IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019

IEC/IEEE 82079-1
Edition 2.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL STANDARD
NORME HORIZONTALE
Preparation of information for use (instructions for use) of products –
Part 1: Principles and general requirements

Élaboration des informations d'utilisation (instructions d'utilisation) des
produits –
Partie 1: Principes et exigences générales

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IEC/IEEE 82079-1
Edition 2.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
colour
INTERNATIONALE
inside
HORIZONTAL STANDARD
NORME HORIZONTALE
Preparation of information for use (instructions for use) of products –

Part 1: Principles and general requirements

Élaboration des informations d'utilisation (instructions d'utilisation) des

produits –
Partie 1: Principes et exigences générales

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 01.110; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-6835-3

– 2 – IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019
© IEC/IEEE 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Fulfilment of requirements for information for use . 19
4.1 General . 19
4.2 Evaluation of information for use of consumer products . 19
4.3 Documentary evidence of evaluation . 19
5 Principles . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Purpose of information for use . 20
5.2.1 General . 20
5.2.2 Information for use as part of the product . 20
5.2.3 Target audiences' orientation . 20
5.2.4 Safe use of the supported product . 20
5.2.5 Product's compliance through information for use . 20
5.3 Information quality . 21
5.3.1 General . 21
5.3.2 Completeness . 21
5.3.3 Minimalism . 21
5.3.4 Correctness . 21
5.3.5 Conciseness . 21
5.3.6 Consistency . 22
5.3.7 Comprehensibility . 22
5.3.8 Accessibility. 22
5.4 Use of repeatable processes . 22
6 Information management process . 23
6.1 General . 23
6.2 Analysis and planning of information . 23
6.2.1 General analysis . 23
6.2.2 Target audiences . 24
6.2.3 Media . 24
6.2.4 Languages . 25
6.2.5 Information sources . 25
6.2.6 Information sustainment . 25
6.2.7 Risk management . 26
6.2.8 Contractual agreements and legal constraints. 26
6.2.9 Project management and control . 26
6.2.10 Configuration management . 26
6.2.11 Human resource management . 27
6.2.12 Quality assurance . 27
6.3 Design and development, including review, editing, and testing . 27
6.3.1 General . 27
6.3.2 Design, information gathering and development. 27
6.3.3 Reviewing, editing and testing . 28

© IEC/IEEE 2019
6.4 Production and distribution. 29
6.5 Sustainment, maintenance and improvement . 29
7 Content of information for use . 29
7.1 General . 29
7.2 Identifiers . 30
7.2.1 Identification of information for use . 30
7.2.2 Identification of the supported product . 30
7.2.3 Identification of the supplier . 30
7.3 Importance of retaining printed information for use . 30
7.4 Presentational conventions . 31
7.5 Terminology . 31
7.6 Acronyms, abbreviations and technical terms . 31
7.7 Explanation of safety signs, graphical symbols and markings . 31
7.8 Product description . 32
7.8.1 General description . 32
7.8.2 Visualization . 32
7.8.3 Specifications . 32
7.9 Supplied accessories, consumables and spare parts. 32
7.9.1 Accessories supplied with the product . 32
7.9.2 Consumables . 33
7.9.3 Spare parts . 33
7.10 Information for use needed during the lifetime of the supported product . 33
7.10.1 General . 33
7.10.2 Re-packaging of the supported product . 33
7.10.3 Transportation and storage of the supported product . 33
7.10.4 Installation of the supported product . 34
7.10.5 Commissioning of the supported product . 34
7.10.6 Modification of the supported product . 34
7.10.7 Operation of the supported product . 34
7.10.8 Indications of faults and warning device signals of the supported
product . 35
7.10.9 Meanings of signals of the supported product . 36
7.10.10 Maintenance of the supported product by non-skilled and skilled

persons . 36
7.10.11 Maintenance of complex systems . 36
7.10.12 Troubleshooting and repair of the supported product by non-skilled and
skilled persons. 37
7.10.13 Replacement of parts of the supported product by non-skilled and
skilled persons. 38
7.10.14 Disassembly, recycling, disposal of the supported product . 38
7.11 Safety-related information . 39
7.11.1 Types of safety-related information . 39
7.11.2 Location of safety-related information . 39
7.11.3 Precautions for particular target audiences . 39
7.11.4 Safety notes . 40
7.11.5 Warning messages . 40
7.11.6 Safety-related information in quick-start guides . 41
7.12 Instructions for assembly of self-assembly products . 41
7.13 Information for use for a complex system . 42
7.14 Information security and data privacy . 42

