EN ISO 12736:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2015
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Mokre toplotne izolacijske
prevleke za naftovode, dovodne cevi, opremo in podvodne konstrukcije (ISO
12736:2014)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Wet thermal insulation coatings for pipelines, flow
lines, equipment and subsea structures (ISO 12736:2014)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Unterwasser - Wärmedämmungsschicht für Rohrleitungen,
Vorlauf, Zubehör und Unterwasserkonstruktionen (ISO 12736:2014)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Revêtements pour isolation thermique de
canalisations et équipements sous marins (ISO 12736:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12736:2014
ICS:
25.220.99 Druge obdelave in prevleke Other treatments and
coatings
75.200 2SUHPD]DVNODGLãþHQMH Petroleum products and
QDIWHQDIWQLKSURL]YRGRYLQ natural gas handling
]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12736
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2014
ICS 25.220.20; 75.180.10
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Wet thermal insulation
coatings for pipelines, flow lines, equipment and subsea
structures (ISO 12736:2014)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Revêtements pour Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie- Wärmedämmschicht für
isolation thermique humide de canalisations, lignes Rohrleitungen, Vorlauf, Zubehör und
d'écoulement et structures sous-marines (ISO 12736:2014) Unterwasserkonstruktionen (ISO 12736:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12736:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 12736:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12736:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12736:2014 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12736
First edition
2014-12-15
Petroleum and natural gas
industries — Wet thermal insulation
coatings for pipelines, flow lines,
equipment and subsea structures
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Revêtements pour
isolation thermique humide de canalisations, lignes d’écoulement et
structures sous-marines
Reference number
ISO 12736:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 12736:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12736:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 General recommendations and requirements . 6
6 Qualification dossier . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Content of qualification dossier . 7
6.3 Anti-corrosion coating documentation . 7
7 Layer test requirements. 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Ageing tests . 8
7.2.1 General. 8
7.2.2 Water absorption kinetic test . 9
7.2.3 Wet heat ageing behaviour.10
7.2.4 Full insulation system ageing test (optional) .10
7.2.5 Weathering and UV resistance .11
8 Insulation system test requirements .11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Full scale test program .12
8.2.1 Test summary .12
8.2.2 Baseline tests (optional) .12
8.2.3 Simulated bend test .13
8.2.4 Cyclic (fatigue) bend test .13
8.2.5 Simulated tensioner test (optional) .13
8.2.6 Impact test .14
8.2.7 Simulated service test (factory applied coating) .14
8.2.8 Simulated service test (field joint) .14
8.2.9 Simulated service test (subsea equipment) (optional) .15
9 Application process and quality control .15
9.1 General .15
9.2 Qualification of operators .16
9.3 Application procedure specification (APS) .16
9.4 Procedure qualification test (PQT) .16
9.5 Pre-production test (PPT) .17
9.6 Production tests .17
9.6.1 General.17
9.6.2 Polypropylene insulation system .17
9.6.3 Polyurethane insulation systems .19
9.6.4 Silicone insulation systems .23
9.6.5 Rubber insulation systems .25
9.6.6 Epoxy insulation systems .29
9.6.7 Phenolic insulation systems .31
9.7 Final documentation .33
10 Requirements for field joints .33
10.1 General .33
10.2 Specific information relevant for field joint design and qualification .34
10.3 Qualification requirements .34
ISO 12736:2014(E)
10.4 Qualification of operators .34
10.5 Field joint coating APS/PQT/PPT .34
10.6 Production tests .35
10.6.1 Polypropylene field joint using injection moulded technique .35
10.6.2 Polyurethane field joint using casting technique .36
10.6.3 Elastomeric field joint coatings .39
10.7 Final documentation .41
11 Handling, storage and transportation requirements .41
Annex A (normative) Hydrostatic compressive behaviour/Tri-axial test procedures .42
Annex B (normative) Simulated bend test .47
Annex C (normative) Cyclic (fatigue) bend test .49
Annex D (normative) Simulated tensioner test .50
Annex E (normative) Simulated impact test .52
Annex F (normative) Simulated service test (factory applied coating) .53
Annex G (normative) Simulated service test (field joint) .55
Annex H (informative) Simulated service test (subsea equipment) .57
Annex I (normative) Ring shear test procedure .65
Annex J (normative) Determination of mass ratio of glass microspheres, density of glass
microspheres after processing and entrapped air ratio for glass syntactic materials .66
Annex K (informative) End of life through thickness water profile calculation .69
Bibliography .74
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12736:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment
and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2,
Pipeline transportation systems.
