EN 12878:2014

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Pigmenti za obarvanje gradbenih materialov na osnovi cementa in/ali apna - Specifikacije in metode preskušanjaPigmente zum Einfärben von zement- und/oder kalkgebundenen Baustoffen - Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenPigments de coloration des matériaux de construction à base de ciment et/ou de chaux - Spécifications et méthodes d'essaiPigments for the colouring of building materials based on cement and/or lime - Specifications and methods of test91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar87.060.10Pigmenti in polnilaPigments and extendersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12878:2014SIST EN 12878:2014en,fr,de01-julij-2014SIST EN 12878:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12878:2005/AC:2006SIST EN 12878:20051DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12878
April 2014 ICS 87.060.10; 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 12878:2005English Version
Pigments for the colouring of building materials based on cement and/or lime - Specifications and methods of test
Pigments de coloration des matériaux de construction à base de ciment et/ou de chaux - Spécifications et méthodes d'essai
Pigmente zum Einfärben von zement- und/oder kalkgebundenen Baustoffen - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 January 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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Foreword .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Requirements .7 4.1 Effects on concrete properties .7 4.1.1 General .7 4.1.2 Setting time .7 4.1.3 Compressive strength .7 4.2 Composition .7 4.2.1 General .7 4.2.2 Constitution of pigments .8 4.2.3 Water soluble substances .8 4.2.4 Soluble chloride .8 4.2.5 Total chlorine .8 4.3 Loss on ignition .8 4.4 Emission of radioactivity .9 4.5 Release of dangerous substances .9 4.6 Relative colour strength .9 4.7 Residue on sieve.9 4.8 pH value .9 4.9 Alkali stability .9 4.10 Resistance to weathering .9 4.11 Thermal stability .9 4.12 Colour comparison against standard pigment .9 5 Test methods . 10 5.1 Effect on concrete properties . 10 5.1.1 Setting time . 10 5.1.2 Compressive strength . 10 5.2 Composition . 10 5.2.1 General . 10 5.2.2 Composition of the pigments . 10 5.2.3 Water soluble substances . 10 5.2.4 Soluble chloride . 10 5.2.5 Total chlorine . 10 5.3 Loss on ignition . 11 5.4 Emission of radioactivity . 11 5.5 Release of dangerous substances . 11 5.6 Relative colour strength . 11 5.6.1 General remarks. 11 5.6.2 Relative colour strength in barytes or white Portland cement CEM I (dry mix) . 12 5.6.3 Determination of relative colour strength in barytes (wet mix) . 13 5.6.4 Determination of relative colour strength in white Portland cement mortar (wet mix) . 13 5.7 Residue on sieve. 14 5.8 pH value . 14 5.9 Alkali stability . 15 5.9.1 General remarks. 15 SIST EN 12878:2014

Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Regulation . 24 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 24 ZA.2 Procedure for AVCP of pigments for use in the colouring of building materials based on cement and cement/lime combinations . 25 ZA.2.1 Systems of Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) . 25 ZA.2.2 Declaration of performance (DoP) . 26 ZA.2.2.1 General . 26 ZA.2.2.2 Content. 26 ZA.2.2.3 Example of DoP . 27 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling. 28 Bibliography . 30
Pigments covered by this European Standard may also be used in pure lime mortar. For this application, see EN 459-1 and EN 459-2. Pigments for this purpose may be single pigments, blends of pigments, or blends of pigments and extenders, in powder or granular form, or aqueous preparations. Pigments typically belong to one of the following classes of compounds: — synthetic or natural oxides and hydroxides of iron; — oxides of chromium, titanium and manganese; — complex inorganic pigments, for example combinations of the above mentioned metal oxides and hydroxides with cobalt, aluminium, nickel and antimony oxides and hydroxides; — ultramarine pigments; — phthalocyanine blue and green; — elemental carbon (shall be regarded as an inorganic pigment); — blends of the above materials (which may also include extenders). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 196-1:2005, Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement - Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 934-1:2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 1: Common requirements EN ISO 787-3, General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 3: Determination of matter soluble in water - Hot extraction method (ISO 787-3) EN ISO 787-7, General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 7: Determination of residue on sieve - Water method - Manual procedure (ISO 787-7) EN ISO 787-9, General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 9: Determination of pH value of aqueous suspension (ISO 787-9) EN ISO 787-13, General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 13: Determination of water-soluble sulfates, chlorides and nitrates (ISO 787-13) SIST EN 12878:2014