– 4 – IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019
© IEC/IEEE 2019
7.14.1 General . 42
7.14.2 Functions for access control or protection of sensitive data . 42
7.15 Training . 43
8 Structure of information for use . 43
8.1 General . 43
8.2 Information types . 43
8.3 Structuring . 44
8.3.1 General . 44
8.3.2 Use of information models . 44
8.3.3 Use of leading criteria . 44
8.3.4 Detailed structure of step-by-step instructions . 45
8.4 Navigation and information delivery . 46
8.4.1 General . 46
8.4.2 Navigating printed information for use . 46
8.4.3 Dynamic delivery . 46
9 Media and format of information for use . 47
9.1 General . 47
9.2 Durability of chosen media . 48
9.3 Use of animation or audio-visual demonstrations . 48
9.4 Location and availability . 48
9.5 Printable information . 48
9.6 User interaction and search features . 49
9.7 Downloadable information for use . 49
9.8 Suitability for the conditions of use of the supported product . 49
9.9 Consistency of format . 49
9.10 Legibility, readability and comprehensibility . 50
9.10.1 Text font sizes and heights of safety signs and graphical symbols . 50
9.10.2 Maximum brightness contrast . 52
9.10.3 Information for use provided on the supported product or packaging . 52
9.10.4 Minimum heights of safety signs and graphical symbols . 52
9.10.5 Rules for simple wording . 52
9.10.6 Function of information sections . 52
9.11 Use of visualization . 52
9.11.1 Graphical symbols and safety signs . 52
9.11.2 Illustrations . 53
9.11.3 Information content of illustrations . 53
9.11.4 Illustration with captions . 53
9.12 Use of tables. 53
9.13 Use of colours . 53
9.14 Use of icons . 53
9.15 Attracting attention to safety-related information . 54
9.15.1 General . 54
9.15.2 Durability and visibility . 54
10 Professional competencies . 54
10.1 General . 54
10.2 Task-related competencies . 54
10.3 Level of proficiency . 55
10.3.1 General . 55
10.3.2 Proficiency level 1 . 55

© IEC/IEEE 2019
10.3.3 Proficiency level 2 . 55
10.3.4 Proficiency level 3 . 56
10.4 Competencies of translators. 56
Annex A (informative) Guidance on evaluation . 57
A.1 General . 57
A.2 Assessing fulfillment of requirements for information for use supporting a
particular product . 57
A.2.1 Comprehensiveness check . 57
A.2.2 Inspection for effectiveness (desk check) . 57
A.2.3 Empirical effectiveness check . 57
A.2.4 Useful additional checks . 58
A.3 Evaluating the fulfilment of requirements for an information management
process . 58
A.3.1 Process evaluation . 58
A.3.2 Competency evaluation . 58
A.4 Guidance on conducting an evaluation . 58
A.4.1 Result of the evaluation and corrective actions . 58
A.4.2 Evaluation of similar information for use (conferrable evaluations) . 59
Bibliography . 60

Figure 1 – Concept of information for use . 9
Figure 2 – Examples for notice to retain information . 31

Table 1 – Examples of empirical methods . 28
Table 2 – Structuring principles . 45
Table 3 – Examples of considerations for the choice of media . 49
Table 4 – Minimum recommended text font sizes and heights of safety signs and
graphical symbols . 51

– 6 – IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019
© IEC/IEEE 2019
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PREPARATION OF INFORMATION FOR USE
(INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE) OF PRODUCTS –