ISO 12736:2014(E)
Introduction
Users of this International Standard are advised that further or differing requirements can be required
for individual applications.
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12736:2014(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Wet thermal
insulation coatings for pipelines, flow lines, equipment and
subsea structures
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the minimum requirements for qualification, application, testing,
handling, storage and transportation of new and existing wet thermal insulation systems for pipelines,
flowlines, equipment and subsea structures in the petroleum and natural gas industries. The purpose of
these systems is to provide external corrosion protection and thermal insulation.
This International Standard is applicable to wet thermal insulation systems submerged in seawater.
This International Standard is not applicable to thermal insulation in the annulus of a steel pipe-in-pipe
system.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 34 (all parts), Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 62, Plastics — Determination of water absorption
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics — Determination of tensile properties
ISO 813, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of adhesion to a rigid substrate — 90
degree peel method
ISO 844, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of compression properties
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 1133 (all parts), Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-flow
rate (MVR) of thermoplastics
ISO 1172:1996, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics — Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates —
Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content — Calcination methods
ISO 1183 (all parts), Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics
ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of the effect of liquids
ISO 2781, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of density
ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 2811-1, Paints and varnishes — Determination of density — Part 1: Pyknometer method
ISO 2884 (all parts), Paints and varnishes — Determination of viscosity using rotary viscometers
ISO 12736:2014(E)
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity
and calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3219, Plastics — Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions — Determination of
viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 4590, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed cells
ISO 4624, Paint and varnishes — Pull-off test for adhesion
ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating
cylindrical drum device
ISO 4897, Cellular plastics — Determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of rigid materials
at sub-ambient temperatures
ISO 6502, Rubber — Guide to the use of curemeters
ISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness — Part 1:
Durometer method (Shore hardness)
ISO 7822:1990, Textile glass reinforced plastics — Determination of void content — Loss on ignition,
mechanical disintegration and statistical counting methods
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties —
Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates
and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
ISO 8502-3, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for
the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting
(pressure-sensitive tape method)
ISO 8502-4, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 4: Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation
prior to paint application
ISO 8503-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO
surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces
ISO 11357 (all parts), Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
ISO 14896, Plastics — Polyurethane raw materials — Determination of isocyanate content
ISO 15711, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cathodic disbonding of coatings
exposed to sea water
ISO 21809-1:2011, Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for buried or submerged
pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems — Part 1: Polyolefin coatings (3-layer PE and 3-layer PP)
ISO 21809-3:2008, Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for buried or submerged
pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems — Part 3: Field joint coatings
EN 253, District heating pipes — Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks —
Pipe assembly of steel service pipe
ASTM D4060, Standard test method for abrasion resistance of organic coatings by the taber abraser
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12736:2014(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
applicator
company which undertakes the coating application in accordance with the provisions of this
International Standard
3.2
certificate of analysis
batch certificate issued by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: It is a document that contains the results of tests performed by the manufacturer.
3.3
conformity certificate
certificate of conformity issued by the manufacturer
3.4
cool down time
time taken for a fluid contained within a pipeline to reach a pre-determined temperature from specific
start temperatures (internal and external) when fluid flow is stopped
3.5
cutback
uncoated area defined in terms of length at the ends of each pipe which is required to prevent damage
to the coating system when the pipe sections are welded together
3.6
end of life
condition of parameter of interest at the end of the service life
3.7
end user
company that owns and/or operates the production system
3.8
equipment
components other than pipelines and flowlines through which fluid flows from the well to the
processing facility
EXAMPLE Valve, manifold, christmas tree.
