IEC 62481-1:2013

IEC 62481-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2013-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Digital living network alliance (DLNA) home networked device interoperability
guidelines –
Part 1: Architecture and protocols

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IEC 62481-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2013-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Digital living network alliance (DLNA) home networked device interoperability

guidelines –
Part 1: Architecture and protocols

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XH
ICS 33.160; 35.100.05; 35.110 ISBN 978-2-8322-1146-5

– 2 – 62481-1 © IEC:2013(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
INTRODUCTION . 10
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 20
3.1 Terms and definitions . 20
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 29
3.3 Conventions . 42
4 DLNA home network architecture . 42
4.1 General . 42
4.2 Networking and connectivity . 43
4.2.1 General . 43
4.2.2 Network Quality of Service . 43
4.3 Device discovery and control . 43
4.4 Media management . 43
4.5 Media formats . 44
4.6 Media transport . 44
4.7 Remote UI . 44
5 DLNA device model . 45
5.1 Overview . 45
5.2 Device model elements . 45
5.3 Device Functions . 47
5.4 Device Categories . 48
5.5 Device Classes and roles . 48
5.6 Device Capabilities and roles . 49
5.7 System Usages . 50
5.7.1 General . 50
5.7.2 2-Box Pull System Usage . 52
5.7.3 2-Box Push System Usage . 52
5.7.4 3-Box System Usage . 53
5.7.5 2-Box Printing System Usage . 54
5.7.6 3-Box Printing System Usage . 55
5.7.7 Download System Usage . 56
5.7.8 Upload System Usage . 57
5.7.9 Download Synchronization System Usage . 58
5.7.10 Upload Synchronization System Usage . 59
5.7.11 2-Box RUI Pull with/without A/V System Usage . 60
5.7.12 3-Box UI-only System Usage . 61
5.7.13 3-Box UI with A/V System Usage . 64
5.7.14 Scheduled Recording System Usage . 65
5.7.15 EPG System Usage . 66
5.8 Home Infrastructure Device (HID) System Usage . 67
5.8.1 General . 67
5.8.2 Bridging HND and MHD Network Connectivity . 68
5.8.3 Bridging HND and MHD Media Formats . 69
5.9 Interoperability Guidelines usage . 70

62481-1 © IEC:2013(E) – 3 –
6 Guideline terminology and conventions . 73
6.1 Guideline compliance classifiers . 73
6.2 Standard or specification usage classifiers . 73
6.3 Guideline font usage conventions . 73
6.4 Guideline syntax notation conventions . 74
6.5 Guideline normative and informative text conventions . 74
6.6 DLNA XML namespaces and schemas . 74
6.7 General rules on XML documents and fragments . 74
7 Guideline requirements. 75
7.1 Guidelines overview . 75
7.1.1 General . 75
7.1.2 Conditions for measuring time in message exchanges . 78
7.2 Networking and Connectivity . 78
7.2.1 General . 78
7.2.2 Normative definitions of NC-PS modes . 78
7.2.3 Networking and Connectivity: General capability requirements . 79
7.2.4 Networking and Connectivity: QoS requirements . 92
7.2.5 Networking and Connectivity: device requirements . 99
7.3 Device discovery and control . 125
7.3.1 General . 125
7.3.2 Device discovery and control guidelines . 125
7.4 Media management . 171
7.4.1 AV media management . 171
7.4.2 Image printing media management . 384
7.4.3 Content synchronization MM/CM guidelines . 399
7.4.4 Scheduled Recording Media Management guidelines . 413
7.4.5 Extended Tuner media management guidelines . 464
7.4.6 EPG Media management guidelines . 493
7.5 Media Transport . 529
7.5.1 General . 529
7.5.2 Uniform Client Data Availability Model . 531
7.5.3 Media Operations . 533
7.5.4 Media Transport protocols . 534
7.6 Content transformation device virtualization . 738
7.6.1 Theory of operations . 738
7.6.2 Virtual device implementation . 739
7.6.3 Virtual device, Device Discovery and Control (DDC) . 740
7.6.4 Virtual device Media Management (MM) . 744
7.6.5 Virtual device Media Formats (MF) . 760
7.6.6 Virtual device Media Transport (MT) . 761
7.7 Media Interoperability Unit (MIU) . 762
7.7.1 General . 762
7.7.2 MIU Media Management guidelines . 763
7.8 Remote User Interfaces (RUI) . 766
7.8.1 General . 766
7.8.2 RUI guidelines . 766
Annex A (informative) Network Infrastructure Device (NID) recommendations . 797
Annex B (informative) Basic Tuner representation . 810

