EN 16517:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2022
Kmetijski in gozdarski stroji - Mobilni žični žerjavi za spravilo lesa - Varnost
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for timber logging - Safety
Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois
- Sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16517:2021
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
65.060.80 Gozdarska oprema Forestry equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16517
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20; C
English Version
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for
timber logging - Safety
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen
mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois - Sécurité für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16517:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of significant hazards . 12
5 Safety requirements and / or protective risk reduction measures . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Structural calculations . 16
5.2.1 General . 16
5.2.2 Information to be given in the calculation . 17
5.2.3 Loads and forces . 17
5.2.4 Load combinations . 17
5.3 Stress analyses . 18
5.4 Mechanical arrangements. 18
5.4.1 Tower. 18
5.4.2 Guying . 18
5.4.3 Stabilizers . 18
5.4.4 Securing for transport . 18
5.5 Rope drive – Drive mechanism . 18
5.5.1 General . 18
5.5.2 Ropes . 19
5.5.3 Winches . 20
5.5.4 Designs of blocks, drums, traction sheave . 20
5.5.5 Brake. 20
5.6 Carriage . 21
5.6.1 Derailing . 21
5.6.2 Stopping devices . 21
5.6.3 Carriage clamp . 21
5.6.4 Drums and pulleys . 21
5.6.5 Load balance . 21
5.6.6 Diameter of pulley and roller . 21
5.7 Hydraulic system . 22
5.8 Limiting and indicating devices . 22
5.8.1 Load limiter . 22
5.8.2 Motion limiters . 22
5.8.3 Speed limiters . 22
5.8.4 Acoustic/visual warnings . 22
5.8.5 General safe stop (GSS) . 22
5.9 Controls . 22
5.9.1 General . 22
5.9.2 Control from different control stations . 23
5.9.3 Controls automatic returning to neutral position . 23
5.9.4 Controls with holding position . 23
5.9.5 Emergency devices against uncontrolled 'carriage' downhill movement . 23
5.9.6 Symbols . 23
5.10 Control stations . 23
5.10.1 General . 23
5.10.2 Operator cabin . 24
5.10.3 Safety . 24
5.10.4 Ground control . 24
5.10.5 Control station for setting up . 24
5.11 Platform and ladder . 24
5.11.1 Platform . 24
5.11.2 Ladder . 24
5.11.3 Strength and rigidity of components . 25
5.12 Electrical systems . 25
5.13 Assembly of machine components . 25
5.13.1 Attachment to three-point hitch system . 25
5.13.2 Combination of components of different manufacturers . 25
6 Verification of safety requirements and measures . 25
7 Information for use . 26
7.1 Mounting instructions. 26
7.1.1 General . 26
7.1.2 Instructions for assembly . 26
7.2 Markings . 27
7.2.1 General . 27
7.2.2 Manufacturer's plate . 27
7.2.3 Installer's plate . 28
7.2.4 Load signs . 28
7.2.5 Warnings . 28
7.3 Operator's manual. 28
Annex A (informative) Risk zone . 30
Annex ZA (informative)  Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered. 32
Bibliography . 35

European foreword
This document (EN 16517:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
Cable yarders in the context of this document are machines consisting of a yarder (including all
components), ropes (cables, lines) and a transporter system (carriage, rider block or butt rigg) where
the trees/logs/wooden biomass is hooked on to the transporter. The yarder is mounted on a chassis
(wheeled, tracked or sledge frame) and is designed for a quick change of location. In most cases, the
logging operations change position on a 1-3 day frequency.
Typical operation for cable yarders is the close collaboration of mechanized components with workers,
often in rough terrain. Cable yarding includes a lot of manual work in very difficult terrain where the
weight of the tools and ropes has a direct impact on the operators' ergonomic workload. Ergonomics
play therefore an important role in choosing adequate working coefficients for all elements. A review of
the relevant literature; historical experience and operation of cable yarders have indicated a wide range
of working coefficients (safety factor) with a focus on 2, 5 to 3 for the skyline and mainline.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those, which are stated in type-A or type-
B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
1 Scope
This document gives safety requirements, and the means of verification, for the design and construction
of mobile yarders for logging of forest products and their mounting. It counts for all logging operations
with cable yarders both in sloped and flat terrain. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe
working practices (including residual risks) meant to be provided by the manufacturer.