3.9
field joint
uncoated area that results when two pipe sections, or a pipe section and a fitting with coating cutbacks,
are assembled by welding
3.10
field joint coating
coating applied after two pipe sections with coating cutbacks have been assembled, by welding, in the
field or a fabrication site
3.11
field joint designer
company that proposes the field joint system for qualification in accordance with this International Standard
3.12
flowline
pipe that transfers fluid from an oil or gas well to the riser foot of a processing facility
ISO 12736:2014(E)
3.13
heat transfer coefficient
U-value
rate of heat transfer from a reference surface under the influence of a thermal gradient
-2 −1
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in W.m .K .
3.14
insulation system
specific combination of pre-treatment, anti-corrosion coating, insulation and protective outer sheath to
achieve the corrosion protection and insulation properties as described in this International Standard
3.15
layer
materials applied to the surface to be insulated in units of discrete thickness to build up the insulation system
3.16
manufacturer
company responsible for the manufacture of coating materials
3.17
material data sheet
form containing data regarding the physical and mechanical properties of a particular material used in
the coating process including guidelines and recommendations for its processing and use
3.18
material safety data sheet
form intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling and working
with the material in a safe manner including physical data such as flash point, toxicity, first aid
3.19
maximum rated pressure
external pressure for which the insulation layers are designed, according to the system supplier
3.20
maximum and minimum rated temperature
conditions for which the insulation layers are designed, according to the system supplier
3.21
pipeline
pipe that transfers fluid from a processing or storage facility to another location be it another processing
facility, refinery, chemical plant or end user
3.22
PI tape
precision vernier periphery tape that allows the direct and accurate measurement of the diameter of
tubular objects without the need for callipers or micrometers
3.23
pre-production test
PPT
series of tests performed immediately before the start of production, designed to demonstrate that the
requirements of a previously qualified coating system are achieved, as outlined in this International
Standard and as outlined by the purchaser
3.24
procedure qualification test
PQT
series of tests designed to demonstrate that the coating materials, coating applicator, coating equipment
and coating procedure can meet the requirements as outlined in this International Standard and as
outlined by the purchaser
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12736:2014(E)
3.25
purchaser
company responsible for providing the product order requirements
3.26
service life
specified period of use of the insulation coating in service
3.27
stalk
continuous string of welded and field joint coated pipe, which is prepared in readiness for pipe spooling
onto a reel lay barge
Note 1 to entry: A number of stalks will normally be required to make up a flowline or pipeline.
3.28
stalk tie-in
weld connection followed by field joint coating, which is completed between stalks during pipe spooling
3.29
subsea structure
structural foundation or template for the positioning, support and protection of various items of
production equipment
EXAMPLE Manifolds, trees.
3.30
syntactic foam
insulation material formed by dispersing hollow particles within a polymer matrix
Note 1 to entry: Polyurethane, epoxy, phenolic and PP, silicone are examples of polymers.
3.31
system supplier
company that proposes the insulation system for qualification in accordance with this International Standard
3.32
thermal conductivity
k-value
ability of a material to conduct heat, generally quantified in terms of the heat flow through a unit length
of material under the influence of a standardized temperature difference
−1 −1
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in W.m .K .
3.33
unit of production
quantity of three layer polypropylene coated pipes, at the same stage in the coating sequence, where the
final insulation thickness is built up by multiple application of the constituent layers
Note 1 to entry: The constituent layers are the insulation layers and the top coat.
ISO 12736:2014(E)
4 Abbreviated terms
3LPP three layer polypropylene
4LPP four layer polypropylene
APS application procedure specification
CD cathodic disbondment
CP cathodic protection
DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
DSC differential scanning calorimetry
FBE fusion bonded epoxy
FJC field joint coating
GSPP glass syntactic polypropylene
GSPU glass syntactic polyurethane
HDPE high density polyethylene
ID internal diameter
ITP inspection and test plan
MFR melt flow rate
OD outer diameter
PE polyethylene
PP polypropylene
PU polyurethane
RH relative humidity
SPU syntactic PU
UV ultraviolet
5 General recommendations and requirements
A quality management system and an environmental management system should be applied to assist
compliance with the requirements of this International Standard.
NOTE ISO/TS 29001 gives sector-specific guidance on quality management systems and ISO 14001 gives
guidance on the selection and use of an environmental management system.