– 4 – 62481-1 © IEC:2013(E)
Annex C (informative) UPnP devices with multiple network interfaces . 814
Annex D (informative) Printer support . 819
Annex E (informative) Example applications of the Uniform Client Data Availability
Model . 825
Annex F (informative) Auto-IP developer guidance . 831
Annex G (informative) Mobile Network Connectivity and Power Saving operation
principles . 838
Annex H (informative) RTP Protocol Stack and SDP/RTSP/RTCP Parameters . 842
Annex I (informative) Guidance on address conflict resolution in Auto-IP . 845
Annex J (informative) Wi-Fi Direct for DLNA . 846
Annex K (informative) EPG Theory of Operation . 857
Annex L (normative) Rating systems . 864
Bibliography . 874

Figure 1 – DLNA functional components . 42
Figure 2 – DLNA device model terms hierarchy . 47
Figure 3 – 2-Box Pull System Usage interaction model . 52
Figure 4 – 2-Box Push System Usage interaction model . 53
Figure 5 – 3-Box System Usage interaction model . 54
Figure 6 – 2-Box Printing System Usage interaction model . 55
Figure 7 – 3-Box Printing System Usage interaction model . 56
Figure 8 – Download System Usage interaction model . 57
Figure 9 – Upload System Usage interaction model . 58
Figure 10 – Download Synchronization System Usage interaction model . 59
Figure 11 – Upload Synchronization System Usage interaction model. 60
Figure 12 – RUI Pull without A/V System Usage interaction model . 60
Figure 13 – RUI Pull with A/V System Usage interaction model . 61
Figure 14 – 3-Box UI-only System Usage interaction model . 62
Figure 15 – Physical box configuration for 3-Box UI-only System Usage model . 63
Figure 16 – Physical box configuration for 3-Box UI-only System Usage model . 63
Figure 17 – Combining 2 instances of 3-Box UI-only System Usage . 64
Figure 18 – 3-Box UI with 3-Box A/V System Usage interaction model . 65
Figure 19 – Scheduled Recording System Usage interaction model . 66
Figure 20 – EPG System Usage interaction model . 67
Figure 21 – 2-Box Pull System Usage interaction model between Device Categories . 68
Figure 22 – M-NCF Bridging the Network Connectivity gap between MHD and HND . 68
Figure 23 – Media interoperability between Device Categories . 69
Figure 24 – Guideline layout and definitions. 76
Figure 25 – Visual map of possible values for the attribute tables . 77
Figure 26 – DLNA QoS visual organization . 93
Figure 27 – UPnP discovery robustness . 133
Figure 28 – DLNA PlayContainer URI example . 275
Figure 29 – Recording conflict behavior . 441
Figure 30 – CDS and SRS object lifetimes . 459