Part 1: Principles and general requirements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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IEEE Standards documents are developed within IEEE Societies and Standards Coordinating Committees of the
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IEC collaborates closely with IEEE in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
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2) The formal decisions of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or IEEE or their directors, employees, servants or agents including individual
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IEC/IEEE Publication or any other IEC or IEEE Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that implementation of this IEC/IEEE Publication may require use of
material covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the
existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. IEC or IEEE shall not be held responsible for
identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal
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non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent
rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

© IEC/IEEE 2019
International Standard IEC/IEEE 82079-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 3:
Information structures and elements, identification and marking principles, documentation and
graphical symbols, in cooperation with the Computer Society, Systems and Software
Engineering Standards Committee of the IEEE, under the IEC/IEEE Dual Logo Agreement and
in cooperation with subcommittee 1: Basic conventions of ISO technical committee 10:
Technical product documentation.
It is published as an IEC/ISO/IEEE triple logo standard.
It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108 [59].
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2012. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The structure of this document has been rearranged in order to facilitate application of the
standard and to make it easier to find information. Where possible, the language has been
simplified.
b) Information for use is introduced as a generic term. Instructions for use is a synonym for
information for use. Step-by-step instructions is used as a subset of information for use.
c) Clause 5 (principles) is revised and focuses on the purpose of information for use, the
quality of information and the process for management of information.
d) The process for preparation of information for use is integrated in the normative part and
addressed comprehensively.
e) Empirical methods for the evaluation of information for use are described in the normative
part.
f) The professional competencies needed for the preparation of information for use are
addressed more comprehensively.
g) Some aspects have been added to general requirements for information for use for
complex systems of systems.
h) Consideration is given to instructions for self-assembly products.
i) An informative annex providing guidance on the fulfilment of specified requirements is
introduced.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following IEC documents:
FDIS Report on voting
3/1390/FDIS 3/1401/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the 82079 International Standard, published under the general title
Preparation of information for use (instructions for use) of products, can be found on the IEC
website.
– 8 – IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019
© IEC/IEEE 2019
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
© IEC/IEEE 2019
INTRODUCTION
Information for use is a part of any type of product it supports. A product can be a system, a
service, goods, software, information, or a combination thereof. People depend on the
information provided to use products safely, effectively, and efficiently, unless they receive
training from a human instructor or unless the functions are entirely intuitive. Confusing
product information and inadequate instructions are major sources of frustration for
consumers and skilled workers. Defective information can pose a risk of harm or loss, leading
to prosecution or liability claims against the supplier or brand owner.
Information for use consists of three information types: conceptual information that the target
audience needs to understand, instructional information to be followed or considered, and
reference information to be consulted when needed. The information for use can include
various information products that are selected, presented, and delivered on different media to
meet the needs of different target audiences (Figure 1).

Figure 1 – Concept of information for use
Some product-specific information requirements (e.g. the wording of warnings or positioning
of labels) are specified in standards for individual types or classes of products, but these do
not provide a complete set of requirements for information for use. This document gives
principles and general requirements for conveying information to users that are as applicable
to complex and safety-critical systems (e.g. industrial plants), as they are to simple consumer
products (e.g. a can of paint), to software, and to specialized testing equipment. Information
for use is needed for anyone (skilled and unskilled) who encounters a product for the first
time: whether to assemble from a kit, install, operate, maintain, or dispose of it.
The principles for preparing information for use of products are horizontally applicable across
product sectors because all target audiences are human and subject to human error. The
techniques found to be most effective to help such audiences to absorb new information are
generally similar, as are their capabilities for misunderstanding language or images. What

– 10 – IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019
© IEC/IEEE 2019
works best in information gathering and delivery (e.g. in content, wording, graphics, testing,
and management of the whole process) has emerged from experience and practice in the
fields of human factors and technical communication. This document is applicable on its own
or can be referenced in product standards that include requirements to provide the target
audience with information for use, for example, step-by-step instructions or other information
products.
This document is addressed to those who prepare information for use; managers of
organizations that produce or purchase products, systems, or services; human factors
consultants; and product enforcement agencies.
It covers the following aspects:
• information content: conceptual information the target audiences need to understand,
procedures they have to undertake, and the reference information they need to consult at
some point;
• options for information to be provided as a single deliverable (e.g. a product manual) or
across several types of information product, such as labelling on the product itself or
packaging, accompanying electronic files, sheets, a website, booklets, printable files,
videos, or searchable databases;
• effective use of language, text, illustrations, symbols, audio or video to communicate
elements of information;
• processes and competencies involved in establishing content and preparing output; and
• means of assessing the fulfilment of requirements in accordance with this document.