The applicator shall be responsible for complying with all of the applicable requirements of this
International Standard. It shall be permissible for the purchaser to make any investigation necessary in
order to have assurance of compliance by the applicator and to reject any material and/or coating that
does not comply.
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12736:2014(E)
6 Qualification dossier
6.1 General
A qualification dossier of the proposed insulation system in accordance with this clause shall be
presented by the system supplier for review, when requested by purchaser. The requirements of this
clause shall apply to all layers present in the insulation system. The content of such a dossier shall be in
accordance with 6.2 and 6.3.
Historical data may be included in this qualification dossier and will be subject to review and approval
by purchaser.
6.2 Content of qualification dossier
The system supplier shall provide qualification documentation which shall include the following as a
minimum.
a) System summary:
1) description of the insulation system tested;
2) maximum rated temperature and pressure;
3) minimum and maximum temperature guidelines for storage, handling, installation and
corresponding recommendations.
b) Insulation system materials:
1) material or layer technical data sheet and material safety data sheet;
2) recommended shelf life and storage instructions;
3) material, or layer when applicable, conformity certificate and material certificate of analysis
from the manufacturer with the following information:
i) product name and manufacturer;
ii) manufacturing plant;
iii) date of manufacture;
iv) batch number;
v) properties to be tested with every batch and corresponding conformity ranges;
vi) date of issue;
vii) signature of authorized personnel (with name and function);
4) test data for each individual layer, in accordance with Clause 7.
c) As applied coating: qualification data for the application process, in accordance with Clause 9.
d) Full scale testing: test data for the complete system as applied, in accordance with Clause 8.
6.3 Anti-corrosion coating documentation
The purpose of this International Standard is not to define a proper qualification program for anti-
corrosion coating. The wet insulation system supplier can select any anti-corrosion coating suitable
for the maximum rated temperature of its insulation system and with which the system will pass the
qualification requirements of this International Standard.
ISO 12736:2014(E)
If the anti-corrosion coating selected by the end user is different from the one used by the system supplier
for qualification, both parties shall agree on a test program to ensure that anti-corrosion coating and
wet insulation are compatible up to the maximum rated temperature of the insulation system.
7 Layer test requirements
7.1 General
Each layer of the insulation system or each insulation material shall be tested as specified in this clause.
Table 1 specifies general properties to be tested for each layer where applicable.
Table 2 specifies properties to be tested on a case by case basis by agreement with the purchaser.
Each property measurement shall be documented along with the acceptance criteria for use in Clause 9.
Requirements for the qualification of repair materials shall be by agreement.
Table 1 — General properties
Test temperature Maximum rated Minimum rated
Layer property Test specification
23°C ± 2°C temperature temperature
Thermal conductivity ISO 8301  
 
Specific heat capacity ISO 11357
Hydrostatic compressive behaviour Annex A  
a
 
Water absorption ISO 62, ISO 1817
Density ISO 1183 
b
  
Tensile properties ISO 527, ISO 37
Hardness ISO 868 
DSC ISO 11357-2 Temperature range
DMA N/A Temperature range
a
ISO 1817 for elastomers.
b
ISO 37 for elastomers.
Table 2 — Specific properties
Test temperature Maximum rated Minimum rated
Material property Test specification
23°C ± 2°C temperature temperature
Compressive strength ISO 844   
a
Abrasion resistance ASTM D 4060 / ISO 4649 
Coefficient of linear thermal ISO 4897
 
expansion
UV resistance See 7.2.5
a
ISO 4649 for elastomers
7.2 Ageing tests
7.2.1 General
The purpose of the ageing tests is to estimate the thermal, chemical and mechanical stability for the
material’s service life. The tests shall account for:
— all expected ageing phenomena, (including thermal and chemical ageing);
— the failure mechanism of the insulation material,
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12736:2014(E)
— any water absorption and pressure effects.
For certain materials, physical changes can produce results in tensile testing that are not indicative of
chemical change. In such cases additional testing may be performed in order to explain and to understand
the extent and criticality of these physical changes. This may include the use of general and material
specific analysis techniques that lie outside of this specification. The results of such investigative work
shall be included in the test dossier.
