EN 1247:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2004
Livarski stroji – Varnostne zahteve za livne ponve, opremo za vlivanje, stroje za
centrifugalno vlivanje ter stroje za kontinuirno in polkontinuirno vlivanje
Foundry machinery - Safety requirements for ladles, pouring equipment, centrifugal
casting machines, continuous and semi continous casting machines
Gießereimaschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Pfannen, Gießeinrichtungen,
Schleudergießmaschinen kontinuierliche und halbkontinuierliche Stranggießmaschinen
Machines de fonderie - Prescriptions de sécurité concernant les poches, les matériels de
coulée, les machines a couler par centrifugation, les machines a couler en continu ou en
semi-continu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1247:2004
ICS:
25.120.30 Livarska oprema Moulding equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1247
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2004
ICS 25.120.30
English version
Foundry machinery - Safety requirements for ladles, pouring
equipment, centrifugal casting machines, continuous and semi
continous casting machines
Machines de fonderie - Prescriptions de sécurité Gießereimaschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen für
concernant les poches, les matériels de coulée, les Gießpfannen, Gießeinrichtungen,
machines à couler par centrifugation, les machines à couler Schleudergießmaschinen, kontinuierliche und
en continu ou en semi-continu halbkontinuierliche Stranggießmaschinen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 December 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1247:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 List of hazards.7
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .8
5.1 General.8
5.2 Ladles.10
5.3 Pouring equipment .13
5.4 Centrifugal casting machines.16
5.5 Continuous and semi continuous casting machines for non-ferrous metals.19
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures .24
7 Information for use .24
7.1 Marking .24
7.2 Technical data and description of safety .25
7.3 Instruction Handbook.25
7.3.1 Manual.25
7.3.2 Training of the operative personnel.26
7.3.3 Maintenance Manual.26
Annex A (informative) Methods of testing flammability of hydraulic fluids.27
A.1 General.27
A.2 Example 1 (German Technical Supervision Company TÜV).27
A.2.1 Principle.27
A.2.2 Procedure .27
A.2.3 Evaluation.27
A.2.4 Source of supply:.27
A.3 Example 2 (7th Luxembourg report).27
A.3.1 Test of the sprayed spurt.27
A.3.2 Determination of the flame propagation within the mixture of coal dust and fluid .28
A.3.3 Source of supply.28
Annex B (informative) Examples for typical designs.29
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .36
Bibliography .37

Foreword
This document (EN 1247:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 202 “Safety requirements of
foundry machinery”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by February 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by February 2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or type B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that
have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
This document covers: the equipment concerned, the hazards and hazardous situation as well as all events during
construction, operation and maintenance normally foreseeable.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements to be met by the manufacturer for the foreseeable significant hazards due to
design, construction and installation, during commissioning, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of the
following machines and equipment which are used directly and indirectly for the manufacture of castings:
 Ladles;
 Pouring equipment;
 Centrifugal casting machines for production of tubes (only machines with horizontal or oblique axis of rotation);
 Continuous and semi continuous casting machines for non-ferrous metals.
This document specifies the safety requirements in addressing the following items:
 controls;
 protection against:
 mechanical hazards, movement of machines and material, ejection of parts, material, liquids and gases,
implosion, structural instability;
 electric hazards;
 explosion, fire, scalds, contact with hot parts (burns), gases and flames;
 noise and vibration;
 thermal radiation;
 harmful by-products, poisoning, pollution of operators air;
 impact;
 deterioration of worker’s health;
 shearing;
 crushing;
 maintenance, provision for warning systems.
It is assumed that
 normal operation of equipment falling within this scope may involve the intervention of personnel;
 machines are operated by skilled and adequately trained persons;
 machines are used with adequate workplace lighting conforming to local regulations, or to EN 12464-1.
This document does not specify the safety requirements for machines in combination and for ancillary plant,
melting, holding, drying and/or heating equipment, crane installations, winches, conveyors or handling systems
which could be an integral part of the above equipment, or ladles which are specific to steelworks or ladles forming
part of a crane or ladles for pouring by a casting machine or vessels used for molten metal transport on public
highway, or continuous or semi continuous casting equipment which is specific to steelworks, or ladles which are
carried by hand.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment functional aspects — Principles for design.
EN 626-1:1994, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by
machinery — Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers.
EN 626-2:1996, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by
machinery — Part 2: Methodology leading to verification procedures.
EN 746-2:1997, Industrial thermoprocessing equipment — Part 2: Safety requirements for combustion and fuel
handling systems.
EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and
movable guards.
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for
design.
EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up.
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery — Terminology.
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection.
