EN 14985:2012

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Krane - Ausleger-DrehkraneAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues à flèche pivotanteCranes - Slewing jib cranes53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14985:2012SIST EN 14985:2012en,fr,de01-julij-2012SIST EN 14985:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14985:20071DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14985
February 2012 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 14985:2007English Version
Cranes - Slewing jib cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues à flèche pivotante
Krane - Ausleger-Drehkrane This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 December 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
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B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14985:2012: ESIST EN 14985:2012

Guidance for classification according to EN 13001-1 . 38A.1Total number of working cycles . 38A.2Load spectrum factor kQ . 39A.3Classification of the hoist mechanism . 40A.4Classification of the luffing mechanism . 41A.5Classification of the slewing mechanism . 43Annex B (normative)
Load combinations . 46Annex C (informative)
Calculation of stall load factor for indirect acting lifting force limiter . 47Annex D (normative)
Noise test code for slewing jib cranes . 49D.1General . 49D.2Description of machinery family . 49D.3Determination of a conventional emission sound pressure level by calculation . 50D.3.1Principle of the method . 50D.3.2Calculation . 50D.4Emission sound pressure level determination at control stations and other specified positions by measurement . 52D.4.1Measurement method and points . 52D.4.2Case of very large cranes . 52D.4.3Installation and mounting conditions . 52D.4.4Operating conditions . 52D.5Uncertainties . 53D.6Information to be recorded . 53D.7Information to be reported. 54D.8Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 54Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 55Bibliography . 56 SIST EN 14985:2012

(IEC 60825-1) EN ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1) EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010) EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006) EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006) EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857) ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) ISO 7752-4, Cranes — Controls — Layout and characteristics — Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 8566-4, Cranes — Cabins — Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 9374-4, Cranes — Information to be provided — Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 12210-4, Cranes — Anchoring devices for in-service and out-of-service conditions — Part 4: Jib cranes SIST EN 14985:2012

mRC maximum net load (the sum of the payload and non-fixed load-lifting attachment) that the crane is designed to lift for a given crane configuration and load location during normal operation 3.2 hoist load
mH sum of the masses of the load equal to the rated capacity, the fixed lifting attachment and the hoist medium 3.3 slewing jib crane power operated crane designed for permanent installation, mounted in either a fixed position or free to travel on horizontal rails, equipped with a jib which is able to rotate around a vertical axis 3.4 direct acting lifting force limiter device that limits the force on the system to a specified level 3.5 indirect acting force limiter device that measures the force on the system and activates a second device to stop the motion 4 List of hazards Table 1 contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. SIST EN 14985:2012

1.1.1 Shape
1.1.2 Relative location 5.7.2 1.1.3 Mass and stability 5.2 1.1.4 Mass and velocity 5.4.4, 5.4.5,
1.1.5 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2 1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g. by:
1.2.1 Elastic elements (springs)
1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical hazards
1.3.1 Crushing 5.1, 5.7.2, 7.2
1.3.2 Shearing 5.7.2
1.3.3 Cutting or severing
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard
- moving transmission parts 5.7.2 1.3.6 Impact 5.5.3, 7.2 1.3.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard
1.3.8 Friction or abrasion hazard
2 Electrical hazards due to:5.3 2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.3.6.1 2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) 5.3.6.2 2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.3.5. 2.4 Electrostatic phenomena 7.4 3 Thermal hazards, resulting in: 3.1 Burns and scalds, by possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme temperature, by flames, by radiation, etc. 5.6.1, 7.5 4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 Hearing losses 5.7.4, 7.3 4.2 Interference with speech communication, signals, etc. 5.7.4, 7.3 6 Radiation
6.0 External radiation See Introduction 6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation, micro waves 5.6.2 6.2 Infrared, visible, UV-light
6.3 X and gamma rays
6.4 Alpha, beta rays, electron or ion beams; neutrons
6.5 Lasers 5.6.3
7 Processed materials and substances, used materials, fuels
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.7.1.2 8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 7.3 8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.7.3 8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress 7.3 8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.7.1 8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display units 5.8.2 10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/over-speed (or any similar malfunction) from: 5.3, 5.5 10.1 Failure/ disorder of control systems 5.7.1 10.3 External influences on electrical equipment 5.3.2 10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.) 5.4.2.2, 5.4.4.1, 5.4.5.1/2 10.5 Errors in the software 5.3.9 10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities) 7.2 11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions 5.4.5.1 13 Failure of the power supply5.4.2 16 Break-up during operation 5.2, 7.4, 7.5
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluid5.7.2
19 Slip, trip and falling of persons (related to machinery) 5.7.2 Additional hazards and hazardous events due to mobility 20 Relating to the travelling function
20.1
Uncontrolled movement of crane when starting the engine 5.3.8 20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving position 5.3.8 20.3 Movement without all parts in a safe position 5.3.8 20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery
20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving 5.2.8.6 20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped and immobilised 5.4.5.1, 7.3 21 Linked to the work position (including driving station) on the machine
21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position 5.7.2 SIST EN 14985:2012

