EN ISO 12736-1:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2023
Naftna in plinska industrija, vključno z nizkoogljično energijo - Mokre toplotne
izolacijske prevleke za naftovode in podvodno opremo - 1. del: Validacija
materialov in izolacijskih sistemov (ISO 12736-1:2023)
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy - Wet thermal insulation systems for
pipelines and subsea equipment - Part 1: Validation of materials and insulation systems
(ISO 12736-1:2023)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Wärmedämmschicht für Rohrleitungen und
Unterwasseranlagen - Teil 1: Validierung von Materialien und Isoliersystemen (ISO
12736-1:2023)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz, y compris les énergies à faible teneur en carbone -
Systèmes d'isolation thermique en milieu humide pour conduites et équipements sous-
marins - Partie 1: Validation des matériaux et des systèmes d'isolation (ISO 12736-
1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12736-1:2023
ICS:
25.220.20 Površinska obdelava Surface treatment
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje, Exploratory, drilling and
vrtanje in odkopavanje extraction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 12736-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.220.20; 75.180.10 Supersedes EN ISO 12736:2014
English Version
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy - Wet
thermal insulation systems for pipelines and subsea
equipment - Part 1: Validation of materials and insulation
systems (ISO 12736-1:2023)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz, y compris les énergies Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Wärmedämmschicht für
à faible teneur en carbone - Systèmes d'isolation Rohrleitungen und Unterwasseranlagen - Teil 1:
thermique en milieu humide pour conduites et Validierung von Materialien und Isoliersystemen (ISO
équipements sous-marins - Partie 1: Validation des 12736-1:2023)
matériaux et des systèmes d'isolation (ISO 12736-
1:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12736-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12736-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Oil and
gas industries including lower carbon energy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12
“Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12736:2014.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12736-1 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12736-1:2023 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12736-1
First edition
2023-10
Oil and gas industries including
lower carbon energy — Wet thermal
insulation systems for pipelines and
subsea equipment —
Part 1:
Validation of materials and insulation
systems
Industries du pétrole et du gaz, y compris les énergies à faible teneur
en carbone — Systèmes d'isolation thermique en milieu humide pour
conduites et équipements sous-marins —
Partie 1: Validation des matériaux et des systèmes d'isolation
Reference number
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.7
4.1 Symbols . 7
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 8
5 Conformance . 9
5.1 Rounding . 9
5.2 Conformity to requirement . 9
6 Material classes . 9
7 Materials and system validation testing . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Material validation testing . 10
7.2.1 General . 10
7.2.2 Small-scale exposure testing for materials . 11
7.3 System validation testing. 14
7.3.1 General . 14
7.3.2 System test requirements . 14
7.3.3 Full scale test program for systems . 15
7.3.4 Small-scale full-system exposure test . 17
7.4 System repairs . 17
7.5 Validation of long-term performance . 18
7.6 Technical validation dossier . 18
7.6.1 General . 18
7.6.2 Content of the validation dossier . 19
7.7 Anti-corrosion coating documentation . 20
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for using this document .21
Annex B (normative) Thermal conductivity testing .26
Annex C (normative) Hydrostatic compressive behaviour/Tri-axial test procedures .38
Annex D (normative) Simulated bend test .45
Annex E (normative) System shear resistance test .48
Annex F (normative) Impact test .50
Annex G (normative) Simulated service test for pipelines .53
Annex H (normative) Simulated service test for subsea equipment .55
Annex I (normative) Small-scale full-system exposure test .58
Bibliography .60
iii
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Oil and gas industries including lower
carbon energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline transportation systems, in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 12, Oil and gas industries including
lower carbon energy, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 12736-1, together with ISO 12736-2 and ISO 12736-3, cancels and replaces
ISO 12736:2014.
