IEC 62481-1-1:2017

IEC 62481-1-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2017-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Digital living network alliance (DLNA) home networked device interoperability
guidelines –
Part 1-1: Architecture and protocols – Core architecture and protocols
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IEC 62481-1-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2017-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Digital living network alliance (DLNA) home networked device interoperability

guidelines –
Part 1-1: Architecture and protocols – Core architecture and protocols

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.160; 35.100.05; 35.110 ISBN 978-2-8322-4537-8

– 2 – IEC 62481-1-1:2017 © IEC 2017

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 12
INTRODUCTION . 14
1 Scope . 16
2 Normative references . 16
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, abbreviated terms and conventions . 24
3.1 Terms and definitions . 24
3.2 Symbols . 41
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 42
3.4 Conventions . 42
4 DLNA home network architecture . 42
4.1 General . 42
4.2 Networking and connectivity . 43
4.2.1 General . 43
4.2.2 Network quality of service . 44
4.3 Device discovery and control . 44
4.4 Media management. 44
4.5 Media formats . 45
4.6 Media transport . 45
4.7 Remote UI . 45
5 DLNA device model . 45
5.1 Overview. 45
5.2 Device model elements . 45
5.3 Device Functions . 47
5.4 Device Categories. 48
5.5 Device Classes and roles . 48
5.6 Device Capabilities and roles . 49
5.7 System Usages . 49
5.7.1 General . 49
5.7.2 2-box Pull system usage . 50
5.7.3 2-box Push system usage . 51
5.7.4 3-box system usage . 52
5.7.5 Download system usage . 53
5.7.6 Upload system usage . 54
5.7.7 Download Synchronization system usage . 55
5.7.8 Upload Synchronization system usage . 56
5.7.9 Scheduled Recording system usage . 57
5.7.10 EPG system usage . 58
5.7.11 IPv6 Connectivity system usage impacts . 59
5.8 Interoperability guidelines usage . 60
6 Guideline terminology and conventions . 62
6.1 Guideline compliance classifiers . 62
6.2 Standard or specification usage classifiers. 62
6.3 Guideline font usage conventions . 63
6.4 Guideline syntax notation conventions . 63
6.5 Guideline normative and informative text conventions . 63

6.6 DLNA XML namespaces and schemas . 64
6.7 General rules on XML documents and fragments . 64
7 Guideline requirements overview . 64
7.1 General . 64
7.2 Conditions for measuring time in message exchanges . 67
8 Networking and connectivity . 68
8.1 General . 68
8.2 Networking and connectivity: general capability requirements . 68
8.2.1 General . 68
8.2.2 General capability requirements for Ethernet . 68
8.2.3 General capability requirements for IEEE 802.11 . 69
8.2.4 General capability requirements for MoCA . 71
8.2.5 General capability requirements for HPNA . 71
8.2.6 General capability requirements for HomePlug AV and HD-PLC . 72
8.3 Networking and connectivity: QoS requirements . 72
8.3.1 General . 72
8.3.2 DLNAQOS requirements: Ethernet . 74
8.3.3 DLNAQOS requirements: IEEE 802.11 . 76
8.3.4 DLNAQOS requirements: MoCA . 76
8.3.5 DLNAQOS requirements: HPNA . 77
8.3.6 DLNAQOS requirements: HomePlug AV . 78
8.3.7 DLNAQOS requirements: HD-PLC . 79
8.4 Networking and connectivity: device requirements . 80
8.4.1 General . 80
8.4.2 Device requirements: common . 80
8.4.3 Device requirements: HND . 84
8.4.4 Device requirements: MHD . 85
9 Device discovery and control . 85
9.1 General . 85
9.2 Device discovery and control guidelines . 86
9.2.1 DDC UPnP Device Architecture . 86
9.2.2 DDC UPnP Auto IP support . 88
9.2.3 DDC UPnP SSDP default port . 89
9.2.4 DDC UPnP discovery robustness . 91
9.2.5 DDC UPnP HTTP support and general rules . 95
9.2.6 DDC UPnP HTTP/1.0 rules . 98
9.2.7 DDC UPnP HTTP/1.1 transaction rules . 99
9.2.8 DDC UPnP HTTP persistent connections . 101
9.2.9 DDC UPnP device responsiveness . 102
9.2.10 DDC UPnP device description rules . 103
9.2.11 DDC UPnP embedded device support . 106
9.2.12 DDC UPnP service description rules . 108
9.2.13 DDC UPnP XML namespace . 110
9.2.14 DDC UPnP action argument encoding . 110
9.2.15 DDC UPnP SOAP packet size . 111
9.2.16 DDC UPnP error codes . 112
9.2.17 DDC UPnP GENA packet size . 113
9.2.18 DDC UPnP subscription handling . 114
9.2.19 DDC UPnP UUID format . 114