EN 1265:1999, Noise test codes for foundry machines and equipment.
EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:1997).
EN 60519-1:1993, Safety in electroheat installations; Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60519-1:1984).
EN 61310-1:1995, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual,
auditory and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:1995).
EN 61310-2:1995, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for marking
(IEC 61310-2:1995).
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
(ISO 4871:1996).
EN ISO 11688-1/AC:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995).
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003).
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications (ISO 12100-2:2003).
EN ISO 14122-1:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of a
fixed means of access between two levels (ISO 14122-1:2001).
EN ISO 14122-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2001).
EN ISO 14122-3:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2001).
prEN ISO 14122-4:2002, Safety of Machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed
ladders (ISO/DIS 14122-4:1996).
ISO 7745:1989, Hydraulic fluid power — fire-resistant (FR) fluids — Guidelines for use.
CENELEC R044-001, 1999, Safety of machinery — Guidance and recommendations for the avoidance of hazards
due to static electricity.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998 and the following apply.
3.1
Ladle
tiltable vessel with or without hanger with or without refractory lining designed to contain, transport and discharge
molten material (see Annex B, Figures B.1 and B.2).
NOTE The tilting movement is often achieved by power driven tilting drives. Sometimes ladles are bottom discharging. In
this case discharging is achieved by moving a stopper rod (see Annex B, Figure B.2) or a hydraulically or pneumatically driven
bottom slide gate nozzle. Ladles are usually transported by hoists and have their own hanger which is integral to the ladle.
Sometimes ladles are transported by floor based trucks or fork lift trucks.
3.2
tundish
refractory lined vessel with a discharge at its bottom which may be interposed between the ladle and the mould in
teeming
3.3
pouring equipment
mechanically or electrically driven device (see Annex B, Figure B.6) which stores and delivers molten metal to the
mould as part of an automatic or semi automatic integrated casting plant

NOTE: This equipment consists of a vessel, heated or unheated, with or without a metering device, for delivery of molten
metal to the mould by gravity, or by applying air or inert gas pressure or vacuum onto the surface of the molten metal in the
vessel. Heated vessels are also called furnaces.
3.4
centrifugal casting machine
machine to manufacture tubes by centrifugal means. The axis of the tube coincides with the axis of rotation and
where the thickness of the tube is determined by the dimensions of the mould and the amount of metal cast (see
Annex B, Figure B.7). The said axis may be horizontal or oblique (vertical axis of rotation is excluded, see Clause
1)
3.5
continuous and semi continuous casting machine
machine which provides a regular or intermittent supply of liquid metal (for this document: non-ferrous metal only,
see Clause 1) to a mould, from where the solidified product leaves under gravity or by powered means

Depending upon the direction in which the bar leaves the tundish distinction is made between vertical and
horizontal casting. Additionally, distinction is made between continuous and semi continuous casting as to whether
the bar is cast without interruption and cut with a flying saw or is stopped after reaching a determined length and is
then completely removed from the equipment.
In the non-ferrous metals sector the semi continuous casting process is mainly used.
3.6
metering
monitoring the amount of liquid metal
3.7
breakthrough
refractory lining of the pouring equipment is penetrated by molten metal
3.8
stripping/ejection of castings
removal of the centrifugal casting from the mould after solidification
3.9
self-locking gear
a gearbox meets the requirements for self-locking, if the following test gives evidence: the ladle is bottom-placed
and removed from the hook; the hanger is moved to a inclined position at approx. 45 degree . The hanger shall be
kept in this position by the gearbox. This requirement for self-locking applies for vibration-less conditions only
3.10
refractories
material being resistant to high temperatures with a high refractoriness under load for the bricking up and lining of
pouring equipment and ladles
4 List of hazards
Hazardous situations are those where the risk of being injured through hazardous movements (e. g., squeeze or
shear points) or sources of hazard exists (e. g., hazardous materials, conduction and radiation of heat, ejection of
molten or very hot metal, explosion, ignition of hydraulic or lubrication fluids, unexpected discharge of molten
metal).
A parameter for the level of safety measures to be applied is the risk of accident to be expected, the extent of which
depends upon the highest foreseeable degree of severity and effect as well as the probability of an injury, e. g.,
exposure to risk (frequency of intervention or access or duration of stay in a danger zone). Movable safeguards or
facilities with guarding functions in danger zones with fixed cycle intervention or access (e. g., during filling with
molten metal or periodical manual cleaning or trouble shooting) require a special degree of safety against
unexpected start up or dangerous movements, as well as against hazardous sources and failure of relevant
safeguards and control systems.
An assessment of the foreseeable risks arising from the intended use of the equipment was carried out when this
document was prepared.