The main changes are as follows:
— clearer delineation between validation and projects;
— introduction of material classes;
— modification of material property testing requirements, including detailed thermal conductivity
testing requirements;
— introduction of additional long-term testing requirements;
— introduction of additional system testing requirements, including system interfaces;
— removal of project specific testing requirements;
— addition of requirement for risk-based analysis of the system long-term performance;
— modifications of the format and content requirements of the final validation dossier;
— addition of Annex A with guidance for using this document.
iv
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
A list of all parts in the ISO 12736 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy —
Wet thermal insulation systems for pipelines and subsea
equipment —
Part 1:
Validation of materials and insulation systems
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for the validation of wet thermal insulation systems applied to
pipelines and subsea equipment in the oil and gas industry.
This document is applicable to wet thermal insulation systems submerged in seawater.
This document is not applicable to:
— maintenance works on existing installed wet thermal insulation systems;
— qualification for anti-corrosion coating;
— thermal insulation in the annulus of a steel pipe-in-pipe system.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 34-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength — Part 1: Trouser, angle
and crescent test pieces
ISO 34-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength — Part 2: Small (Delft)
test pieces
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 179-1, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics — Determination of tensile properties
ISO 604, Plastics — Determination of compressive properties
ISO 844, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of compression properties
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness)
ISO 1183 (all parts), Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics
ISO 6721-1, Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 1: General principles
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 11357-1, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 1: General principles
ISO 11357-4, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 4: Determination of specific heat
capacity
ISO 11359-2, Plastics — Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) — Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear
thermal expansion and glass transition temperature
ISO 12736-2, Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy — Wet thermal insulation systems for
pipelines and subsea equipment — Part 2: Qualification processes for production and application procedures
ISO 12736-3, Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy — Wet thermal insulation systems for
pipelines and subsea equipment — Part 3: Interfaces between systems, field joint systems, field repairs, and
pre-fabricated insulation
ISO 15711, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cathodic disbonding of coatings exposed
to sea water
ISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
ASTM D575, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression
ISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
agreed
specified in the purchase order
Note 1 to entry: To be discussed by the system provider (3.37) and system purchaser (3.38) with input from end
user as required.
3.2
application procedure specification
APS
quality specification document, or group of specifications, describing procedures, method, equipment,
tools, etc. used for system (3.35) application
3.3
batch
quantity of material (3.18) produced in a continuous manufacturing operation using raw materials of
the same source or grade
3.4
blown foam
insulation material (3.18) formed by incorporating a gas phase into a polymer matrix
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
3.5
certificate of analysis
document provided by the manufacturer that indicates results of specific tests or analysis, including
test methodology, performed on a specified lot of the manufacturer’s product and corresponding
conformity ranges
3.6
construction joint
interface (3.13) where both systems (3.35) are identical
3.7
cutback
length of item left uncoated at each end for joining purposes
Note 1 to entry: Welding is an example of joining purposes.
3.8
field joint
uncoated area that results when two pipe sections, or a pipe section and a fitting (3.9), with cutbacks
(3.7) are assembled by welding or other methods
3.9
fitting
receptacle on a piece of subsea equipment (3.33), which interfaces to a pipeline (3.22)
3.10
high molecular weight precursor thermoset
material (3.18), which is a polymeric compound that remains malleable until application of sufficient
heat to cause network formation and then does not flow upon reheating
EXAMPLE Butyl rubber.
3.11
inorganic syntactic foam
insulation material (3.18) formed by dispersing inorganic hollow particles within a polymer matrix
3.12
inspection and test plan
ITP
document providing an overview of the sequence of inspections and tests, including appropriate
resources and procedures
3.13
interface
location where two systems (3.35) meet and affect each other
Note 1 to entry: A field joint (3.8) system (3.35) has two interfaces.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of multilayer systems (3.35), interfaces can be made up of multiple sub-interfaces.
3.14
jumper
short section of pipeline (3.22) that transfers fluid between two pieces of subsea equipment (3.33)
3.15
liquid precursor elastomeric thermoset
material (3.18), which is a polymeric compound with its glass transition below ambient temperature,
that is produced via the combination of one or more components that can be pumped and flow as liquids
and that react to create a crosslinked polymer that does not flow upon reheating
EXAMPLE Liquid precursor silicone rubber.