– 4 – IEC 62481-1-1:2017 © IEC 2017
9.2.20 DDC UPnP UUID generation . 114
9.2.21 DDC UPnP event subscription renewals . 115
9.2.22 DDC UPnP event notification handling . 115
9.2.23 DDC UPnP unknown header/tag/field robustness rule . 116
9.2.24 DDC URI rules . 116
9.2.25 DDC UPnP device description usage . 120
9.2.26 DDC UPnP UDN usage . 121
9.2.27 DDC UPnP multi homing rules . 122
9.2.28 DDC UPnP device icons . 123
9.2.29 DDC UPnP UTF-8 support . 125
9.2.30 DDC UPnP XML comments . 125
9.2.31 DDC UPnP boolean types . 126
9.2.32 DDC CP versioning . 126
9.2.33 DDC absolute and relative URI requests . 127
9.2.34 DDC maximum HTTP header size . 128
9.2.35 DDC Device Capabilities . 128
9.2.36 DDC DLNAQOS support . 129
9.2.37 DDC Power Save Operations support . 129
9.2.38 DDC Diagnostics support . 129
10 Media management . 130
10.1 AV media management . 130
10.1.1 General . 130
10.1.2 Device Classes and Device Capabilities requirements . 130
10.1.3 General UPnP AV requirements . 139
10.1.4 MediaServer requirements . 214
10.1.5 Basic Connection Management (BCM) guidelines . 263
10.1.6 MediaRenderer device requirements . 269
10.1.7 AVT SetNextAVTransportURI action . 322
10.1.8 Upload and Optional Content Management requirements. 329
10.2 Content synchronization MM/CM guidelines . 382
10.2.1 General . 382
10.2.2 MM/CM: Download Synchronization Controller. 382
10.2.3 MM/CM: Upload Synchronization Controller . 383
10.2.4 MM/CM general rules for thrashing avoidance . 386
10.2.5 MM/CM: DMS or M-DMS with Content Synchronization Device Option
support definition . 386
10.2.6 MM/CM: support for res@dlna:estimatedSize . 390
10.2.7 MM/CM: operations that need CDS:UpdateObject . 392
10.2.8 MM/CM: general rules for CDS:UpdateObject request syntax . 392
10.2.9 MM/CM: general rules for server behaviour for CDS:UpdateObject . 395
10.2.10 MM/CM: OCM: change metadata operation . 395
10.3 Scheduled Recording Media Management guidelines . 396
10.3.1 MM/SR system usage feature support . 396
10.3.2 MM/SR exposing recorded content . 397
10.3.3 MM/SR UPnP ScheduledRecording service . 401
10.3.4 MM/SR CDS association . 401
10.3.5 MM/SR SRS:GetSortCapabilities action . 402
10.3.6 MM/SR SRS:BrowseRecordSchedules action . 402
10.3.7 MM/SR BrowseRecordTasks action . 405

10.3.8 MM/SR representation of allowed values description . 408
10.3.9 MM/SR cdsNonEPG record class . 410
10.3.10 MM/SR manual record class . 413
10.3.11 MM/SR cdsEPG record class . 415
10.3.12 MM/SR query content name record class . 419
10.3.13 MM/SR query content ID record class . 421
10.3.14 MM/SR query record class and EPG . 422
10.3.15 MM/SR conflict resolution . 424
10.3.16 MM/SR SRS:CreateRecordSchedule action . 427
10.3.17 MM/SR adjustment of property values for a recordSchedule or
recordTask . 430
10.3.18 MM/SR SRS:GetPropertyList action . 432
10.3.19 MM/SR SRS:DeleteRecordSchedule action . 432
10.3.20 MMSR SRS:GetRecordSchedule action . 432
10.3.21 MM/SR SRS:EnableRecordSchedule action . 433
10.3.22 MM/SR SRS:DisableRecordSchedule action . 433
10.3.23 MM/SR SRS:GetRecordTask action . 433
10.3.24 MM/SR SRS:EnableRecordTask action . 433
10.3.25 MM/SR SRS:ResetRecordTask action . 434
10.3.26 MM/SR SRS:GetRecordScheduleConflicts action . 434
10.3.27 MM/SR SRS:GetRecordTaskConflicts action . 434
10.3.28 MM/SR open-end recording . 435
10.3.29 MM/SR media format specified recording . 438
10.3.30 EPG, SRS, and CDS object lifespan guidelines . 444
10.4 Extended Tuner media management guidelines . 450
10.4.1 General . 450
10.4.2 MM/ET Extended Tuner guidelines . 450
10.4.3 MM/ET Extended Tuner common guidelines . 452
10.4.4 MM/ET Non-Streamable Extended Tuner guidelines . 460
10.4.5 MM/ET Streamable Extended Tuner guidelines . 461
10.4.6 MM/ET Presets Containers . 463
10.4.7 MM/ET EPG Server Device Option additional tuner guidelines . 465
10.4.8 MM/ET Scheduled Recording Device Option additional tuner guidelines . 466
10.4.9 MM/ET Virtual Tuners . 467
10.5 EPG Media management guidelines . 479
10.5.1 MM/EPG foreign metadata feature advertisement . 479
10.5.2 MM/EPG Server Device Option advertisement . 479
10.5.3 MM/EPG EPG object persistence guidelines . 481
10.5.4 MM/EPG EPG Controller definition . 482
10.5.5 MM/EPG mandatory EPG programme item properties . 482
10.5.6 MM/EPG exposing foreign metadata . 505
10.5.7 MM/EPG search guidelines . 507
10.5.8 MM/EPG event moderation . 516
11 Media Transport . 517
11.1 General . 517
11.2 Uniform Client Data Availability Model . 519
11.3 Media Operations . 521
11.4 Media Transport protocols . 522
11.4.1 General . 522

