EN ISO 14555:2006

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO 14555:2006)Soudage - Soudage a l'arc des goujons sur les matériaux métalliques (ISO 14555:2006)Schweißen - Lichtbogenbolzenschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 14555:2006)Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 14555:2006SIST EN ISO 14555:2007en25.160.10Varilni postopki in varjenjeWelding processesICS:SIST EN ISO 14555:19991DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN ISO 14555:200701-marec-2007

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 14555October 2006ICS 25.160.10Supersedes EN ISO 14555:1998
English VersionWelding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO14555:2006)Soudage - Soudage à l'arc des goujons sur les matériauxmétalliques (ISO 14555:2006)Schweißen - Lichtbogenbolzenschweißen von metallischenWerkstoffen (ISO 14555:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 September 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14555:2006: E

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 14555:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 "Welding", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14555:1998.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14555:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14555:2006 without any modifications.

Reference numberISO 14555:2006(E)© ISO 2006
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14555Second edition2006-10-01Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials Soudage — Soudage à l'arc des goujons sur les matériaux métalliques

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ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.v Introduction.vi 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.4 4.1 Symbols.4 4.2 Abbreviated terms.4 5 Technical review.5 6 Welding personnel.5 6.1 Stud-welding operators.5 6.2 Welding coordination.5 7 Equipment.6 7.1 Production equipment.6 7.2 Description of the equipment.6 7.3 Maintenance.6 8 Production planning.7 9 Welding procedure specification (WPS).7 9.1 General.7 9.2 Information related to the manufacturer.7 9.3 Information related to the parent material.7 9.4 Welding process.7 9.5 Joint.8 9.6 Studs.8 9.7 Auxiliaries.8 9.8 Power source.9 9.9 Movable fixtures.9 9.10 Welding variables.9 9.11 Thermal conditions.10 9.12 Post-weld heat-treatment.10 9.13 Non-thermal treatment after welding.10 10 Welding procedure qualification.10 10.1 Principles.10 10.2 Welding procedure tests.10 10.3 Pre-production tests.14 10.4 Previous experience.14 10.5 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR).15 11 Examination and testing.15 11.1 General.15 11.2 Visual examination.15 11.3 Bend testing.15 11.4 Tensile testing.18 11.5 Torque test.21 11.6 Macro examination.22 11.7 Radiographic examination.22

ISO 14555:2006(E) iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 12 Acceptance criteria.22 12.1 General.22 12.2 Acceptance criteria for visual examination.23 12.3 Acceptance criteria for bend testing.23 12.4 Acceptance criteria for tensile testing.23 12.5 Acceptance criteria for torque testing.23 12.6 Acceptance criteria for macro examination.23 12.7 Acceptance criteria for radiographic examination.23 12.8 Acceptance criteria for additional tests.24 13 Workmanship.24 14 Process control.24 14.1 General.24 14.2 Production test.25 14.3 Simplified production test.25 14.4 Re-testing for production test or simplified production test.26 14.5 Production surveillance.26 14.6 Production surveillance record.26 14.7 Non-conformance and corrective actions.26 14.8 Calibration of the measuring and testing equipment.27 Annex A (informative)
Processing of stud welding.28 Annex B (normative)
Quality requirements for stud welding.48 Annex C (informative)
Manufacturer's welding procedure specification (WPS).49 Annex D (informative)
Welding procedure qualification record form (WPQR) (for drawn-arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas and short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding).50 Annex E (informative)
Welding procedure qualification record form (WPQR) (for capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition and capacitor discharge drawn-arc stud welding).54 Annex F (informative)
Test results — Production test (for drawn-arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas and short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding).57 Annex G (informative)
Test results — Production test (for capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition and capacitor discharge drawn-arc stud welding).59 Annex H (informative)
Example for production surveillance record.61 Bibliography.62

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14555 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14555:1998), which has been technically revised. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at http://www.iso.org.