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
3.16
liquid precursor non-elastomeric thermoset
material (3.18), which is a polymeric compound with its glass transition above ambient temperature,
that is produced via the combination of one or more components that can be pumped and flow as liquids
and that react to create a crosslinked polymer that does not flow upon reheating
EXAMPLE Liquid epoxy.
3.17
mainline
portion of a pipeline (3.22) that is not a field joint (3.8)
3.18
material
polymeric compound applied to the substrate (3.34) protected or insulated in units of discrete thickness
(layers) to build up a system (3.35)
3.19
material manufacturer
entity responsible for the manufacture of one or more materials (3.18) utilized in a system (3.35)
3.20
material maximum and minimum rated temperature
maximum and minimum temperature to which a particular material (3.18) can be continuously
exposed, as per system provider (3.37) recommendation, during storage or in service as part of a system
(3.35)
Note 1 to entry: For multi-layer systems, the material maximum rated temperature can be less than the system
maximum rated temperature (3.36).
3.21
maximum rated pressure
maximum hydrostatic pressure to which the system (3.35) can be exposed, according to the system
provider (3.37)
3.22
pipeline
flowline
tubular piping used to convey fluids
Note 1 to entry: Pipeline includes jumpers (3.14), risers (3.28) and field joints (3.8).
3.23
pre-fabricated insulation
section of stand-alone insulation, which is factory manufactured into its final form and then installed in
the field by mechanically fastening or bonding to a corrosion protected structure
3.24
pre-production trial
PPT
series of tests performed immediately before the start of production, designed to demonstrate that the
requirements of the validated (3.43) system (3.35), the procedure qualification trial (3.25) or both are
achieved
Note 1 to entry: Requirements for PPT shall be as outlined in ISO 12736-2 or ISO 12736-3 and as agreed (3.1).
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
3.25
procedure qualification trial
PQT
series of tests designed to demonstrate that the materials (3.18), system provider (3.37), equipment
and procedures can produce a system (3.35) in accordance with the validation dossier (3.44) and meet
specific project (3.26) requirements
Note 1 to entry: Requirements for PQT shall be as outlined in ISO 12736-2 or ISO 12736-3 and as agreed (3.1).
3.26
project
scope of work agreed (3.1) upon contractually between system purchaser (3.38) and system provider
(3.37)
3.27
R-lay
reel-lay
method of pipeline (3.22) installation in which long stalks (3.32) of pre-insulated pipes are pre-assembled
by welding and application of field joint (3.8) system (3.35) onshore before being spooled onto large
reels onboard the installation vessel, which then lays the pipes by unspooling the reel offshore
3.28
riser
vertical portion of a pipeline (3.22), including the bottom bend, arriving on or departing from an
offshore surface installation
3.29
safety data sheet
SDS
DEPRACATED: material safety data sheet
document intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling and
working with a material (3.18) utilized in the manufacture of the system (3.35) in a safe manner
including physical data and first aid, etc.
Note 1 to entry: Physical data can include flash point and toxicity.
3.30
service life
specified period of use for a system (3.35) in service
3.31
solid/solid filled
insulation material (3.18) that systematically does not contain voids or hollow particles
3.32
stalk
continuous string of welded and field joint (3.8) coated pipe, which is prepared in readiness for pipe
spooling onto a R-lay (3.27) barge
Note 1 to entry: A number of stalks will normally be required to make up a pipeline (3.22).
3.33
subsea equipment
components from a subsea production system, including subsea processing items and structures, meant
to control hydrocarbons, not including pipelines (3.22)
EXAMPLE Valve, connector, manifold, christmas tree, flowline end termination.