It deals with the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1), hazardous situations and events relevant to
mobile yarders used as intended and under the conditions of misuse foreseeable by the manufacturer
(see Clauses 4 and 5).
Emission of noise (with regard to airborne noise) is not covered by this document.
It is not applicable to:
— rope splicing;
— ancillary loaders or cable cranes;
— cableways for material transport (other than wood); and
— skidder winches (skidding).
The specifications of cabin in this context are only relevant for the yarder or a yarder-loader
combination. The cabin and the chassis of the vehicle (prime mover), to which the yarder is mounted
are not part of this document.
This document is not applicable to mobile yarders manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 353-1:2014+A1:2017, Personal fall protection equipment - Guided type fall arresters including an
anchor line - Part 1: Guided type fall arresters including a rigid anchor line
EN 353-2:2002, Personal protective equipment against falls from a height - Part 2: Guided type fall
arresters including a flexible anchor line
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety - Requirements for health and safety - Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 12385-1:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
EN 12385-3:2020, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 3: Information for use and maintenance
EN 12385-4:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting
applications
EN 12965:2019, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Power take-off (PTO) drive shafts
and their guards - Safety
EN 12999:2020, Cranes - Loader cranes
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes - Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2020, Cranes - Access
EN 17067:2018, Forestry machinery - Safety requirements on radio remote controls
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2016)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60947-5-5:1997, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and
switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function
(IEC 60947-5-5:1997)
EN 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2005)
EN 61000-6-4:2007, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:2006)
EN ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope (ISO 3411:2007)
EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)

As impacted by EN 60947-5-5:1997/A1:2005, EN 60947-5-5:1997/A2:2017 and EN 60947-5-5:1997/A11:2013.
As impacted by EN 61000-6-2:2005/AC:2005.
As impacted by EN 61000-6-4:2007/A1:2011.
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO
13850:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
ISO 730:2009, Agricultural wheeled tractors — Rear-mounted three-point linkage — Categories 1N, 1,
2N, 2, 3N, 3, 4N and 4
ISO 3600:2015, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Operator's manuals — Content and format
ISO 4309:2017, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 6750-1:2019, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's manual — Part 1: Contents and format
ISO 7000:2019, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 8083:2006, Machinery for forestry — Falling-object protective structures (FOPS) — Laboratory tests
and performance requirements
ISO 8084:2003, Machinery for forestry — Operator protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 16625:2013, Cranes and hoists — Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cableway
suspended cable used as an elevated rope along which a carriage can be pulled or moved

As impacted by ISO 730:2009/AMD 1:2014.
3.2
yarder
mobile or semi mobile unit that consists of a set of winch drums/pulley’s to operate lines for a
temporary cableway
Note 1 to entry: An ancillary carriage is pulled or moved by a cable (main line and/or haul back line) on the
suspended cable way which is used to bring the trees/logs/wooden biomass to the unloading zone. It can be
mounted on a sledge, behind or on a tractor, skidder or a truck.
3.3
tower yarder
yarder mounted to a vehicle or a trailer (prime mover) with integrated tower that can be tilted and/or
telescoped to horizontal position or retracted for transport reasons
3.4
butt rig
system of swivels, chain-like links, shackles, and bull hooks connected between the mainline and the
haul back line
Note 1 to entry: Chokers are attached to the butt rig with choker hooks (see 3.22).
3.5
rider block
block running (riding) on the haul backline to lift the butt rig which is connected to the rider block with
a short strap or chain
3.6
carriage
wheeled equipment that moves along the skyline with components to transport and lift loads
(trees/logs/wooden biomass)
Note 1 to entry: Movement can be provided by the mainline, haul-backline or separate integral engine.
3.7
skyline
cable on which the carriage rides
Note 1 to entry: It is the top line in the system.
3.8
main line
haul-in line
cable to pull the carriage directly to the yarder that can also be used for lifting, lowering and lateral
hauling of the load (log)
3.9
haul-back line
cable to pull the carriage away from the yarder that can also be used for lifting, lowering and lateral
hauling of the load (log)
Note 1 to entry: In high lead systems, it takes over the carrying function.