ISO 14555:2006(E) vi © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Introduction The purpose of arc stud welding is to weld predominantly pin-shaped metal parts to metal workpieces. In this International Standard it is referred to simply as stud welding. Amongst other things, stud welding is used in bridge building (especially in composite structures), steel structures, shipbuilding, facade-wall fabrication, vehicle manufacture, equipment design, steam-boiler construction, and the manufacture of household appliances. The quality of a stud weld depends not only on strict compliance with the welding procedure specification but also on the correct function of the actuating mechanism (e.g. welding guns), and on the condition of the components, of the accessories and of the power supply. This International Standard does not invalidate former specifications, providing the technical requirements are equivalent and satisfied.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials 1 Scope This International Standard covers arc stud welding of metallic materials subject to static and dynamic loading. It specifies requirements that are particular to stud welding, in relation to welding knowledge, quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure qualification, qualification testing of operators and testing of production welds. This International Standard is appropriate where it is necessary to demonstrate the capability of a manufacturer to produce welded construction of a specified quality. NOTE General quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials are given in ISO 3834-1, ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3, ISO 3834-4 and ISO 3834-5. This International Standard has been prepared in a comprehensive manner, with a view to its being used as a reference in contracts. The requirements contained within it can be adopted in full, or partially, if certain requirements are not relevant to a particular construction (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: Metal welding processes ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 1: Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Standard quality requirements ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary quality requirements ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers ISO 6947, Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation ISO 9606-1, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels ISO 9606-2, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys ISO 13918:—1), Welding — Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 13918:1998)

ISO 14555:2006(E) 2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ISO 14175, Welding consumables — Shielding gases for arc welding and cutting ISO 14731, Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities ISO 14732:1998, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials ISO 15607:2003, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General rules ISO/TR 15608, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system ISO 15611, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on previous welding experience ISO 15613, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test ISO 15614-1:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys ISO 15614-2, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys ISO 17636, Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints ISO 17662, Welding — Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including ancillary activities 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1, ISO 3834-1, ISO 4063, ISO 14731, ISO 14732 and ISO 15607 and the following apply. 3.1 stud fastener to be attached by stud welding 3.2 auxiliaries ceramic ferrules and shielding gases 3.3 stud-welding operator operating personnel for stud-welding equipment NOTE In special cases (e.g. mass production at the manufacturer's factory) the welding can be carried out by suitable auxiliary personnel, appropriately trained and supervised. 3.4 stud diameter d stud nominal diameter NOTE See ISO 13918. 3.5 welding diameter dw diameter at the weld base

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 33.6 weld zone welded area underneath the welding diameter 3.7 current intensity root-mean-square (RMS) value of the welding current in the steady state during the burning time of the arc NOTE Current intensity is not applicable to capacitor discharge. 3.8 welding time time difference between the ignition and the final extinction of the main arc 3.9 lift L distance between the stud tip and the work piece surface with the stud-lifting mechanism in position and activated NOTE 1 For tip ignition, this definition applies to the ignition gap. NOTE 2 See Figure A.1. 3.10 plunge axial movement of the stud towards the surface of the work piece 3.11 protrusion P 〈unregulated lifting mechanism〉 distance between the tip of the stud and the face of the support device in their initial positions, where the support device faces the work piece NOTE 1 A spring-loaded lifting mechanism is an unregulated lifting mechanism. NOTE 2 See Figure A.1. 3.12 arc blow magnetic deflection of the arc from the axial direction of the stud 3.13 flux aluminium additive on the weld end of the stud, which improves the ignition and de-oxidizes the weld pool 3.14 dual-material stud two-material stud composed of a material at the weld tip, similar to that of the parent material, and a dissimilar material outside the weld tip, which are joined by a friction weld, thus avoiding a mixed structure in the weld zone when stud welding 3.15 structure subjected to fatigue loading structure subject to a set of typical load events described by the positions or movements of loads, their variation in intensity and their frequency and sequence of occurrence