3.34
substrate
surface to which a material (3.18) is applied or will be applied
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
3.35
system
all of the various materials (3.18) and the combination thereof, which can include layers of anti-
corrosion, insulation, adhesive, and protective materials, as defined by cross-section to the underlying
substrate (3.34) at a single point, which function together to act as a wet thermal insulation (3.45)
3.36
system maximum and minimum rated temperature
maximum and minimum temperature to which a particular system (3.35) can be continuously exposed,
as per system provider (3.37) recommendation, during storage or in service
3.37
system provider
legal entity which is selling the applied system (3.35)
3.38
system purchaser
entity which is purchasing the applied system (3.35)
3.39
thermal conductivity
k-value
conductivity
heat flow through a unit length of material (3.18) under the influence of a thermal gradient
-1 -1
Note 1 to entry: Thermal conductivity is expressed in W·m ·K .
3.40
thermoplastic
material (3.18), which is a polymeric compound that solidifies upon cooling and can flow and be
reformed upon reheating
EXAMPLE Polypropylene.
3.41
tie-in field joint
connection of a pipeline (3.22) to a facility or subsea equipment (3.33), to other pipelines, or the
connecting together of different sections of a single pipeline
3.42
U-value
overall heat transfer coefficient
rate of heat transfer from a reference surface under the influence of a thermal gradient
-2 -1
Note 1 to entry: U-value is expressed in W·m ·K .
3.43
validation
demonstration of material (3.18) and system (3.35) performance during storage, handling and operation,
within a specified envelope of use, as determined by the system provider (3.39)
3.44
validation dossier
collection of documentation and test reports, prepared in accordance with specific requirements, which
provides detailed information on the proposed system (3.35), method of application, the materials (3.18)
which form said system (3.35), and demonstration of system (3.35) performance
Note 1 to entry: Specific requirements are found in 7.6.
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
3.45
wet thermal insulation
system (3.35) that provides external corrosion protection and thermal insulation, and that is in direct
contact with surrounding seawater
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
E impact energy (kinetic energy), expressed in joules
kin
g standard gravity, equivalent to 9,81 metres per seconds squared
H pendulum height, expressed in metres
m mass of hammer, expressed in kilograms
h
Q average value of heat flux transducers signals for sample i, where i = 1, 2, or 3, expressed
ave,i
in microvolts
Q lower plate heat flux transducer signal, expressed in microvolts
lower
Q average lower plate heat flux transducer signal, expressed in microvolts
Lower,Average
Q average value of heat flux transducers signals for reference material sample, expressed
Ref Mat ave
in watts per microvolts
Q average value of heat flux transducers signals for reference material sample i, where i =
Ref Mat ave,i
1 or 2, and 1 is typically the thinner sample, expressed in watts per microvolts
Q upper plate heat flow, expressed in microvolts
upper
Q average upper plate heat flow, expressed in microvolts
Upper,Average
S calibration factor, expressed in watts per microvolts
Cal
S single-thickness calibration factor, proportional factor between the electrical signal and
Cal1
heat flow, expressed in watts per microvolts
S two-thickness calibration factor, proportional factor between the electrical signal and
Cal2
heat flow, expressed in watts per microvolts
S lower plate calibration factor, expressed in watts per microvolts
Cal,Lower
S upper plate calibration factor, expressed in watts per microvolts
Cal,Upper
R̄ total average measured thermal resistance across all samples, expressed in metre square
ave
degrees kelvin per Watt
R average measured thermal resistance of sample i, where i = 1, 2, or 3, expressed in metre
ave,i
square degrees kelvin per Watt
R calibration contact resistance, expressed in metre square degrees kelvin per watt
cal
2R lower plate calibration contact resistance, expressed in metre square degrees kelvin
Cal,Lower
per watt
2R , upper plate calibration contact resistance, expressed in metre square degrees kelvin
Cal Upper
per watt
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
2R contact resistance of the sample, expressed in metres square degrees kelvin per watt
sample
ΔT average temperature difference across the sample(s), expressed in degrees Celsius
T lower plate temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius
lower
T upper plate temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius
upper
x average measured thickness of sample i, where i = 1, 2, or 3, expressed in metres
ave,i
x̄ total average measured thickness across all samples
ave
x average thickness of the reference material sample, expressed in metres
Ref Mat ave
x average thickness of reference material sample i, where i = 1 or 2, and 1 is typically the
Ref Mat ave,i
thinner sample, expressed in metres
λ thermal conductivity of the calibration reference material, expressed in watts per metre
Ref Mat
kelvin
λ single thickness sample thermal conductivity, Test Type A1 specimen, expressed in watts
sampleA1
per metre kelvin
λ single thickness sample thermal conductivity, Test Type A2 specimen, expressed in watts
sampleA2
per metre kelvin
4.2 Abbreviated terms
APS application procedure specification
DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
DSC differential scanning calorimetry
ID inner diameter
ITP inspection and test plan
LVDT linear variable differential transformer; linear variable displacement transformer; linear
variable displacement transducer
OD outer diameter
SI International System of units
SST simulated service test
QC quality control
UV ultraviolet
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
5 Conformance
5.1 Rounding
Unless otherwise stated in this document, observed or calculated values shall be rounded to the nearest
unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with
ISO 80000-1.