The inorganic pigment dosage shall be 5,0 % solids, carbon black and organic pigment dosage of 2,0 % solids, by mass, based on the cement amount for testing according 5.1.
If a higher dosage of pigment is recommended the tests shall be carried out with that dosage. The dosage in percent by mass shall be specified by the manufacturer. 4.1.2 Setting time 4.1.2.1 Initial setting time The initial setting time of cement with the single pigment or a blend (both as powder, granulate or preparation), determined in accordance with 5.1.1, shall be not less than 60 min. The maximum difference between the initial setting time of mixes with and without the single pigment or a blend (both as powder, granulate or preparation) shall be not greater than 60 min. 4.1.2.2 Final setting time The final setting time of cement with the single pigment or a blend (both as powder, granulate or preparation), determined in accordance with 5.1.1, shall not be longer than 720 min. The maximum difference between the final setting time of mixes with and without the single pigment or a blend (both as powder, granulate or preparation) shall be not greater than 120 min. 4.1.3 Compressive strength The 28 day compressive strength of mixes with the single pigment or a blend (both as powder, granulate or preparation), determined in accordance with 5.1.2, shall not be reduced in comparison with the mix without pigment more than — Category A: the manufacturer’s declared value; — Category B: 8 %. 4.2 Composition 4.2.1 General The stability of a pigment with respect to colour shall be linked to the intended end use conditions. SIST EN 12878:2014

— Category B: 0,5 % by mass for single pigments and pigment blends. Where additives such as dispersion agents, binding agents and/or grinding aids are used for powder and non-powder preparations, their total water soluble content shall be equal to or less than 5,0 % (8 % for carbon black) by mass, based on solids. The used additives shall conform to EN 934-1:2008, Annex A.1. For pigment blends in powder form, evidence of compliance may be calculated from data recorded for constituent single pigments. 4.2.4 Soluble chloride The soluble chloride content of a single pigment or a blend (powder, granulate or preparation), determined in accordance with 5.2.4, shall not be greater than — Category A: the manufacturer's declared value; — Category B: 0,10 % by mass. For pigment blends in powder form, evidence of compliance may be calculated from data recorded for constituent single pigments. Where pigment blends, pigment/extender mixtures, or granulates or aqueous preparations thereof, are used in excess of 5 % based on cement, the total content of halides which are admitted into the concrete should not exceed 0,005 % based on the cement. 4.2.5 Total chlorine The total chlorine content of a single pigment or a blend (powder, granulate or preparation), determined in accordance with 5.2.5, shall not be greater than — Category A: the manufacturer's declared value;
— Category B: 0,10 % by mass. For pigment blends in powder form, evidence of compliance may be calculated from data recorded for constituent single pigments. 4.3 Loss on ignition The loss on ignition of a single pigment or a blend (powder, granulate or preparation), determined in accordance with 5.3, shall be declared by the manufacturer. SIST EN 12878:2014