This assessment formed the basis for determining
a) potentially hazardous situations having significant risks;
b) the safety requirements and/or measures which shall be incorporated into the machinery/equipment;
c) any information describing the intended uses which shall be communicated to the user.
The significant hazards and hazardous situations identified are listed in columns 1 and 2 of Clause 5, Table 1.
Before using this document it is important to carry out a risk assessment of the machine in question to check that
the machine has the same hazards identified in Clause 5. For hazards not covered by this document the principles
contained in EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 shall be applied.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
5.1.1 Machines conforming to this document shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures set out
in this Clause together with those set out in Clause 7. Relevant hazards identified in the risk assessment carried
out by the manufacturer but not dealt with in this document shall be reduced by applying the principles of EN ISO
12100-2.
For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of a B document such as, e. g., EN 294, EN 418,
EN 563/A1/AC the risk assessment carried out by the manufacturer shall establish the requirements of the B
standard which are to be applied. This specific risk assessment shall be part of the general risk assessment of the
machine.
5.1.2 Where the means of reducing the risk is by the physical arrangement or positioning of the installed
machines, the manufacturer shall include in the Information for use a reference to the reduction means to be
provided, and to any limiting value of the requirement, and, if appropriate, to the means of verification.
5.1.3 Where the means of reducing the risk is by a safe system of working, the manufacturer shall include in the
Information for use details of the system and of the elements of information required by the operating personnel.
This shall include arrangements to run a machine for essential operating reasons or in special mode with safety
devices suspended or temporarily modified.
5.1.4 It is recognised that a general hazard exists of exposure to high temperature surfaces which may be
touched and which is not practicable to eliminate. The manufacturers information for use shall contain guidance to
the user on the preventative measures to be used in connection with contact to hot surfaces and the need to
provide the operator(s) with PPE as appropriate.
5.1.5 Access to a danger zone is required for any reason during normal operation, e. g., commissioning, setting
up, production, maintenance, decommissioning (see 5.2.3 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003). The safety related control
system of the machines and equipment shall be in accordance with the appropriate category given in EN 954-1, at
least category 3, except for hydraulic equipment which shall be at least category 1.
If access to machines and equipment specified in this document is required for repairs, the measures outlined in
5.5.4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003, shall apply, where all movements shall be made safe.
5.1.6 Required guards and enclosures shall be made in such a way that injuries caused by metal eruptions are
prevented.
5.1.7 Table 1 is a comprehensive presentation of significant hazards, the safety requirements to reduce risks,
and the means of verifying their presence:
 Column 1 identifies the significant hazards;
 Column 2 identifies the situations that give rise to the hazards;
 Column 3 identifies the risk reduction measures to be applied for the significant hazards and hazardous
situations. They shall be provided in a cumulative manner if not otherwise stated;
NOTE When implementing safety requirements and/or measures it has to be considered that different hazards may appear
at the same time.
 Column 4 identifies the method to be used to demonstrate conformity; the abbreviations V, F, M and D are
defined as follows:
V: Visual inspection verifies the required features of the components.
F: A functional check/test verifies that the features provided perform their function in such a
way that the requirement is met. If a functional check is necessary, the manufacturer shall
give details in the instruction handbook (see 7.3).
M: Measurement verifies that requirements are met, to the specified limits.
D: Drawings and/or calculations verify that the design characteristics of the components
provided meet the requirements.
Verification may involve more than one method.
Table 1 — Safety requirements and/or measures
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
5.2 Ladles
5.2.1  Discharge of molten metal or
Fire, burns slag due to unexpected tilting
in case of:
 manual tilting
 Locking device for ladles tilted by hand. D, F (see
Clause 6)
 A self-locking gear shall be installed by the
manufacturer which is fitted to the forces
under operation such that tilting movements
are under the control of the operator at all
operations. Tilting test shall be carried out
with inclined hanger (see 3.9).
 motorised tilting
 The tilting movement shall be activated only F
when energised through a hold-to-run
control device, placed where its operator
has a full and unrestricted view of the ladle
and the receiver vessel/container.
 centre of gravity above  The manufacturer shall ensure that the D
trunnion axis, e. g., by centre of gravity is always below the
modification of nominal trunnion axis at all operating conditions. He
capacity by the user (e. g., shall advise the user in the Information for
use of smaller linings) use that
 any modification shall maintain this
condition and
 the conditions due to gearing and
maximum operating load shall be
given.
 Loss of self-locking of gear in  Lubricants shall not prevent the self-locking
case of gear ladles that are of ladle gears.
tilted by hand.