NOTE For the purpose of this provision, the rounding method of ASTM E29 is equivalent to ISO 80000-1:2022,
Annex B, Rule A.
5.2 Conformity to requirement
Systems for quality and environmental management, and the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories, should be used.
NOTE The following documents can be used:
— ISO 29001 gives sector-specific requirements with guidance for the use of quality management systems;
— ISO 14001 gives requirements with guidance for the use of environmental management systems;
— ISO/IEC 17025 gives general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
The system provider shall be responsible for conforming with all the applicable requirements for
the application of this document. The system purchaser shall be allowed to make any investigation
necessary to ensure conformity by the system provider and to reject any material and/or system that
does not conform with this document.
6 Material classes
The materials covered by this document are classified in Table 1. Each material used to make up the
system shall be classified into the appropriate class by the system provider.
If other materials, not fitting the classes within Table 1, are used, the system provider shall identify the
class that most closely represents the material and shall provide a gap analysis to the requirements for
that class to be included in the validation dossier.
Table 1 — Material classes
Solid/solid filled Blown foam Inorganic syntactic foam
Thermoplastics 1A 1B 1C
Liquid precursor non-elas-
2A 2B 2C
tomeric thermosets
Liquid precursor elasto-
3A 3B 3C
meric thermosets
High molecular weight
4A 4B 4C
precursor thermosets
7 Materials and system validation testing
7.1 General
This clause specifies the test requirements for validation of wet thermal insulation systems and for the
materials used within such single or multi-layer systems.
The test data generated shall be considered when conducting a risk analysis in accordance with 7.5.
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
Material testing as described in 7.2 is based upon material maximum and minimum rated temperatures.
System testing as described in 7.3 is based upon system maximum and minimum rated temperatures.
In the case of system testing (see 7.3), not all possible system variations regarding relative material
layer thicknesses and build-up of multiple similar layers can be assessed during initial validation of a
system. At least one representative system design, as proposed and justified by the system provider,
shall be evaluated.
7.2 Material validation testing
7.2.1 General
Materials shall be tested as specified in Table 2, which specifies general properties to be tested for
materials in an unexposed state, where applicable. Exposures to be performed on materials and testing
to be performed post-exposure, where applicable, are described in 7.2.2. The method for sample
preparation should be representative of the method used by the system supplier in manufacture of
the system. If required, samples shall be machined from a larger section of material to ensure all test
surfaces are representative of the through thickness of the material.
Material validation tests as specified in 7.2 are not required for materials with purely anti-corrosion
and/or adhesive functionality. Validation of inter-layer adhesion performance is described in 7.3.3.2
and 7.3.4. Anti-corrosion materials are addressed in 7.7.
In the case of material types B (blown foam) and C (inorganic syntactic foam) per Table 1, both the
minimum target density and the maximum target density, which can be the solid form, shall be tested
for each individual material commercially offered in a range of target densities.