4.5 Release of dangerous substances Where subject to regulatory requirements, the release of dangerous substances by a single pigment or a blend (powder, granulate or preparation) shall be declared.
National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this standard are placed on those markets. In the absence of European harmonized test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use. NOTE An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction website on EUROPA accessed through: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds/ 4.6 Relative colour strength The relative colour strength in comparison with the standard pigment, determined in accordance with 5.6, shall be 100 % ± 5 %. 4.7 Residue on sieve The residue on the sieve of pigment in powder form, determined in accordance with 5.7, shall be declared by the manufacturer. 4.8 pH value The pH value, determined in accordance with 5.8, shall conform with the manufacturer's specified value ± 2. 4.9 Alkali stability The manufacturer shall declare that the pigment, tested in accordance with 5.9, is alkali stable. 4.10 Resistance to weathering The manufacturer shall declare that the pigment, tested in accordance with 5.10, is resistant to weathering. 4.11 Thermal stability The manufacturer shall declare that the pigment, tested in accordance with 5.11, is thermally stable. 4.12 Colour comparison against standard pigment The manufacturer shall declare the ûE value, compared against the standard pigment, tested in accordance with 5.12. NOTE Research into the repeatability and reproducibility of this test method has shown that samples prepared using the same pigments at five separate laboratories produced results within a ûE range of 0,5. SIST EN 12878:2014

Generally, an amount of not more than 10,0 % pigment should be added to cement or lime.
Sampling shall be in accordance with 6.2. 5.2.2 Composition of the pigments Determine the chemical composition of the pigments (4.2.2) in accordance with the relevant standard (see Bibliography). Where no standard exists, appropriate up-to-date analytical procedures shall be used. 5.2.3 Water soluble substances The determination of the water soluble content shall be performed in accordance with EN ISO 787-3. In pigment preparations (3.4 and 3.5) the quantity to be used is chosen so that it contains the amount of solids indicated in EN ISO 787-3. 5.2.4 Soluble chloride Conduct the test for water soluble chloride in accordance with EN ISO 787-13. For pigment preparations (3.4 and 3.5), the quantity to be used is chosen so that it contains the amount of solids indicated in EN ISO 787-3. 5.2.5 Total chlorine 5.2.5.1 Reagents 5.2.5.1.1
Sodium carbonate, anhydrous 5.2.5.1.2
Nitric acid 1:1 (1 volume 65 % nitric acid (density 1,4 g/cm3) and 1 volume water) 5.2.5.1.3
0,1 N silver nitrate solution SIST EN 12878:2014

5.6.2.1.9 Pigment in powder form, to be used as a reference sample. 5.6.2.1.10 Mechanical sieve machine or shaker. 5.6.2.2 Test procedure The pigment sample (0,1 g to 0,5 g weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg) and 10,00 g of the white material are weighed into the shaker jar. After adding 200 stainless steel balls, mix for 3 min with the mechanical sieve machine or shaker. If a suitable machine is not available the jar may be hand-shaken until a thorough mix is obtained. Abraded glass shaking jars and corroded steel balls shall be discarded. Sieve the contents of the jar to remove the stainless steel balls. The resultant dry powder mix shall appear without streaks when spread and smoothed out with the spatula on the rough paper. If streaks are apparent, the test shall be repeated using a longer shaking time. Prepare a mix of the reference sample in a similar manner. To determine the colour strength, place the mixes alongside each other on the paper and draw down with the spatula, so that the mixes touch but do not intermix. Compare the drawdowns visually and, if different, adjust the amount of pigment in the test mix and repeat until parity with the reference sample mix is achieved. 5.6.2.3 Calculation of result The relative colour strength F, in %, of the pigment tested is calculated using the formula: 100TR⋅=mmF (3) SIST EN 12878:2014

5.6.3.1.2 Glass plates 5.6.3.1.3 Forced-air drying oven 5.6.3.1.4 Aqueous preparation (or pigment in powder or granular form) and a reference sample 5.6.3.1.5 Tap water 5.6.3.2 Test procedure The pigment sample (0,3 g to 1,5 g weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg) and 30,00 g of barytes are weighed into the shaker jar. Add 300 stainless steel balls and sufficient water to produce a free flowing suspension. The suspension shall separate easily from the stainless steel balls and be easily drawn down. Shake the jar as described in 5.6.2.2. Sieve the aqueous suspension directly after the shake cycle. Draw out the aqueous suspension on a glass plate, using the film applicator, and dry in the oven at 105 °C ± 5 °C for 15 min. Scrape the dried mixture from the glass plate and follow the dry mix procedure in accordance with 5.6.2.2; mix for 1 min to pulverize the mix. Prepare a mix using the reference sample in similar manner and compare. Compare the drawdowns visually and, if different, adjust the amount of pigment in the test mix and repeat until parity with the reference sample mix is achieved. Calculate the test results in accordance with 5.6.2.3. NOTE For further details, see Annex A. 5.6.4 Determination of relative colour strength in white Portland cement mortar (wet mix) 5.6.4.1 Test procedure Mortar test pieces are made using the pigment to be tested and the reference sample. After curing, the test pieces are split and their split faces are compared. SIST EN 12878:2014