3.10
auxiliary line
cable for additional functions without carrying or retaining function
3.11
slack-pulling line
cable activating clamps or switching operations at the carriage without carrying or retaining function
3.12
setup-line
cable to supply the setup; without carrying or retaining function
3.13
lift line
cable exclusively to lower, lift and lateral haul the load (trees/logs/wooden biomass)
3.14
guy line
fixed ropes to rig the yarder, the intermediate supports or spar trees under the applied loads
3.15
tensioning line
cable as component of a tensioning tool
3.16
skidding line dutchman
cable (separate drive) to pull away the loads from the landing zone that can be used for lateral
positioning of the other lines on the area of operations
3.17
mounting (straw) line
light weight cable (separate drive) exclusively for installation and dismantling purposes
3.18
transverse line
cross line
cable or chain to carry the block or support saddle
3.19
fixing line
cable, belt, strap or chain to attach components to stumps, trees, plate and pin, earth anchors or rock
bolts
3.20
intermediate support line
line to keep intermediate supports in position
3.21
auxillary equipment
accessories which are subordinated
EXAMPLE Choker.
3.22
choker
equipment to bundle/concentrate the load constructed from either polypropylene rope, steel rope or
chain links
Note 1 to entry: Chokers are lifting accessories for fixing the load to lift line.
3.23
anchoring line
system of cables, chains, belts and similar parts to setup, fix towers and supports in a stable position
3.24
fail-safe brake
automatically applied brake
brake that applies when the control device is not actively held in the open position
3.25
control station
operator work station
position where the control units of the yarder/cable-winch and/or carriage are placed
3.26
stabilizer
mechanical parts to guarantee (sometimes in combination with guylines) to keep the tower yarder in
balance
3.27
load limiter
element to avoid overstepping of the maximum allowable force in ropes
3.28
motion limiter
element to limit uncontrolled moves of the carriage or the load
Note 1 to entry: That is important for automatic controlled moves in order to avoid driving into areas where
other activities need the attention of operators and hinder them from taking over the control of the movements.
3.29
speed limiter
element to limit the speed of the carriage
3.30
uphill yarding
yarding system where the logs are pulled uphill
Note 1 to entry: If the inclination of the cableway is steep enough, gravity is used to bring the carriage down to
the loading spots
3.31
downhill yarding
yarding system where the logs are moved downhill
Note 1 to entry: The traditional system had a sled winch at the uphill position and used gravity to move the
carriage with the load downhill. Modern tower yarders are positioned on the bottom, of the skyline. A haul back
line or self-propelled carriage is used to bring the carriage upward to the loading spot.
3.32
all-terrain yarding
yarding system for flat areas where the carriage has to be actively moved in both directions (in and out)
3.33
standing skyline
system where the skyline is fixed on both ends, with the forces resulting of the pretension, the payload
and the position of the carriage (maximum in mid of the longest span)
3.34
living skyline
system where the skyline can be hauled in or out during operation, used to lead the logs hooked to the
carriage close to the terrain
Note 1 to entry: Part of the load is on the ground and therefore the payload is reduced.
3.35
running skyline
system where the skyline is installed as a loop with a winch on both ends, the rider block, carriage or a
simple butt rig being fixed between the skyline (mainline) and the haul back line
Note 1 to entry: The most common running skyline system is high lead yarding.
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 gives the significant hazard(s), the significant hazardous situation(s) and hazardous event(s)
covered by this document that have been identified by risk assessment as being significant for this type
of machine, and which require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or reduce
the risk.
Attention is drawn to the necessity to verify that the safety requirements specified in this document
apply to each significant hazard presented by a given machine and to validate that the risk assessment.
Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with mobile yarders
Clause/ subclause of
No. Hazard, hazardous situation or hazardous event
this document
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 By machine parts and components: e.g. 7.2.5, 7.3
1.1 a Form 7.2.5, 7.3
1.1 b Spatial assembly 7.2.5, 7.3
1.1 c Mass and stability (potential energy of parts, moving by gravity) 5.2, 5.3
1.1 d Mass and Speed (kinetic energy of parts in case of controlled or 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6
uncontrolled inadequate mechanical strength)
1.1 e Inadequate mechanical strength. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5.2.1,
5.6
1.1 f Energy accumulation inside the machine 5.5, 5.7, 5.12
1.1 g Caused by elastic elements (spring) 5.5, 5.7
1.1 h Caused by liquids and gases under pressure; 5.7
Clause/ subclause of
No. Hazard, hazardous situation or hazardous event
this document
1.1 i By vacuums –
1.2 Basic mechanical hazards
1.2 a Crushing 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 b Shearing 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 c Cutting 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 d Entanglement 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 e Drawing-in or trapping 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 f Impact 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 g Stabbing or puncture 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 h Friction and abrasion 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10.2
1.2 i High pressure fluid injection or ejection 5.7
2 Electrical Hazards
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 7.3
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty 7.3
conditions (indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage 7.3
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena 7.3
2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten 7.3
particles and chemical effects from short circuits, overloads, etc.