 Information for use shall include advice that
the gear function shall be checked before
every shift (see 7.3.1).
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
 Insufficient connection
between
 trunnion and ladle  Ladle trunnions shall be inserted con- V, D
(centre band) centrically into the centre band and
positively fixed by welding (see Annex B,
Figure B.1).
 vessel and bottom
 Ladle bottoms shall be dished or V, D
strengthened with gusset plates (see
Annex B, figures B.3, B.4 and B.5).
 Using qualified welders and certificated V, D
procedures (see EN 287-1, EN 719,
EN 729-1).
 Worm wheel of the ladle gear  Safety device shall be fixed by mechanical V, D
without mechanical safety means, e. g., key and not rely on friction.
device.
 Breakage of gear parts.  Ladle gearing shall be designed to V, D
withstand the calculated and foreseen
dynamic loads during lifting and
transportation.
 Information for use shall include advice that V
impacts to the gear shall be prevented (see
7.3.1).
 Breakthrough of the ladle and  Information for use shall include advice that V
unexpected discharge of the ladle shall only be used after refractory
molten metal. material has been applied in accordance
with the refractory manufacturer’s instruc-
tions.
 Unexpected discharge from a  The stopper rod equipment (see Annex B, D, F (see
bottom pouring ladle caused Figure B.2) shall be designed to prevent Clause 6)
by unintended actuation of the unintended or accidental actuation, e. g., by
stopper rod equipment. a mechanical locking device.
 Information for use shall include advice V, D
about the need to inspect and renew the
stopper at necessary intervals.
5.2.2  Moisture existing in the lining  Vents shall be provided for certain types of V
Explosion, of the ladle. linings.
burns
 Information for use shall include a note that
the lining shall be heated and the moisture
shall be removed in accordance with the
refractory manufacturer's instructions
(see 7.3.1).
 Bottom pouring ladles  Information for use should advise the user
that pouring zones and ladle filling areas in
which bottom pouring ladles are used
should have provisions to accommodate
molten metal leakage (e. g., sand pits, pit
moulds).
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
5.2.3  Unexpected upset of hanger  Ladles shall be provided with devices to V, D
Impact, burns or ladle. prevent ladle turning during transport and
filling, e. g., by a locking pin or mechanical
latch.
NOTE Hazards due to ladles directly lifted
by cranes or casting machines are not covered
by this document.
 Hoisted ladle falling caused by  The manufacturer shall design the hoist- D
break, tear out and wear of ladle such that at a minimum there is no
parts of the ladle and hanger. permanent deformation with stress of
20,000 cycles at 2x the intended max.
operating load.
 If necessary protection of hanger against V, D
radiant heat shall be provided, e. g., by a
heat shield (see Annex B, Figure B.1).
 The manufacturer and welders shall be
certified for welding conditions on this
equipment (see EN 287-1, EN 719 and
EN 729-1).
 Welding that requires special treatment
shall be done prior to the final heat
treatment if appropriate.
 Information for use shall provide
instructions that
 before each use there shall be visual
inspections for apparent deficiencies
such as missing parts, corrosion,
deformation and points of visible
overheating of the material and in
particular the self-locking of the gear
and
 at regular intervals there shall be
inspections of all stressed components
of the assembly by qualified personnel
for
 cracks, wear, corrosion,
deformation, distortion,
 missing parts,
 points of visible overheating and
 loss of self-locking of the gear.
Stressed components are:
 hangers and hanger connections,
supporting arms of hanger, tilt
gear parts and supporting parts of
the ladle exposed to radiation or
direct heat;
 hanger connections and gear
fittings stressed by mechanical
vibrations during transport;
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
 strengthening bands of ladle
walls and bottom that may be
weakened by corrosion and
 trunnions.
 Detection for cracks shall be performed by M
a proven non-destructive test method, e. g.,
magnetic particle inspection process,
ultrasonic or equivalent methods. The
results of the tests shall be recorded.
5.2.4  Transport by industrial truck  If the ladle is intended to be transported by V, D
Burns, impact (not on public highway). industrial truck it shall be fitted with the
means for lifting by industrial truck and the
 Ladles slipping from the forks
manufacturer shall include information in
of an industrial truck.
the Information for use suitable industrial
truck facilities and methods of operation.
5.2.5  If liquid metal is treated with  The space for treatment ladles shall be V, D
Burns, fumes magnesium there is a risk of enclosed during treatment to prevent
spattering and/or delayed spattering of liquid metal.
reactions.
 Information for use shall include information
 to provide means to remove toxic or
reaction fumes and
 how to protect area open to personnel
against spattering of liquid metal, e. g.,
by shields and
 to provide PPE.