Test and reference pieces are split and compared visually, both on the split face and the smooth surfaces. If necessary, remove efflorescence by washing with diluted (approximately 5,0 %) hydrochloric or formic acid, thoroughly rewash with water and dry. The pigment is regarded as being alkali stable if the test sample has remained similar to the reference sample.
Different cements can lead to a lightening of the split faces of the specimen as a result of the ongoing hydration process. Should testing point to an unsatisfactory colour stability of the pigment in the cement, the test shall be repeated using a pigment with established colour stability to determine whether the lightening of the split face is traceable to the hydration of the cement. NOTE For further details, see Annex A. 5.10 Resistance to weathering Resistance to weathering is evaluated by comparing a weathered specimen with an unweathered reference specimen; the test method shall be agreed between the interested parties. Outdoor weathering shall be the reference method. The following basic rules apply: — The test shall be conducted in the same building material to be coloured by the pigment. — If several pigments are tested in relation to each other the test specimen shall be produced in an identical manner. — Test specimen shall be free of coatings on their weather-exposed surfaces; for example pigmented or transparent acrylate coatings, mould release oils, water repellent impregnation's (e.g. silicones), etc. — Reference specimen used for comparison shall be stored dry and in the dark. During the course of time a small degree of efflorescence may occur. This should be taken into account when comparing test and reference specimens. SIST EN 12878:2014

The thermal stability of a pigment can play a role during the manufacture of building materials by a production process involving elevated temperature (e.g. autoclave curing). Such processes cannot be simulated by simple laboratory tests. A test method shall be agreed between the interested parties. 5.12 Colour comparison against the standard pigment 5.12.1 General The total colour difference attained in coloured cement or cement/lime bound construction material is determined by means of a special test method. The pigment (as defined in 3.1 to 3.5) shall be tested in a mortar mix in accordance with the following method. Testing may be carried out in accordance with alternative test methods with a proven correlation to this standard method. The measurement of total colour difference shall be carried out well below the point of colour saturation in a given formulation. This is the point at which an increase in pigment loading produces no noticeable change in colour intensity. Sampling shall be in accordance with 6.2. 5.12.2 Equipment and test materials 5.12.2.1 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0,01 g. 5.12.2.2 Mixer, as described in EN 196-1:2005, 4.4. 5.12.2.3 Timer 5.12.2.4 Steel mould for 10 cm × 10 cm blocks. 5.12.2.5 Hydraulic press, pressure force 110 kN. 5.12.2.6 Colourimeter or Spectrophotometer: light source C or D. 5.12.2.7 Silica sand fractions 0,2 mm to 1,0 mm and 1,0 mm to 2,0 mm. SIST EN 12878:2014

Pigment to be used as a reference sample 5.12.3 Mortar formulation: 1 200 g
Silica sand 0,2 mm to 1,0 mm 600 g
Silica sand 1,0 mm to 2,0 mm
200 g Limestone powder 500 g
Grey cement 175 g
Tap water, w/c value 0,35 Pigment: different quantities are to be used (by weight of solids for dispersions) as follows: Inorganic coloured pigments 15,0 g Inorganic black pigments 15,0 g (additionally 30,0 g titanium dioxide for reduction) Carbon black 5,0 g (additionally 30,0 g titanium dioxide for reduction) Organic pigments 5,0 g. 5.12.4 Test procedure Place the sands, limestone powder and the pigment in the mixing vessel and stir dry for 10 s at a slow stirrer speed (appr
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