ISO 14555:2006(E) 4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this International Standard, the following symbols apply. C capacitance (expressed in mF) d stud diameter (expressed in mm) dw welding diameter (expressed in mm) h length of the threaded part of the nut I current intensity (expressed in A) L lift P protrusion t thickness of plate tw welding time (expressed in ms or s) T torque (expressed in Nm) U charging voltage (expressed in V) W charging energy (expressed in Ws) a bending angle (expressed in °) 4.2 Abbreviated terms For the purposes of this International Standard, the following abbreviated terms apply. CF ceramic ferrule HAZ heat-affected zone NP no protection PA flat welding position PC horizontal welding position PE overhead welding position pWPS preliminary welding procedure specification SG shielding gas WPS welding procedure specification WPQR welding procedure qualification record

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 55 Technical review When a technical review is required by an application standard, by specification or by use of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4, the manufacturer shall check, as appropriate, the following aspects: a) the accessibility and welding position of the stud weld; b) the nature of the surface and the collar shape of the welded joint; c) materials and combinations of materials (see Tables A.3 and A.4); d) the ratio of stud diameter to sheet metal thickness (avoidance of damage on the reverse side of the sheet); e) dimensions and details of the weld preparation and of the finished weld, including the nature of the stud and sheet-metal surfaces, positional and angular accuracy and the length tolerance of the welded stud; f) the use of special techniques to avoid damage to the reverse side of the sheet; g) techniques to assure the angular position of the welded stud. NOTE Consideration is paid to the multi-axial stress state arising from localized heating/cooling. This stress concentration reduces the dynamic strength of a component with welded studs. 6 Welding personnel 6.1 Stud-welding operators Stud-welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 14732:1998, 4.2.1 or 4.2.2. They shall have appropriate knowledge to operate the equipment, to adjust it properly, to carry out the welding correctly and, while doing so, to pay attention to good contact and suitable connection between the work piece cables and uniform distribution of ferromagnetic materials (see Table A.8). The qualification shall include testing in accordance with the acceptance criteria specified in 12.2. A test of job knowledge is required for all qualification methods. This test shall cover, as a minimum: a) setting up the welding equipment in accordance with the welding procedure specification; b) basic knowledge of the way in which suitable connection of work piece cables, the polarity of the stud, and arc blowing can influence the weld result (see Table A.8); c) basic assessment of the welded joint for imperfections (see Tables A.5, A.6 and A.7); d) safe execution of the welding operations, i.e. good contact of the stud in the stud holder, no movement during the welding process, operation checking and correct positioning of the guns). 6.2 Welding coordination Welding coordination shall be performed in accordance with ISO 14731. Welding coordination personnel for stud welding shall have knowledge of and experience in the relevant stud-welding process, and shall be able to select and set the correct parameters, e.g. lift, protrusion (plunge), current intensity, and welding time. A welding coordinator is not required for stud welding to structures subjected to unspecified static loading (see Annex B).

ISO 14555:2006(E) 6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7 Equipment 7.1 Production equipment Suitable stud-welding equipment shall be used, with power supplies of sufficient capacity to weld the stud properly to the parent material when the equipment is correctly set up. The following equipment shall be available, as required: a) power sources, control unit and movable fixtures; b) cables with sufficient cross-section, solid connection terminals and sufficient earth connection; c) handling equipment for the technical aspects of welding fabrication (jigs, fixtures); d) weld data monitoring equipment; e) post-drying equipment for ceramic ferrules; f) cleaning facilities for contact points and welding points; g) measuring and testing equipment; h) equipment for pre- and post-treatment; i) equipment and welding plant for retouching. 7.2 Description of the equipment A list of the stud-welding equipment shall be maintained, which shall serve as evidence of the performance and stud-welding application field. It shall include: a) details of the smallest and largest weldable stud diameter; b) the maximum number of studs to be welded per unit of time; c) the regulating range of the power supply; d) the mode of operation and performance of mechanized or automatic stud-welding equipment; e) details of the available test equipment. 7.3 Maintenance The correct functioning of the equipment shall be ensured. During production, a function check of the actuation mechanisms shall be performed at fixed intervals. Cables, terminals, stud and ceramic ferrule holders shall be regularly checked and replaced at the appropriate time. For mass production and comprehensive quality requirements in accordance with ISO 3834-2, a maintenance plan for additional essential systems shall be drawn up. Examples of such systems are: a) stud sorting and feeding systems; b) stud and ceramic ferrule holders; c) mechanical guides and fixtures; d) measuring equipment; e) cables, hoses, connecting elements; f) a monitoring system.