62481-1 © IEC:2013(E) – 5 –
Figure 31 – Extended Tuner and its containers . 465
Figure 32 – Modeling DLNA Extended Tuner . 467
Figure 33 – UCDAM summary . 532
Figure 34 – Example of a valid and invalid pipelined POST transaction . 636
Figure 35 – Calculated Line . 653
Figure 36 – Wall Clock Time sample accuracy distribution . 653
Figure 37 – Packet with Wall Clock Time Sample header extension . 656
Figure 38 – Packet with another header extension following Wall Clock Time Sample . 657
Figure 39 – BFR packet format . 664
Figure 40 – Content transformation with a virtual MediaServer . 739
Figure 41 – Content transformation with a virtual MediaRenderer . 739
Figure C.1 – UPnP Device representation . 814
Figure C.2 – UPnP device on multiple networks . 815
Figure C.3 – Representation at the CDS level . 816
Figure C.4 – Content URIs over multiple networks . 817
Figure D.1 – Photo layout options . 821
Figure D.2 – DMPr architecture components . 822
Figure E.1 – Abstract representation of a stream . 825
Figure E.2 – A stored content stream . 826
Figure E.3 – Stream with no random access support . 826
Figure E.4 – Stream with random access support . 826
Figure E.5 – Live stream with growing buffer and no random access . 827
Figure E.6 – Live stream with growing buffer and random access . 827
Figure E.7 – Live stream with sliding buffer and random access support . 828
Figure E.8 – Time-delayed live stream with sliding buffer and random access support . 828
Figure F.1 – IP mixed network (Auto-IP and DHCP) . 832
Figure F.2 – Communication in mixed IP network. . 834
Figure F.3 – New routes in address transition flow . 837
Figure G.1 – Illustration of the abstraction introduced by the NC-PS modes . 840
Figure G.2 – NC-PS mode transition diagram . 841
Figure H.1 – Overview of the protocol stack for RTP transport . 842
Figure H.2 – SDP and RTSP Parameters . 843
Figure H.3 – RTCP Parameters. 844
Figure J.1 – P2P Group . 847
Figure J.2 – Group formation simplified diagram . 847
Figure J.3 – Device discovery procedure . 848
Figure J.4 – Intra-BSS distribution and Cross-connection . 850
Figure J.5 – 2-Box System Usage: Step 1 . 851
Figure J.6 – 2-Box System Usage: Step 2a . 852
Figure J.7 – 2-Box System Usage: Step 2b.1 . 852
Figure J.8 – 2-Box System Usage: step 2b.2 . 853
Figure J.9 – 3-Box System Usage: Step 1 . 854
Figure J.10 – 3-Box System Usage: Step 2a . 854

– 6 – 62481-1 © IEC:2013(E)
Figure J.11 – 3-Box System Usage: Step 2b.1 . 855
Figure J.12 – 3-Box System Usage: Step 2b.2 . 855

Table 1 – Key technology ingredients . 10
Table 2 – Collocation possibilities of +RUIPL+ and +RUISRC+ capabilities for A/V . 61
Table 3 – Collocation possibilities of +RUISRC+ and +RUISINK+ capabilities for A/V . 64
Table 4 – DLNA Device Classes in the HND Device Category . 70
Table 5 – DLNA Device Capabilities. 71
Table 6 – DLNA Device Classes in the MHD Device Category . 72
Table 7 – DLNA Device Classes in the HID Device Category . 72
Table 8 – DLNA namespace values . 74
Table 9 – Allowed values for change indicator fields in attribute tables . 78
Table 10 – Normative definitions of Network Connectivity Power Saving modes. 79
Table 11 – Normative priorities for DLNA traffic types . 93
Table 12 – BT-IEEE 802.11 DLNAQOS access category mapping. 123
Table 13 – IEEE 802.1D user priority values . 123
Table 14 – Color depth of device icons . 166
Table 15 – DMR serviceType and serviceID values . 176
Table 16 – DMS/M-DMS serviceType and serviceID values . 179
Table 17 – CDS and UPnP maximum byte length . 183
Table 18 – Namespace prefixes . 190
Table 19 – Recommended metadata properties . 190
Table 20 – CDS:Search minimum support of operators . 254
Table 21 – UPnP:class for searching all CDS objects . 255
Table 22 – Capability ID syntax . 267
Table 23 – DLNA state variables for Controller-byte seek operations . 321
Table 24 – Arguments for AVT:X_DLNA_GetBytePositionInfo . 323
Table 25 – Error codes for AVT:X_DLNA_GetBytePositionInfo . 324
Table 26 – Capability IDs for AnyContainer support . 336
Table 27 – Required Media Class UPnP values . 345
Table 28 – Required UPnP createClass elements . 351
Table 29 – DMPr serviceType and serviceId values . 386
Table 30 – UPnP Printer dlna:X_DLNACAP element . 387
Table 31 – Media size dimensions . 397
Table 32 – Capability ID syntax . 403
Table 33 – UPnP AV MediaServer Metadata SearchCriteria . 406
Table 34 – dlna:objectType values . 415
Table 35 – Guidelines for recorded CDS properties based on srs:class values . 417
Table 36 – Recommended recorded CDS properties based on srs:class value . 417
Table 37 – dlna:openDuration Property Type and Multi Value . 451
Table 38 – dlna:desiredPN property type and multi value . 454
Table 39 – dlna:PN property type and multi value . 455
Table 40 – Capability ID syntax . 463