– 6 – IEC 62481-1-1:2017 © IEC 2017
11.4.2 Media Transport common guidelines . 522
11.4.3 HTTP transport . 537
11.4.4 RTP Media Transport . 620
12 Content transformation device virtualization . 723
12.1 Theory of operations . 723
12.2 Virtual device implementation . 725
12.2.1 General . 725
12.2.2 Virtual device conformance to guidelines . 725
12.3 Virtual device, Device Discovery and Control (DDC) . 726
12.3.1 General . 726
12.3.2 DDC UPnP device description of virtualized device . 726
12.3.3 DDC UPnP actions . 728
12.3.4 DDC UPnP device description ssdp:byebye of virtual device. 729
12.3.5 DDC virtual devices . 730
12.4 Virtual device Media Management (MM) . 730
12.4.1 General . 730
12.4.2 CMS action requirement for virtual devices . 730
12.4.3 MM virtual server . 735
12.4.4 MM virtual renderer . 745
12.5 Virtual device Media Formats (MF) . 747
12.5.1 MF virtual HND server media types . 747
12.5.2 MF virtual MHD server media types . 747
12.5.3 MF virtual HND HND renderer media types . 748
12.6 Virtual device Media Transport (MT) . 748
12.6.1 MT virtual HND server media transport . 748
12.6.2 MT virtual MHD server media transport . 748
12.6.3 MT virtual HND renderer media types . 749
12.6.4 MT virtual device control . 749
13 3D media rendering guidelines . 749
13.1 General . 749
Annex A (informative) Network Infrastructure Device (NID) recommendations . 751
A.1 General . 751
A.2 NID Functions . 751
A.3 NID recommendations . 751
A.3.1 General capability recommendations: Ethernet . 751
A.3.2 Device recommendations: IGD. 752
A.3.3 Device recommendations – AP . 754
A.3.4 Device recommendations – Bridge NC NID bridge – Addressability . 758
A.3.5 Device recommendations – Interconnect NC NID Ethernet interconnect . 758
A.3.6 Device recommendations – MoCA Bridge . 758
A.3.7 Device recommendations – HPNA Bridge . 761
A.3.8 Device recommendations – HomePlug AV and HD-PLC Bridge . 764
Annex B (informative) Basic Tuner representation . 771
B.1 General . 771
B.2 Tuner objects . 771
B.3 Channel objects . 771
B.3.1 General . 771
B.3.2 Channel order . 771

B.3.3 Channel Number . 771
B.3.4 Channel Name . 772
B.3.5 Channel Title . 772
B.4 Accessing a tuner channel . 772
B.5 Tuner example . 773
Annex C (informative) UPnP devices with multiple network interfaces . 775
C.1 Representation at the UPnP Device level . 775
C.2 Representation at the CDS level . 777
C.3 Understanding the "treated as or assumed to be routable" clause . 778
C.4 Multiple elements . 779
Annex D (informative) Example applications of the Uniform Client Data Availability
Model . 780
D.1 Uniform Client Data Availability Model definitions . 780
D.1.1 General . 780
D.1.2 The stream . 780
D.1.3 Stored content . 781
D.1.4 Converted content . 782
D.1.5 Live content . 782
D.2 UCDAM and media operations . 783
D.2.1 General . 783
D.2.2 Data ranges . 783
D.2.3 Play data flow . 784
D.2.4 Stop data flow. 784
D.2.5 Pause and Pause-release data flow . 784
D.2.6 Scan operations . 785
Annex E (informative) Auto-IP developer guidance . 786
E.1 Goal . 786
E.2 Overview. 786
E.3 Suggested solution . 787
E.3.1 General . 787
E.3.2 Route for an Auto-IP device sending packets . 787
E.3.3 Route for a DHCPv4 device sending packets . 788
E.4 Validation example using UPnP AV applications . 788
E.4.1 General . 788
E.4.2 How to add a route on Windows 2000 and Windows XP? . 789
E.4.3 How to add a route on Linux? . 790
E.5 Installing routes during address transitions . 791
Annex F (informative) RTP Protocol Stack and SDP/RTSP/RTCP Parameters . 793
Annex G (informative) Guidance on address conflict resolution in Auto-IP . 796
Annex H (informative) Wi-Fi Direct for DLNA . 797
H.1 Wi-Fi Direct introduction. 797
H.1.1 Overview . 797
H.1.2 Terminology . 797
H.1.3 Group formation . 798
H.1.4 P2P Group operation . 799
H.1.5 Features that are optional in Wi-Fi Direct certification . 800
H.2 Wi-Fi Direct with system usages . 801
H.2.1 General . 801