Table 2 — General properties and testing requirements for unexposed materials
a
Applicable classes
b
Test temperature
Material property Test specification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
A B C A B C A B C A B C 23 °C ± 2 °C Max Min
Thermal conductivity Annex B √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Specific heat capacity ISO 11357-4 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Hydrostatic or triaxial com-
Annex C √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
pressive bulk modulus
Hydrostatic collapse pressure Annex C √ √ √ √ √ √
selected temperatures and pres-
Annex C √ √ √ √ sures as necessary to characterize
Triaxial compression and creep
the proposed operational window
performance
Annex C at maximum rated
√ √ √ √ √ √
pressure
Density ISO 1183 (all parts) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
ISO 527 (all parts) √ √ √ √ √ √   √ √ √
Tensile properties
ISO 37   √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
c
Flexural properties ISO 178 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Tear strength ISO 34-1 and ISO 34-2   √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Notched Charpy impact
ISO 179-1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √  √ √
strength
Hardness ISO 868 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
DSC ISO 11357-1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Temperature range
DMA ISO 6721-1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Temperature range
ISO 844 or ISO 604 √ √ √ √ √ √   √ √ √
Compressive strength
ASTM D575   √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
a
As per Table 1.
b
Test temperature is referenced to the material maximum and minimum rated temperatures.
c
Required only if used for establishing the effects of wet or dry heat exposure per 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
a
Applicable classes
b
Test temperature
Material property Test specification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
A B C A B C A B C A B C 23 °C ± 2 °C Max Min
Coefficient of linear thermal
ISO 11359-2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Temperature range
expansion
a
As per Table 1.
b
Test temperature is referenced to the material maximum and minimum rated temperatures.
c
Required only if used for establishing the effects of wet or dry heat exposure per 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4
7.2.2 Small-scale exposure testing for materials
7.2.2.1 General
The purpose of small-scale exposure testing is to provide material test data to be considered when
assessing the potential risks involved with using the material under specific service conditions in
accordance with 7.5.
The tests shall consider:
— water absorption and pressure effects;
— expected degradation phenomena (e.g. thermal, chemical, radiative);
— the dominant failure mechanism of the material in service.
For certain materials, physical changes can produce results in mechanical testing that are not indicative
of chemical breakdown. In such cases, additional testing may be performed to understand and explain
the extent and criticality of these physical changes. This may include the use of general and material
specific analysis techniques that lie outside of this specification. The results of such investigative work
shall be included in the validation dossier.
Four tests shall be performed:
a) determination of the potential for water absorption of each material in the insulation system (see
7.2.2.2);
b) determination of the change in the mechanical properties of each material due to water exposure
(see 7.2.2.3);
c) determination of the change in the mechanical properties of each material due to dry heat exposure
(see 7.2.2.4);
d) demonstration that the material of the outer-most layer of the system is resistant to UV exposure, if
applicable (see 7.2.2.5).
7.2.2.2 Water absorption test
Water absorption at temperature and pressure shall be established by evaluating for changes in sample
mass.
Sample preparation shall be fully described.
Exposure media shall match that utilized in 7.2.2.3. If natural seawater is used, the composition shall be
analysed and the results shall be included in the test report. Exposure media shall be replaced at each
sampling period.
ISO 12736-1:2023(E)
The water absorption test shall be performed taking into account the following conditions:
a) at least four temperatures:
1) 4 °C or 23 °C;
2) material maximum rated temperature
3) two additional temperatures not less than 30 °C below the material maximum rated
temperature and not less than 10 °C apart, preferably:
i. 15 °C below the material maximum rated temperature;
ii. 30 °C below the material maximum rated temperature;
4) if the validation envelope is to be extended by 15 °C or less, testing is only at the new material
maximum rated temperature;
b) duration: 1 year;
c) pressure: sufficient to prevent boiling of exposure media for Class A materials and maximum rated
pressure for Class B and C materials;
d) five samples per exposure temperature;
e) sample sizes for exposure: 50 mm × 50 mm, tested at a single thickness within a range of 2 mm to
8 mm, chosen at the discretion of the system provider;
f) minimum weighing intervals: before exposure, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and
12 months.
In order to ascertain the amount of water initially contained within the mater
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