3 Thermal Hazards resulting in
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons with 5.10.2
objects or materials with an extreme high or low temperature, by flames
or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources
3.2
Damage to health by hot or cold working environment 5.10.2
5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.1 Usage of hand-held machinery generating angiopathy or neural –
disturbances Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVs)
5.2
Whole body vibrations (WBV) 5.10.2
6 Hazard generated by radiation
6.1 Low frequencies, radio frequency and micro waves –
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their
constituent elements) processed or used by the machinery
7.1 Hazard by contact or inhale of hazardous liquids, gases, mist, steam, or 5.10.3
dust
7.2 Hazard by fire or explosion –
Clause/ subclause of
No. Hazard, hazardous situation or hazardous event
this document
7.3 Biologic and micro biologic hazards (viruses and bacteria) –
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machinery design, as e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.10.2
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 5.10.2
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 7.2.5, 7.3
8.4 Inadequate local lighting 7.2.5, 7.3
8.5 Mental under load or overload, stress 7.2.5, 7.3
8.6 Human error, human behaviour 7.2.5, 7.3
8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.8
8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display units 5.8
9 Combination of hazards 7.3
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/over speed (or any 7.3
similar malfunction) from
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 5.9.1, 5.8.5, 5.12
10.2 Return of energy after breaks 5.7,
10.3 External influences on electrical resources (tools and materials) 5.12,
10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, atmosphere, etc.) 5.10,
10.5 Software bugs - bugs in control logic 5.12
10.6 Handling error (see also 8.6) 5.9.3
11 Hazard caused by missing option to shut down the machine under 7.3
optimal conditions
12 Change of rotation frequency of tools –
13 Energy blackout 5.5.3, 5.5.5
14 Loss of control system 5.5.5.6
15 Assembly errors 7.3 u)
16 Structural defect during operation 7.3
17 Hazard caused by falling down / spraying of parts or liquids 5.7
18 Loss of stability/ overturning of machine 5.4.2
19 Slipping, stumbling and falling of persons 5.11, 7.2.5, 7.3
20 Hazards due to the mobility of machinery 7.2.5, 7.3
20.1 Unintended/ unexpected movements of the vehicle during the start of 7.2.5, 7.3
the vehicle engine
20.2 Unintended/ unexpected movements without driver 7.2.5, 7.3
20.3 Transfer without all parts secured 7.2.5, 7.3
Clause/ subclause of
No. Hazard, hazardous situation or hazardous event
this document
20.4 Too high speed of trailers –
20.5 Too high vibrations during transfer –
20.6 Inadequate equipment to slow down and stop the machinery 5.5.5
21 Hazards caused by the position of the control station (including 5.10
operators cab)
