements and modifies the general requirements of IEC 60079-0, as shown
in Table 1. Where a requirement of this standard conflicts with a requirement of IEC 60079-0,
as far as applicable for non-electrical equipment, the requirement of this standard takes
precedence.
– 10 – ISO 80079-36:2016  ISO 2016
This standard is supplemented or modified by the following standards concerning specific
types of protection:
– ISO 80079-37, Explosive atmospheres – Part 37: Non-electrical equipment for explosive
atmospheres – Non-electrical type of protection constructional safety "c", control of
ignition source "b", liquid immersion "k"
– IEC 60079-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof
enclosures "d"
– IEC 60079-2, Explosive atmospheres – Part 2: Equipment protection by pressurized
enclosures "p"
– IEC 60079-31, Explosive atmospheres – Part 31: Equipment dust ignition protection by
enclosure "t"
The nature and ignition sources of non-electrical equipment shall be considered when
applying types of protection "d", "p", or "t" on non-electrical equipment (see Annex G).
Table 1 – Applicability of specific clauses of IEC 60079-0 (1 of 5)
Clause of IEC 60079-0 IEC 60079-0 application to
Ed 6.0 Clause / Sub-Clause Title ISO 80079-36 ISO 80079-37
(2011) (Normative)
(Inf.)
"c" "b" "k"
4 Equipment grouping Modified (see Clause (*) (*) (*)
4)
4.1 Group I Applies (*) (*) (*)
4.2 Group II Applies (*) (*) (*)
4.3 Group III Modified (see 4.4) (*) (*) (*)
4.4 Equipment for a particular explosive Applies (*) (*) (*)
atmosphere
5 Temperatures Modified (see 6.2 and (*) (*) (*)
Table 2)
5.1 Environmental influences Applies (*) (*) (*)
5.1.1 Ambient temperature Applies (*) (*) (*)
to be read as non-
electrical equipment
5.1.2 External source of heating or cooling Applies (*) (*) (*)
to be read as non-
electrical equipment
5.2 Service temperature Applies (*) (*) (*)
to be read as non-
electrical equipment
5.3.1 Determination of maximum surface Modified (see 6.2.3) (*) (*) (*)
temperature non-electrical
5.3.2.1 Group I electrical equipment Modified (see 6.2.4) (*) (*) (*)
non-electrical
5.3.2.2 Group II electrical equipment Modified (see 6.2.5) (*) (*) (*)
non-electrical
5.3.2.3 Group III electrical equipment Modified (see 6.2.7) (*) (*) (*)
non-electrical
Table 1 (2 of 5)
Clause of IEC 60079-0 IEC 60079-0 application to
Ed 6.0 Clause / Sub-Clause Title ISO 80079-36 ISO 80079-37
(2011) (Normative)
(Inf.)
"c" "b" "k"
5.3.3 Small component temperature for Modified (see 6.2.6) (*) (*) (*)
Group I and Group II electrical non-electrical
equipment
6. Requirements for all electrical Applies (*) (*) (*)
equipment to be read as non-
electrical equipment
6.1 General Applies (*) (*) (*)
to be read as non-
electrical equipment
6.2 Mechanical strength of equipment Applies (*) (*) (*)
6.3 Opening times Modified (see 7.3) (*) (*) (*)
6.4 Circulating currents in enclosures Applies (*) (*) (*)
(e.g. of large electrical machines)
6.5 Gasket retention Applies (*) (*) (*)
6.6 Electromagnetic and ultrasonic Excluded - - -
energy radiating equipment
7 Non-metallic enclosures and non- Applies (*) (*) (*)
metallic parts of enclosures
7.1 General Applies (*) (*) (*)
7.1.1 Applicability Applies (*) (*) (*)
7.1.2 Specification of materials Applies (*) (*) (*)
7.2 Thermal endurance Applies (*) (*) (*)
7.3 Resistance to light Applies (*) (*) (*)
7.4 Electrostatic charges on external Modified (see 6.7.4, (*) (*) (*)
non-metallic materials 6.7.5 and 6.7.6)
7.5 Accessible metal parts Applies (*) (*) (*)
8 Metallic enclosures and metallic Modified (see 6.4.2.1 (*) (*) (*)
parts of enclosures Footnote 1) and ref. to
ISO 6507-1
8.1 Material composition Modified (see 6.4.2.1 (*) (*) (*)
Footnote 1) and ref. to
ISO 6507-1
8.2 Group I Modified (see 6.4.2.1 (*) (*) (*)
Footnote 1) and ref. to
ISO 6507-1
8.3 Group II Modified (see 6.4.2.1 (*) (*) (*)
Footnote 1) and ref. to
ISO 6507-1
– 12 – ISO 80079-36:2016  ISO 2016
Table 1 (3 of 5)
Clause of IEC 60079-0 IEC 60079-0 application to
Ed 6.0 Clause / Sub-Clause Title ISO 80079-36 ISO 80079-37
(2011) (Normative)
(Inf.)
"c" "b" "k"
8.4 Group III Modified (see 6.4.2.1 (*) (*) (*)
Footnote 1) and ref. to
ISO 6507-1
9 Fasteners Excluded - - -
10 Interlocking devices Excluded - - -
11 Bushings Excluded - - -
12 Materials used for cementing Applies (see 7.6) (*) (*) (*)
13 Ex Components Applies (*) (*) (*)
14 Connection facilities and termination Excluded - - -
compartments
15 Connection facilities for earthing or Excluded - - -
bonding conductors
16 Entries into enclosures Excluded - - -
17 Supplementary requirements for Excluded - - -
rotating machines
18 Supplementary requirements for Excluded - - -
switchgear
19 Supplementary requirements for Excluded - - -
fuses
20 Supplementary requirements for Excluded - - -
plugs, socket outlets and connectors
21 Supplementary requirements for Excluded - - -
luminaires
22 Supplementary requirements for Excluded - - -
caplights and handlights
23 Equipment incorporating cells and Excluded - - -
batteries
24 Documentation Modified (see 9) (*) (*) (*)
25 Compliance of prototype or sample Applies (*) (*) (*)
with documents
26 Type Tests Modified (see 8) (*) (*) (*)
26.1 General Applies (*) (*) (*)
26.2 Test configuration Applies (*) (*) (*)
to be read as non-
electrical equipment
26.3 Tests in explosive test mixtures Applies (*) (*) (*)

Table 1 (4 of 5)
Clause of IEC 60079-0 IEC 60079-0 application to
Ed 6.0 Clause / Sub-Clause Title ISO 80079-36 ISO 80079-37
(2011) (Normative)
(Inf.)
"c" "b" "k"
26.4.1 Order of tests Excluded - - -
26.4.2 Resistance to impact Applies (see 8.3.1) (*) (*) (*)
26.4.3 Drop test Applies (see 8.3.2) (*) (*) (*)
26.4.4 Acceptance criteria Applies (see 8.3.3 (*) (*) (*)
26.4.5 Degree of protection (IP) by Applies (*) (*) (*)
enclosure
26.5.1.1 General Applies (*) (*) (*)
26.5.1.2 Service temperature Applies (*) (*) (*)
26.5.1.3 Maximum surface temperature Modified (see 8.2) (*) (*) (*)
26.5.2 Thermal shock test Applies (*) (*) (*)
26.5.3 Small component ignition test Excluded - - -
(Group I and Group II)
26.6 Torque test for bushings Excluded -
...