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 78 Production planning For stud welding, the production planning shall also contain the following elements: a) a definition of the required stud-welding procedures and equipment; b) details of which jigs and fixtures are used; c) the surface preparation method. 9 Welding procedure specification (WPS) 9.1 General The welding procedure specification (WPS) shall give details of how a welding operation shall be performed and shall contain all relevant information about the welding work. Information listed in 9.2 to 9.13 is adequate for most welding operations. For some applications, it may be necessary to supplement or reduce the list. The relevant information shall be specified in the WPS. Ranges and tolerances shall be specified when appropriate. An example of the WPS format is given in Annex C. 9.2 Information related to the manufacturer 9.2.1 Identification of the manufacturer ⎯ unambiguous identification. 9.2.2 Identification of the WPS ⎯ alphanumeric designation (reference code). 9.2.3 Reference to the welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) or other relevant documents ⎯ alphanumeric designation (reference code). 9.3 Information related to the parent material 9.3.1 Parent material type ⎯ identification of material, preferably by reference to an appropriate standard; ⎯ parent material(s) delivery condition. NOTE A WPS can cover a material group in accordance with ISO/TR 15608. See also ISO/TR 20172, ISO/TR 20173 and ISO/TR 20174. 9.3.2 Dimensions ⎯ the thickness or range of thickness of the parent material; ⎯ other relevant dimensions. 9.4 Welding process ⎯ designation in accordance with ISO 4063.

ISO 14555:2006(E) 8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9.5 Joint 9.5.1 Joint design ⎯ sketch of the joint design showing the relative positions of studs and tolerances; ⎯ the sequence of the welding of studs shall be indicated on the sketch if essential for application. 9.5.2 Welding position ⎯ welding positions shall be specified in accordance with ISO 6947. 9.5.3 Preparation of parent material surface ⎯ method of surface preparation, if necessary (e.g. cleaning, degreasing, pickling); ⎯ maximum time permitted between preparation and welding (if required). 9.5.4 Jigs and fixtures ⎯ the methods to be used (if required); ⎯ fixture details, templates, etc. 9.5.5 Support ⎯ the method of support; ⎯ specification of supporting material; ⎯ dimensions of support (when welding thin plates). 9.6 Studs 9.6.1 Designation ⎯ Designation according to standard, supplier or trade name; non-standard studs shall be specified. 9.6.2 Handling ⎯ if the studs are to be treated (e.g. by cleaning) before use, this shall be specified. 9.7 Auxiliaries 9.7.1 Ceramic ferrules (if any) ⎯ designation according to standard, supplier or trade name; non-standard ceramic ferrules shall be specified; ⎯ if the ceramic ferrules are to be treated (e.g. by rebaking) before use, this shall be specified. 9.7.2 Protective gas (if any) ⎯ designation in accordance with ISO 14175.

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 99.8 Power source ⎯ manufacturer, type. 9.9 Movable fixtures 9.9.1 Welding gun/head ⎯ manufacturer, type; ⎯ damper. 9.9.2 Shielding gas system (if used) ⎯ gas flow rate; ⎯ (schematic) description showing nozzle dimensions and position of nozzle(s) in relation to stud and work piece. 9.9.3 Stud feeding system (if any) ⎯ description of stud feeding system including sketch. 9.10 Welding variables 9.10.1 Drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas and short-cycle drawn arc stud welding a) polarity; b) welding current; c) welding time; d) lift; e) protrusion; f) damper; g) number and position of earth clamps. 9.10.2 Capacitor discharge drawn arc stud welding or capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition a) polarity; b) capacitance; c) charging voltage; d) spring force and/or gap length; e) number and position of earth clamps; f) welding cable configuration (if used for current control).