21.1 Slump and fall of persons during access of control stations (see also 19) 5.11
21.2 Health risk by exhaust gases or lack of oxygen at the workplace 5.10, 7.3
21.3 Fire risk at the control stations 5.10, 7.3
21.4 Mechanical risk at the control stations: (see also 1.1) 5.10, 7.3
21.4.a Contact with wheels 7.3
21.4.b Risk of overturning –
21.4.c Hazard caused by falling down / puncture of parts 5.10.3
21.4.d Breakage of rotating parts (on high speed) 7.2.5, 7.3
21.4.e Contact of persons with parts and tools of machinery 7.2.5, 7.3
21.5 Inadequate visibility field from control stations 5.9.2
21.6 Inadequate lightening of work space 7.3
21.7 Inadequate seat 5.10.2
21.9 Vibration at the workplace 7.3
21.10 Insufficient possibility to leave the control station in case of need. 7.3
22 Hazards caused by the control unit.
22.1 Inadequate location of control levers 5.9.1
22.2 Inadequate design of control levers and mode of operation 5.9.1
23 Hazard caused by usage / setup of the machine (missing structural 7.3 u)
stability)
24 Hazards caused by operating power and power transmission 5.5.1
24.1 By engine and batteries 5.5.1
24.2 By power transmission between machines 5.7
24.3 By clutch and wire rope 5.5, 5.5.3.1
25 By / for other persons 7.3
25.1 Unauthorized start-up / use 5.9
25.2 Movement of parts beyond the limiting position 5.8.2
25.3 Missing or insufficient optic and acoustic warning signals 5.6, 7.3
26 Hazards due to insufficient instructions for operator/driver 7.1, 7.3
Clause/ subclause of
No. Hazard, hazardous situation or hazardous event
this document
27 Mechanical Hazards and hazardous events due to lifting (chapter 4
of the directive)
27.1 From load falls, collision, machine tipping caused by: 5.5
27.1.1 Lack of stability 7.1,7.3
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning moments exceeded 7.2.4, 7.3
27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 7.3
27.1.4 Unexpected / unintended movement of loads 7.3
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices / accessories 7.3
27.1.6 Collision of machines 7.1,7.3
27.2 Access of persons to the risk area of load 7.3
27.3 Derailing 5.6.1
27.4 Insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.2
27.5 Insufficient design of load pick up, hook, drums. 5.5
27.6 Inadequate choice / assembly of chains, wire rope, attachment devices 5.5.2
27.7 Lowering the load by friction brake 5.5
27.8 From abnormal conditions for assembly / testing/ use/ maintenance Clause 6, 7.2
27.9 Crash of persons into load / counterweight 7.1, 7.3
28 Electrical hazards 7.3
28.1 Lightning 7.3
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles 5.9
29.1 Insufficient visibility from the operator position / 5.10, 5.5.3.1
5 Safety requirements and / or protective risk reduction measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this
Clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for
relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Structural calculations
5.2.1 General
For load-bearing parts, all relevant forces, their possible direction of application and possible load
combinations that result from the setup configurations shall be taken into account.
The minimum safety factor of lifting accessories is 2,0. For ropes, the minimum safety factors are given
in 5.5.2.
The calculation of the forces in ropes shall take into account the maximum pulling forces of winches and
forces arising from the application of brakes.
Dynamic coefficients are not necessary, it can be demonstrated that appropriate elements provide
sufficient prevention of significant dynamic effects (e.g. increased loading avoided by elasticity of
cables, multiple spans with slipping over cable supports).
Calculation procedures necessary for the user for the correct setup and use of the equipment shall be
given in the operator’s manual.
5.2.2 Information to be given in the calculation
The following information shall be given in the calculation:
a) type of yarder and mode of operation;
b) the assumed loading conditions for all relevant set-up situations;
c) details of the load carrying system reflecting actual service conditions including outline drawings
and principal dimensions;
d) the material for the individual components and joints;
e) the shapes, dimensions and static cross-section values of all load-carrying members;
f) the minimum working coefficient of ropes (e.g. skyline, mainline, haul-back line, guy lines).
5.2.3 Loads and forces
The following loads and forces shall be taken into account:
a) Regular loads:
1) dead loads;
2) cable forces;
3) dynamic forces, e.g.: abrupt braking, catching of load and trapped load.
b) Occasional loads:
1) loads on stairways, platforms and hand rails. See 5.11.
c) Exceptional loads:
1) test loads;
2) emergency stop, hydraulic hose failure and subsequent application of hose rupture valve;
3) sudden release of the load, e.g. rope failure, sling failure.
NOTE See 7.3 a) 2) for wind forces.
5.2.4 Load combinations
Loads shall be combined in the most unfavourable way to determine the maximum stresses the yarder
will experience during normal operation.
5.3 Stress analyses
The strength of the steel structure may be assessed in connection with EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018.
The limit states as given in EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018 shall be used in conjunction with a static
analysis made for all foreseen cable setups.
5.4 Mechanical arrangements
5.4.1 Tower
5.4.1.1 In working position, the tower shall be mechanically secured (e.g. bolt with locking nut or
pin). For hydraulically operated tower extensions unintended movements (e.g. by failure or leakage of
the hydraulic system) shall be prevented in each working position (e.g. by mechanical elements). The
secure position of automatic locking systems shall be visible from outside.
Manual tower extensions shall have pull out stops which are, for example, spring loaded to provide
automatic positive (form defined) and mechanical locking when engaged.
5.4.1.2 The stability of the yarder shall be guaranteed by the use of guy-lines or stabilizers. This
shall limit the movement of the tower and avoid tower collapse in case of cable failure. These limiters
shall not disturb regular operations. The use of multiple guy lines could fulfil this requirement.
5.4.2 Guying
The stability of yarders during operation shall be ensured by
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