62481-1 © IEC:2013(E) – 7 –
Table 41 – Modulation format values. 473
Table 42 – CDS:X_DLNA_SelectChange action parameters . 486
Table 43 – CDS:X_DLNA_SelectChange action error codes . 487
Table 44 – A_ARG_TYPE_DLNAChannelID state variable . 488
Table 45 – A_ARG_TYPE_DLNAConnectionID state variable . 489
Table 46 – DLNA Media Transfer modes . 529
Table 47 – Permitted combinations of DLNAQOS_UP and Transfer Mode per Media
Class . 530
Table 48 – DLNA Streaming Media Operation definitions . 533
Table 49 – MT Media Class Transfer Modes . 535
Table 50 – HTTP prohibited operations references . 614
Table A.1 – NID functions . 797
Table A.2 – WMM Access Category mapping . 801
Table A.3 – WMM access and IEEE 802.1D priority . 801
Table A.4 – MoCA Priority mapping . 805
Table A.5 – MoCA Access and IEEE 802.1D Priority . 805
Table A.6 – HPNA Priority mapping . 807
Table A.7 – HPNA Access and IEEE 802.1D Priority . 808
Table D.1 – DMPr Printer verses PC attached Printer . 819
Table D.2 – Printing Controller (+PR1+, +PR2+) UI Components . 820
Table D.3 – Printer Status – Response . 821
Table D.4 – UPnP PrintEnhanced:1 Actions summary . 823
Table D.5 – Evented variables . 823
Table F.1 – Auto-IP route . 833
Table F.2 – DHCP route . 833
Table F.3 – Windows routing table example for device w/DHCP address . 835
Table F.4 – Windows routing table example for device w/Auto-IP address. . 835
Table F.5 – Linux routing table example for device w/DHCP address . 835
Table F.6 – Linux routing table example for device w/Auto-IP address . 836
Table G.1 – Dynamic behavior of the M-NCF depending on the current NC-PS mode . 841
Table L.1 – Rating sytems . 865

– 8 – 62481-1 © IEC:2013(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
DIGITAL LIVING NETWORK ALLIANCE (DLNA) HOME
NETWORKED DEVICE INTEROPERABILITY GUIDELINES –

Part 1: Architecture and protocols

FOREWORD
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62481-1 has been prepared technical area 9: Audio, video and
multimedia applications for end-user network, by IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and
multimedia systems and equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2007 and constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) inclusion of variable play (trick mode) support;
b) addition of the Scheduled Recording feature;
c) addition of the EPG feature;
d) additon fo the RUI feature;
e) addition of the Upload and Download Synchronziation feature;
f) additon of Wi-Fi Direct, MoCA, and HPNA Phys;
g) inclusion of updates to resolve interoperability issues.