End of life properties should be determined and considered based on relevant application specific acceptance
criteria. These shall be defined and explained by the system supplier with the ageing test results.
For each individual layer (or material) available in a range of density, the ageing tests are required only
for one density, provided the data in Table 1 are documented for the relevant range of density.
In order to estimate the potential degradation of an insulation system due to wet ageing, two tests shall
be performed:
— determination of the water absorption kinetic of each layer in the insulation system (7.2.2);
— determination of the degradation of the thermo-mechanical properties of each layer due to water
ageing (7.2.3).
Ageing tests are not required for anti-corrosion and adhesive layers.
An optional full insulation system ageing test may be carried out in accordance with 7.2.4 to verify the
long term behaviour.
7.2.2 Water absorption kinetic test
The objective shall be the determination of the end of life, through thickness, water profile.
Ageing media shall be either fresh water or seawater. Artificial seawater, if used, shall be prepared in
accordance with ISO 15711.
The test shall be performed as follows:
— four temperatures:
— 4°C;
— maximum rated temperature minus 30°C;
— maximum rated temperature minus 15°C;
— maximum rated temperature (as defined in 6.2);
— duration: 1 year;
— pressure: maximum rated pressure (as defined in 6.2);
— 5 samples of each size per ageing temperature;
— sample sizes for ageing tests shall be (50 x 50 x 4) mm and (50 × 50 × 8) mm. Moulded samples
should be used whenever possible;
— weighing intervals: 1, 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. After removal from water, samples shall
be dried with a clean dry cloth or filter paper and weighed. These six data points shall be reported
on a graph and the absorption kinetic (diffusion coefficient and saturation) of the material(s) shall
be determined. The test media shall be replaced at each sampling interval.
NOTE 1 Using the classical diffusion law (Fick), these data allow (knowing the through thickness temperature
profile) an estimation of the end of life through thickness water profile of the structure (see detailed guidance as
information in Annex K).
ISO 12736:2014(E)
NOTE 2 In the case of non-Fickian diffusion (Langmuir, loss of weight), more complex analysis can be performed
in order to estimate the through thickness long term behaviour of the insulation system (see Annex K).
7.2.3 Wet heat ageing behaviour
The potential degradation shall be verified by testing of tensile properties at 23°C ± 2°C. Flexural testing
may be carried out in place of tensile testing for brittle materials.
Sample preparation shall be fully described.
Tensile tests shall be performed in accordance with ISO 527 for thermoplastics or ISO 37 Type 1 for
elastomers. Flexural testing for brittle materials shall be performed in accordance with ISO 178.
Ageing media shall be either fresh water or seawater. Artificial seawater, if used, shall be prepared in
accordance with ISO 15711.
The ageing test shall be performed as follows:
— three temperatures:
— maximum rated temperature minus 30°C;
— maximum rated temperature minus 15°C;
— maximum rated temperature (as defined in 6.2).
— duration: 1 year;
— pressure: maximum rated pressure (as defined in 6.2);
— 5 samples per ageing temperature and sampling step;
— sampling intervals: 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.
Before mechanical testing, samples shall be kept in water (identical to the one used for the ageing test)
at 23°C ± 2°C for a period of 24 h minimum, and tested immediately after being taken out of water.
At sampling intervals, samples shall be dried after removal from water with a clean dry cloth or filter
paper, weighed and tested in accordance with relevant standard without any reconditioning (no drying
of samples). The test media shall be replaced at each sampling interval.
7.2.4 Full insulation system ageing test (optional)
An approximately 1 m long tube, minimum 25 mm in diameter and coated with approximately 50 mm of
the full insulation system (see Figure 1 for details), shall be used for the full insulation system ageing test.
Ageing media shall be either fresh water or seawater. Artificial seawater, if used, shall be prepared in
accordance with ISO 15711.
The ageing test shall be performed as follows:
— internal temperature: maximum rated temperature (as defined in 6.2);
— external temperature: 20°C ± 3°C;
— duration: 1 month to 6 months;
— pressure: atmospheric pressure (or under pressure
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