ISO 14555:2006(E) 10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9.11 Thermal conditions a) preheat temperature (if required); b) if preheating is not required, the lowest permitted ambient temperature. 9.12 Post-weld heat-treatment If, in special cases, any post-weld heat-treatment or ageing is necessary, specification of the procedure or reference to a separate post-weld heat-treatment or ageing specification is required. This should include specification of the entire thermal cycle. 9.13 Non-thermal treatment after welding a) grinding, machining or any other mechanical treatment; b) pickling or any other chemical treatment; c) any special procedure for removal of ferrules. 10 Welding procedure qualification 10.1 Principles Preliminary welding procedure specifications (pWPS) for arc stud welding shall be prepared in accordance with Clause 9 and qualified prior to production, whenever required. They shall specify the range for all the relevant parameters. In principle, the following methods of qualification are permitted, but specification or application code requirements can restrict the choice of method: a) qualification by welding procedure test in accordance with 10.2; b) qualification by pre-production tests in accordance with 10.3; c) qualification based on previous experience in accordance with 10.4. All new welding procedure qualifications are to be in accordance with this International Standard from the date of its issue. However, this International Standard does not invalidate previous welding procedure qualifications made to former national standards or specifications, providing the technical requirements are satisfied and the previous procedure qualifications are relevant to the application and production work on which they are to be employed. Previous procedure qualifications to former national standards or specifications should be considered at the time of the enquiry or contract stage and agreed between the contracting parties. 10.2 Welding procedure tests 10.2.1 Application When welding procedure tests are required, these shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions in 10.2 of this International Standard, unless more severe tests are specified. 10.2.2 Proof of conformity of parent materials and stud materials For the parent material and the stud material to be used, proof of conformity shall be available. In the absence of such proof, the parent material and/or stud material shall be subjected to additional material tests before the welding procedure tests. For this purpose, sufficient amounts of parent material and stud material from the same melt as used in the test shall be made available.

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1110.2.3 Shape and dimensions of test pieces The dimension of the test piece(s) shall be sufficient to carry out all tests. The thickness of the test pieces shall be chosen so that the plate or flange thickness proposed for production is covered (see 10.2.8.6). 10.2.4 Welding Preparation, set-up and welding of test pieces shall be carried out in accordance with the pWPS, under the general conditions of production welding that they represent. The same welding positions shall be observed as on the actual work piece. There shall be sufficient distance from the lateral earth clamps. Welding procedure tests shall be carried out on the smallest and largest stud diameters used in practice. As a minimum, the numbers of studs indicated in Table 1 shall be welded in the welding procedure test. Table 1 — Numbers of studs to be welded in the welding procedure test Welding process Number of studs to be welded Drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas (d u 12 mm) For black-white combinations 12 22 Drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas (d > 12 mm) 17 Short-cycle drawn arc stud welding When using torque tests instead of macro examination 12 20 Capacitor discharge drawn arc stud welding 30 Capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition 30 NOTE For setting-up tests and replacement specimens (see Clause 14), it is recommended that a sufficient number of additional studs be provided on the test pieces. Welding and testing of the test pieces shall be witnessed by an examining body (see ISO 15607:2003, 3.9). 10.2.5 Scope of examination and testing The examination and testing includes non-destructive and destructive tests, which shall be in accordance with the requirements of Tables 2, 3 and 4. All inspection and tests shall be performed in accordance with the procedures specified in Clause 11. The number and type of test stated in Tables 2, 3 and 4 shall only be used in the case of the qualification of a pWPS based on the use of stud material and parent material, as specified in Table A.3. 10.2.6 Acceptance criteria The acceptance criteria described in Clause 12 shall be fulfilled unless otherwise specified.