62481-1 © IEC:2013(E) – 9 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
100/1992A/CDV 100/2080A/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of IEC 62481 series, published under the general title Digital living network
alliance (DLNA) home networked device interoperability guidelines, can be found on the IEC
website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 10 – 62481-1 © IEC:2013(E)
INTRODUCTION
Overview
Consumers are acquiring, viewing, and managing an increasing amount of digital media (photos,
music, and video) on devices in the Consumer Electronics (CE), Mobile Device, and Personal
Computer (PC) domains. Consumers want to conveniently enjoy that content, regardless of the
source, across different devices and locations in their homes. The digital home vision integrates
the Internet, mobile, and broadcast networks through a seamless, interoperable network, which
will provide a unique opportunity for manufacturers and consumers alike. In order to deliver on
this vision, it was recognized that a common set of industry design guidelines would be required
to allow companies to participate in a growing marketplace, leading to more innovation,
simplicity, and value for consumers.
The Digital Living Network Alliance answered this challenge by taking the initiative to develop a
workable framework for interoperable product design. The DLNA Home Networked Device
Interoperability Guidelines have been created in a unique cross-industry effort that combined
the efforts of over 100 Consumer Electronics, PC-industry and Mobile Device companies from
around the world that worked together with the aim of achieving the world's first substantial
platform for true interoperability between personal computer and consumer electronic devices.
The Interoperability Guidelines provide product developers with a long-term architectural view,
plus specific guidance for IP-networked platforms, devices and applications in the home. The
Interoperability Guidelines will be introduced in phases over several years to accompany the
market adoption of usages and the availability of needed technology and standards.
The Interoperability Guidelines that are the object of this standard are based on an architecture
(see Clause 4) that defines interoperable components for devices and software infrastructure. It
covers physical media, network transports, device discovery and control, media management
and control, media formats, media transport protocols, and remote user interfaces. Table 1
shows a summary of the key functional components and technology ingredients that are covered
by these Interoperability Guidelines.
Table 1 – Key technology ingredients
Functional components Technology ingredients
Connectivity Ethernet*, IEEE 802.11, MoCA, HPNA and Bluetooth
Networking IPv4 Suite
Device Discovery and Control UPnP* Device Architecture v1.0
Media Management and Control UPnP AV and UPnP Printer:1
Media Formats Required and Optional Format Profiles
Media Transport HTTP (Mandatory) and RTP (Optional)
Remote User Interfaces CEA-2014-A

Version Number
For version control, the protocols defined in this standard constitute version 1.5 of the
specifications. Device implementations advertise adherence to the protocols selecting value 1.5
in the fields and flags designed to expose the DLNA protocol version.
Audience
The Interoperability Guidelines are intended for the following audiences:

62481-1 © IEC:2013(E) – 11 –
• Marketing professionals who specify requirements for home networked media products.
• Developers who design and build home networked media products.
• Quality assurance personnel who test and validate home networked media products.

– 12 – 62481-1 © IEC:2013(E)
DIGITAL LIVING NETWORK ALLIANCE (DLNA) HOME
NETWORKED DEVICE INTEROPERABILITY GUIDELINES –

Part 1: Architecture and protocols

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62481 specifies the core architecture and protocols of DLNA implementations.
The interoperability guidelines consist of five parts covering Architecture and Protocols, Media
Formats, Link Protection, DRM Interoperability Systems and Device Profiles. This part of
IEC 62481 provides vendors with the information needed to build interoperable networked
platforms and devices for the digital home. The necessary standards and technologies are now
available to enable products to be built for networked entertainment centric usages. However,
standards and technologies need to be clarified and options limited to ensure interoperability.
The five parts of the DLNA Home Networked Device Interoperability Guidelines fulfill that role.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60169-24, Radio-frequency connectors – Part 24: Radio-frequency coaxial connectors
with screw coupling, typically for use in 75 ohm cable distribution systems (Type F)
IEC 62481-2:2013, Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) Guidelines – Part 2: Media format
profiles
IEC 62481-3:2013, Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) Guidelines – Part 3: Link protection
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000, Information technology – Generic coding of moving pictures and
associated audio information: Systems
ISO/IEC 13818-9:1996, Information technology – Generic coding of moving pictures and
associated audio information – Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders,
International Standards Organization, 1996
ISO/IEC 14977:1996, Information technology – Syntactic metalanguage – Extended BNF
ISO/IEC 29341-1:2011, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 1-1: UPnP
Device Architecture Version 1.0
ISO/IEC 29341-3-2, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 3-2: Audio
Video Device Control Protocol – Media Renderer Device
ISO/IEC 29341-3-3, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 3-3: Audio
Video Device Control Protocol – Media Server Device
___________
In this International Standard also referred to as AVv1.

62481-1 © IEC:2013(E) – 13 –
ISO/IEC 29341-3-10:2008, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 3-10:
Audio Video Device Control Protocol – Audio Video Transport Service
ISO/IEC 29341-3-11, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 3-11: Audio
Video Device Control Protocol – Connection Manager Service
ISO/IEC 29341-3-12:2008, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 3-12:
Audio Video Device Control Protocol – Content Directory Service
ISO/IEC 29341-3-13, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 3-13: Audio
Video Device Control Protocol – Rendering Control Service
ISO/IEC 29341-4-2, Information technology – UPnP Device Architecture – Part 4-2: Audio
Video Device Control Proto
...