– 8 – IEC 62481-1-1:2017 © IEC 2017
H.2.2 2-box system usage . 802
H.2.3 3-box system usage . 805
Annex I (informative) EPG Theory of Operation . 810
I.1 Goal . 810
I.2 Usage scenarios . 810
I.3 The model . 810
I.3.1 EPG data . 810
I.3.2 FreeFormQuery . 811
I.3.3 Channel lineup . 811
I.3.4 Channel ordering . 812
I.3.5 channelID@distriNetworkID . 812
I.3.6 Advanced lineup . 812
I.4 Implementation considerations . 812
I.4.1 General . 812
I.4.2 Discovering features and capabilities . 813
I.4.3 Discovering EPG Servers . 813
I.4.4 Discovering Tuners . 813
I.4.5 Determining FreeFormQuery capabilities . 813
I.4.6 GetFeatureList example . 813
I.4.7 Determining FreeFormQuery capabilities . 814
I.4.8 Retrieving a channel lineup. 814
I.4.9 Obtaining an EPG grid . 814
Annex J (normative) Rating systems . 817
Annex K (normative) 3D media rendering guidelines for HDMI signal . 825
K.1 Overview. 825
K.2 MPEG-2 3DFC format output mapping . 825
K.3 MPEG-4 part 10 3DFC format output mapping . 825
K.4 3D-capable renderer HDMI format conversion . 827
K.5 HDMI backward compatible output signalling . 827
Annex L (informative) Live content use cases . 829
L.1 General . 829
L.2 Live content use cases . 829
L.2.1 General . 829
L.2.2 Streaming from time shift buffer (TSB) . 829
L.2.3 Streaming from in-progress recording . 830
L.2.4 Live streaming . 830
L.3 Guidelines clarifications . 830
L.3.1 The live position . 830
L.3.2 Content pacing . 831
L.3.3 Server termination for live content transfer . 831
L.4 Association with protocolInfo guidelines . 832
L.4.1 4th field signalling related to live content . 832
L.4.2 Values of 4th field for various live content and DVR use cases . 833
Bibliography . 834

Figure 1 – DLNA functional components . 43
Figure 2 – DLNA device model terms hierarchy . 47
Figure 3 – 2-box Pull system usage interaction model . 51

Figure 4 – 2-box Push system usage interaction model . 52
Figure 5 – 3-box system usage interaction model . 53
Figure 6 – Download system usage interaction model . 54
Figure 7 – Upload system usage interaction model . 55
Figure 8 – Download Synchronization system usage interaction model . 56
Figure 9 – Upload Synchronization system usage interaction model . 57
Figure 10 – Scheduled Recording system usage interaction model . 58
Figure 11 – EPG system usage interaction model . 59
Figure 12 – Guideline layout and definitions. 65
Figure 13 – Visual map of possible values for the attribute tables . 67
Figure 14 – DLNA QoS visual organization . 73
Figure 15 – UPnP discovery robustness . 93
Figure 16 – DLNA PlayContainer URI example . 262
Figure 17 – Recording conflict behaviour . 425
Figure 18 – CDS and SRS object lifetimes . 445
Figure 19 – Extended Tuner and its containers . 450
Figure 20 – Modelling DLNA Extended Tuner . 452
Figure 21 – UCDAM summary . 520
Figure 22 – Example of a valid and invalid pipelined POST transaction . 620
Figure 23 – Calculated Line . 637
Figure 24 – Wall Clock Time sample accuracy distribution . 637
Figure 25 – Packet with Wall Clock Time Sample header extension . 640
Figure 26 – Packet with another header extension following Wall Clock Time Sample . 641
Figure 27 – BFR packet format . 649
Figure 28 – Content transformation with a virtual MediaServer .
...