© IEC/IEEE 2019
PREPARATION OF INFORMATION FOR USE
(INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE) OF PRODUCTS –

Part 1: Principles and general requirements

1 Scope
This part of 82079 International Standard provides principles and general requirements for
information for the use of products.
Information for use is:
• necessary for the safe use of a product;
• helpful for the efficient and effective use of a product; and
• often necessary to fulfil market, legal, and regulatory obligations.
Products include, for example:
• industrial products (e.g. machinery, components, devices, and equipment);
• consumer products (e.g. household appliances, audio-visual devices, communication
devices, and do-it-yourself products);
• medical devices, equipment and systems;
• complex systems of systems (e.g. industrial plants, refineries, production sites, and data
centres);
• means of transport (e.g. cars, trucks, ships, and airplanes);
• application software (e.g. office software and web applications);
• software for operation and automatic control of systems; and
• technical services.
Information for use of products applies to phases of the product life cycle such as transport,
assembly, installation, commissioning, operation, monitoring, troubleshooting, maintenance,
repair, decommissioning, and disposal, and the appropriate tasks performed by skilled and
unskilled persons.
This document provides the common and fundamental aspects serving as the binding and
generic framework for prospective additional parts of this document.
This document applies to information for use whether provided as electronic or printed
information products, for example:
• service information for machinery, provided as PDF file for web download for trained
service technicians;
• information for operation of software, provided electronically with the software as an online
help;
• troubleshooting information for an operator, on a machine's on-screen display;
• functional description of a medical device on a website;
• information for assembly, printed and provided in the packaging of a piece of furniture for
consumers;
• printed information for maintenance for an automatic coffee machine;

– 12 – IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019
© IEC/IEEE 2019
• installation planning information for a safety sensor, downloadable from a website for
mechanical engineers;
• product tutorial as a web-based training aid;
• materials for product on-site training; and
• label for transportation personnel, printed on the packaging of a heavy containment
vessel.
This document is intended for use by all parties responsible for or involved in the
conceptualization, creation, maintenance, translation, localization, integration of content,
production, provision and evaluation, acquisition and supply of information for use.
The parties concerned with information for use include the following:
• acquirers and suppliers of products;
• managers with process or product responsibilities;
• content owners and content creators such as technical writers, information developers,
and illustrators;
• technical translators, localization and terminology experts; and
• authorities, agencies and authorized experts.
The aim of this document is to provide these parties with the common and fundamental basis
for developing information for use of supported products of the required quality.
This document is intended to be applied and referenced in product-specific standards,
including those that specify the content of information for use of those products, for example,
IEC 60335 for all parts for household electrical products, ISO 20607* for machinery, and
ISO/IEC 26514 for systems and software. It is intended as a basis to elaborate
product-specific requirements for target audiences or product information.
* Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 20607:2018.
This horizontal standard is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the
preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 108.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
horizontal standards in the preparation of its publications. The contents of this horizontal
standard will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment (available at http://www.graphical-
symbols.info/equipment)
IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at http://std.iec.ch/iec60617)
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs

© IEC/IEEE 2019
ISO 5807, Information processing – Documentation symbols and conventions for data,
program and system flowcharts, program network charts and system resources charts
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment (available at http://www.graphical-
symbols.info/equipment)
ISO 7010:2011, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Registered safety
signs
ISO 9241-300, Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Part 300: Introduction to electronic
visual display requirements
ISO 14617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
IEC, ISO, and IEEE maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the
following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
• IEEE Standards Dictionary Online: available at
http://ieeexplore.ieee.or
...