ISO 14555:2006(E) 12 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Table 2 — Examination and testing of test pieces welded by drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas Number of studs to be tested Application u 100°C Application > 100 °C Type of test dw u 12 mm dw > 12 mm All diameters (d) Visual examination all Bend testing 60° (see Figures 1a), 1b) or 1c)) 10 not applied Bend testing by means of torque wrench (see Figure 2) not applied 10 Tensile testing (see Figures 3, 4 or 5) 10 a 5 b — Radiographic examination not applied 5 b (optional instead of tensile testing) — Macro examination (off-set 90° through the centre of the stud) 2 a Tensile testing is only required for welds between stud material of group 8, in accordance with ISO/TR 15608, and parent material of material group 1 or 2, in accordance with ISO/TR 15608. b Only for structures subjected to fatigue loading.
Table 3 — Examination and testing of test pieces welded by short-cycle drawn arc stud welding with dw u 12 mm Type of test Number of studs to be tested Visual examination All Bend testing 60° (see Figures 1a), 1b) or 1c)) 10 10 (torque test) Torque test (see Figure 6) or macro examination (off-set 90° through the centre of the stud) 2 (macro examination)
Table 4 — Examination and testing of test pieces welded by capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition and capacitor discharge drawn arc stud welding Type of test Number of studs to be tested Visual examination All Tensile testing (see Figures 3, 4 or 5) 10 Bend testing 30° [see Figures 1a), 1b) or 1c)] 20 10.2.7 Re-testing If one of the studs fails to meet the requirements, two similar replacements studs can be taken from the associated test pieces. If this is not possible, equivalent studs shall be welded subsequently. It is therefore recommended that a sufficient number of replacement studs be provided for the welding procedure tests. If more than one stud, or one of the two replacement studs, does not satisfy the requirements, the test has failed.

ISO 14555:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1310.2.8 Range of qualification 10.2.8.1 General All the conditions of validity stated below shall be met independently of each other. Changes outside of the ranges specified shall require a new welding procedure test. There is no limit to the duration of the validity of the welding procedure qualification, provided that no quality changes are made and that a production surveillance record is kept in accordance with 14.6. However, since the result of stud welding depends not only on compliance with the welding procedure specification, but also, for example, on the way that the mechanical capability of the welding guns is critical in terms of weld quality, a production test shall be carried out at least once a year, as specified in 14.2. In the event of production being suspended for more than one year, the validity of the welding procedure qualification shall be confirmed in a production test. 10.2.8.2 Conditions related to the manufacturer The qualification of a pWPS obtained by a manufacturer is valid for welding in workshops or sites under the same technical and quality control of that manufacturer. 10.2.8.3 Conditions related to the welding process The qualification is valid only for the welding process used in welding procedure test. 10.2.8.4 Conditions related to the parent material A welding procedure test carried out with one of the steels of a material group, in accordance with ISO/TR 15608, covers the steels with lower specified yield strength of this material group, or the lower alloyed steels of the same material group for the intentional added elements, but not for fortuitous impurities. In accordance with ISO/TR 15608, material group 3 covers material group 1 and material group 2, whilst material group 21 covers material group 22, and vice versa. 10.2.8.5 Stud material Welding procedure tests cover all materials of the same material group in accordance with ISO/TR 15608 with the following addition: a) For drawn-arc stud-welding processes up to 13 mm diameter, material groups 8 and 10 cover material groups 1 and 2.1 and vice versa. b) For capacitor discharge stud-welding processes, material group 8 covers material groups 1 to 6 and 11.1 and vice versa. c) Material group 21 covers material group 22 and vice versa. 10.2.8.6 Parent material thickness As recommended in Table A.1, the material thickness used for the welding procedure test applies to all thicknesses which exceed those specified in Table A.1, providing the pWPS used in the welding procedure test applies. For material thicknesses below the recommended minimum thickness, a new welding procedure test is required.

ISO 14555:2006(E) 14 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 10.2.8.7 Conditions related to the stud diameter and shape A single welding procedure test covers all stud shapes, but only the diameters used in the test. Two welding procedure tests on different diameter studs cover the range between the two diameters and all stud shapes. 10.2.8.8 Conditions related to the weldi
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