- Contact with the wheels - Fall of objects, penetration by objects - Contact of persons with machine parts or tools (ped. contr.) 5.7.2
21.5 Insufficient visibility from the working position 5.7.1.3, 5.7.3, 5.8.2 21.6 Inadequate lighting 5.7.3 21.7 Inadequate seating 5.7.1.3 21.8 Noise at the driving position 5.7.4, 7.3 21.9 Vibration at the driving position 5.2.8.6 21.10 Insufficient means of evacuation/emergency exit 5.6.4 22 Due to the control system 22.1 Inadequate location of controls /control devices 5.3.9.1, 5.7.1.1
22.2 Inadequate design of the actuation mode and/or action mode of controls 5.7.1.1 25 From/to third persons 25.1 Unauthorised start-up/use 5.4.2 25.2 Drift of a part away from its stopping position 5.4.6.2
25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 5.8 26 Insufficient instructions for the driver / operator
26.1 Movement into prohibited area 7.3 26.2 Tipping - Swinging 7.2, 7.3 26.3 Collision: machines-machines 7.3 26.4 Collision: machines-men 7.3 26.5 Ground conditions
26.6 Supporting conditions 7.3 27 Mechanical hazards and events 27.1 From load falls, collision, machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 Lack of stability 5.2.1
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading - overloading – overturning moment exceeded 5.5.2 27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 7.2 27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 7.2, 7.3
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices / accessories 7.2 27.1.6 Collision of more than one machine 7.3 27.1.7 Two-block of hook to hoist 5.5.1.3.1 27.2 From access of persons to load support 7.2 27.3 From derailment
27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.2, 5.4.7
Loss of mechanical strength, or inadequate mechanical strength 5.2, 7.4 27.5 From inadequate design of pulleys, drums
27.8 From abnormal conditions of assembly/ testing/ use/ maintenance 7.1 28 Electrical hazard 28.1 From lightning 7.4 34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to: 34.1 Inadequate working coefficients 5.2, 5.5 34.2 Failing of load control 5.4.2.3
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 5.1 General Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this European Standard. 5.2 Requirements for strength and stability 5.2.1 Selection of classification parameters Service parameters shall be selected in accordance with EN 13001-1 and used as the basis of design. NOTE Guidance on the selection of classification parameters is given in Annex A. 5.2.2 Selection of loads and load combinations The basic load combinations for the load calculation shall be selected in accordance with EN 13001-2,
using the descriptions given in Annex B of this standard. The recurrence period according to EN 13001-2 for out of service wind shall be minimum
25 years. 5.2.3 Determination of factor φφφφ2 The factor φ2 shall be determined according to the principles of EN 13001-2:2011. When experiments or analysis are used without reference to a hoisting class, the hoist speed applied shall be as specified for the particular HD-class of EN 13001-2:2011. Analysis shall cover all the dynamic and elastic properties of the crane, including the hoist mechanism and the behaviour of the drive system. Alternatively a slewing jib crane may be assigned to one of the hoisting classes HC1 to HC4 of
EN 13001-2:2011. The class is dependent upon the vertical hoist load displacement δ. This hoist load mH being applied statically at the point of suspension and the resultant displacement δ takes account of the elasticity within the cranes own structure and that of the rope system. The resultant HC class shall be determined as per Table 2. SIST EN 14985:2012

< 1,6 m HC2 0,20 m ≤ δ < 0,55 m HC3 δ < 0,20 m HC4
The load displacement δ shall be calculated using the appropriate maximum hoist load value without amplifying factors. The load displacement may vary for differing load/radius combinations and so result in different hoisting classes. Account shall be taken of these variances in the design calculations. 5.2.4 Stall load condition 5.2.4.1 Cranes with direct acting lifting force limiter The maximum force, FDAL, which is applied to the crane when the direct acting lifting force limiter operates, shall be calculated as follows: gmFHDALDAL⋅⋅=φ where φDAL is the factor for the limit load setting; mH is the mass of the hoist load; g is the acceleration due to gravity. For hydraulic systems, the factor φDAL shall be less than, or equal to 1,4. The force FDAL shall be assigned to the load combination C1 of Table 10 in EN 13001-2:2011 and as a load to line 13 in the stability combination C3 of Table 11 in the same standard. 5.2.4.2 Cranes with indirect acting lifting force limiter The maximum force, FIAL, which is applied to the crane, resulting from the operation of the indirect acting lifting force limiter, shall be calculated as follows: gmFHIALIAL⋅⋅=φ where φIAL is the load factor for the stall load condition; mH is the mass of the hoist load; g is the acceleration due to gravity. NOTE 1 The FIAL represents the final load in the hoist system after the triggering has operated and the hoist motion is brought to rest. SIST EN 14985:2012

