IEC TR 63388:2021

IEC TR 63388 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-12
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Report on the development of cogeneration
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IEC TR 63388 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-12
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Report on the development of cogeneration

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-1058-7

– 2 – IEC TR 63388:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Background . 6
1.1 Task following SMB decision . 6
1.2 Scope . 7
1.3 Purpose . 8
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
2.1 Terms and definitions . 8
2.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
3 Overview of CHP . 10
3.1 What is CHP? . 10
3.2 Benefits of CHP . 12
3.3 Efficiency of CHP system . 13
4 Market situation of cogeneration . 14
4.1 Global situation . 14
4.2 European situation . 14
4.3 American situation . 15
4.4 Asian situation . 15
4.5 Summary . 17
5 CHP based on steam turbine . 17
5.1 General introduction . 17
5.2 Technical characteristics . 18
5.2.1 CHP based on extraction turbine . 18
5.2.2 CHP based on back pressure turbine . 18
5.2.3 Low-vacuum heating mode . 19
5.2.4 LP cylinder steam bypassed heating mode . 20
5.2.5 CHP based on steam turbine with synchro-self-shift clutch . 21
5.2.6 Special case: gas-steam combined cycle CHP . 22
5.3 Components . 23
5.4 Requirements . 24
5.5 Summary . 26
6 CHP based on other processes . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 Technical characteristics . 27
6.2.1 Gas turbine CHP . 27
6.2.2 Stirling engine CHP . 28
6.2.3 Fuel cell CHP . 29
6.2.4 ORC CHP . 30
6.3 Components . 31
6.4 Requirements . 32
6.5 Summary . 33
7 Standardization demand of CHP . 33
7.1 Necessity to develop CHP technical standards. 33
7.2 Current status of ISO/IEC standards related to CHP . 34
7.2.1 General . 34
7.2.2 CHP system level . 35
7.2.3 CHP communication level . 35

7.2.4 CHP component level . 35
7.3 Summary . 40
8 CHP standardization roadmap . 40
8.1 Envisaged CHP standard architecture . 40
8.2 Description of the standard architecture . 41
8.3 Developing the path of future standards . 42
8.3.1 Develop path– Start from system to component level . 42
8.3.2 Work of joint working group . 43
8.4 Developing committee recommendations . 43
8.5 Summary . 43

Figure 1 –CHP based on steam turbine . 11
Figure 2 – CHP based on combustion turbine or reciprocating engine . 11
Figure 3 – Example of energy efficiency for different generating systems . 12
Figure 4 – Proportion of different heating modes in urban areas of northern China . 16
Figure 5 – Cogeneration status in Japan by fuel types . 17
Figure 6 – Heating system based on extraction steam turbine . 18
Figure 7 – Back pressure turbine heating system . 19
Figure 8 – Typical diagram of a low-vacuum heating system . 20
Figure 9 –Schematic of LP cylinder steam bypass heating technology . 21
Figure 10 – Heating turbine with synchro-self-shift clutch . 22
Figure 11 – Schematic diagram of combined cycle unit cogeneration . 23
Figure 12 – Typical work flow of CHP system based on steam turbine . 23
Figure 13 – Energy efficiency comparison between small-scale CHP system and
traditional energy services . 27
Figure 14 – CHP system based on micro gas turbine . 28
Figure 15 –CHP system based on STIG . 28
Figure 16 – Typical Stirling engine CHP unit process . 29
Figure 17 – Fuel cell CHP system . 30
Figure 18 – ORC CHP system . 31
Figure 19 – Link between CHP system and user demands . 34

Table 1 – Installed capacity of cogeneration units in Japan as of March 2020 . 16
Table 2 – Status of CHP standards . 36
Table 3 – CHP standard architecture . 41

– 4 – IEC TR 63388:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGENERATION

FOREWORD
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