- S(i) where S(f) is the final load effect; S(i)
is the initial load effect. NOTE The change in load effects, ∆S, is caused by the change of drive force, ∆F, given by the equation:
∆F = F(f) - F(i) where
F(f)
is the final drive force and
F(i)
is the initial drive force. The change in load effects, ∆S, shall be multiplied by a factor φ5 and algebraically added to the initial load effect, S(i), present before the change of drive forces (see EN 13001-2:2011). The resulting load actions shall be calculated according to EN 13001-2. For cranes without level luffing, account shall be taken of acceleration forces caused by operation of the luffing motion. 5.2.6 Jib side loading Design features which induce side loading on jibs shall be included with all applicable load combinations for which calculations are performed, combined so as to maximise side loading. NOTE In addition to slewing and wind effects, an example of a feature affecting side loading would be a reeving arrangement that causes the hoist line to deviate from the jib centreline. 5.2.7 Test loads The overload test load to be taken into account in calculation shall be as given in 6.2. 5.2.8 Conditions of use of permissible stress method and limit state method 5.2.8.1 General Selection of allowable stress method or limit state method shall be made according to EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2. SIST EN 14985:2012

5 against ultimate strength of steel; to justify the use of this theory, the elongation A5 according to
EN ISO 6892-1 of the materials shall be at least 15 %, or  using the theory of elasticity. 5.2.8.5 Elastic deformation The elastic deformations of the crane structure shall not have a detrimental influence on the functioning of the crane. 5.2.8.6 Vibration frequencies To avoid uncomfortable vibrations for the operator in the cabin the natural frequency of the structure supporting the cabin shall not be less than 2 Hz. 5.2.9 Stability of rail mounted cranes 5.2.9.1 General requirements Proof of stability of the crane shall be according to principles and load combinations of EN 13001-2. A slewing jib crane is considered to be stable, if the overturning moment is smaller than the stabilising moment about any tipping axis. Basic crane configuration is assuming a rail-mounted crane standing on four or more corners and with all legs rigid. 5.2.9.2 Special crane configurations An additional risk coefficient γn shall be applied for all non-favourable loads of Table 11 in EN 13001-2:2011 based upon the leg and portal configuration of the crane as follows:  A. cranes standing on three corners:
γn = 1,10  B. cranes with a hinged leg in one or more of the corners:  hinged leg corner lifting up:
γn = 1,10  fixed leg corner lifting up:
γn = 1,22 SIST EN 14985:2012
γm = 2,50. 5.3 Electrotechnical equipment 5.3.1 General The electrical installation and equipment shall comply with EN 60204-32:2008, as amended by the subclauses of this clause. 5.3.2 Physical environment and operating conditions The electrical equipment shall be suitable for use in the physical environment and operating conditions specified in 4.4 of EN 60204-32:2008. When the physical environment or the operating conditions are outside those specified above the specification of the electrical equipment shall be amended accordingly. Attention should be given to wind chill effects and solar heat gain. 5.3.3 Electrical supply The electrical equipment shall be designed to operate in accordance with the provisions of 4.3 of
EN 60204-32:2008. High voltage equipment (exceeding 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC) shall comply with EN 60204-11. All references to EN 60204-1 in EN 60204-11 shall be considered as references to the respective clauses in
EN 60204-32:2008. Where a collector system is used for the incoming supply and it cannot be totally enclosed to prevent danger to personnel and damage by the operation of the crane or associated activities, the provisions of 12.7.1 of EN 60204-32:2008 shall apply. NOTE Where reasonably practicable a crane should be connected to a single power supply. Exceptions being very large cranes or cranes with on board generators where a secondary supply, usually of a limited capacity, may be provided for maintenance, limited operational applications (e.g. positioning or standby heating). All conductors shall be clearly identifiable at each termination in accordance with 13.2 in EN 60204-32:2008. Additional provisions as specified in 5.1 of EN 60204-32:2008 shall apply. 5.3.4 External protective earthing and equipotential bonding Each incoming supply shall include a protective earthing conductor, which shall be connected to the crane rails, crane structure and the electrical equipment in accordance with the provisions of Clause 8 of
EN 60204-32:2008. 5.3.5 Supply disconnecting and switching off The supply disconnection and switching off functions shall be performed by the following devices: SIST EN 14985:2012
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