5.3 Pouring equipment
NOTE Hazards and safety requirements of plant and equipment for liquid phase treatment are given in
prEN 746-6:1994.
5.3.1  Unintended tilting during tilting  Provide by design:
Lack of stability or in a tilt stop position due to
 hold-to-run control device. The tilting
any cause.
movement shall be activated only
when energised through a hold-to-run
control device, placed where its
operator has a full and unrestricted
view of the ladle and the receiver
vessel/container and
 controlled non-return valves or direc- D
tional valves (directly attached at the
hydraulic cylinder) which turn off inde-
pendently in case of pressure drop or
 mechanically operated jacks (by hand, D
hydraulics, spring or gravity) and
 device for manual re-tilting and D
 control system to provide means due
to malfunction (see 5.3.12)
5.3.2  During tilting or movement of  Design safety distances, grids, guards, trip V, D
Crushing, equipment. devices
shearing
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
5.3.3  Metal eruptions caused by:
Burns
 excess pressure in the  Pressure limitation and display for minimum V, D
vessel or metal level heel level of the vessel (see Annex B,
below the minimum heel Figure B.6)
level required to maintain
 Fixed guards (see EN 953) V, D
the siphon effect or
 damaged siphon  Covers or lids on filling gate and pouring V, D
refractories losing the spout and
siphon effect or
 cracks in the refractories.
 Protective walls and roofing over operators V, D
desk.
 Information for use shall provide
 information about PPE, warning signs
(see EN 61310-1; -2) and fault alarms.
 instructions that equipment shall only
be used in accordance with the
refractory manufacturers' instructions
(see 7.3.2).
 cooling water coming into  Monitoring (preferably automatic) of D
contact with liquid metal; refractory lining in case of electric heated
pouring equipment;
 leakage of liquid metal
 Protection of cooling pipes and hoses and V, D
into moist furnace pit;
 use of equipment with  Where applicable, any furnace pit has to be V, D
refractory lining not fully
designed such that water can flow off freely
dried. in case of damaged pipes and hoses and
that no ground water can enter (see 7.3.2);
 Information for use shall include a note that
the lining shall be heated and the moisture
shall be removed in accordance with the
refractory manufacturer's instructions
(see 7.3.2).
 Information for use shall indicate the need
for PPE (see 7.3.2).
 Overfilling of the pouring  Provide means such as automatic pressure V, D
equipment causes flow out of relief if maximum permissible level in the
molten metal. pouring spout or pressure limit value inside
or the pouring equipment has been
exceeded.
 Design to include provisions to re-tilt the V, D
pouring equipment to the neutral position, if
necessary by manual means or auxiliary
means.
5.3.4  If burner flame extinguishes  See 5.2.6, 5.3.6 and 5.4.6 of
Fire or explo- the fuel may enter the vessel EN 746-2:1997.
sions or burns and suddenly ignite.
 Ejection of molten material  Design of equipment to prevent uncon- D
from the vessel. trolled release of treatment gases.
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
 Information for use shall contain
instructions on training of personnel
(see 7.3.2) and shall indicate the need for
personal protective clothing (see 7.3.1).
 When producing spheroidal  Guard close to the pipes and valves where V, D
graphite cast iron, magnesium flammable gases could escape from the
vapour ignites in air when it equipment.
discharges.
 Uncontrolled release and igni-  Pipework and hoses for hydraulic fluids V, D
tion of hydraulic fluids. shall be protected against mechanical and
thermal damage by the use of covers,
shielding etc. and fixing means such as
ducts and channels and
 Hydraulic equipment shall be suitable for
use with fire resistant hydraulic fluids (see
ISO 7745 and Annex A).
 Information for use shall include advice,
that hydraulic fluids which contain poly-
chlorinated bi phenyls (P.C.B.) and poly-
chlorinated tri phenyls (P.C.T.) shall not be
used (see 7.3.1).
5.3.5  When there is cooling water  Provide standby emergency cooling in case D
Burns and failure, formation of vapour in there is cooling water failure.
scalds cooling pipes and hoses can
NOTE This provision should be made by
cause explosion danger.
agreement between the manufacturer and the user.
5.3.6  When there is a generation of  Design of equipment to prevent these D
Explosions explosive dusts or gases in a generations.
confined space, heat caused
 Provide explosion reliefs where applicable. D
by, e. g., welding or hot gases
can create an explosion when
 Information for use shall indicate the need
escaping, or a furnace door is for a control procedure to prevent this
opened.
situation, e. g., work permits for danger
zones for preventative maintenance
(see 7.3.3) or repairs.
5.3.7  Burns by contact or close  Information for use shall indicate the need
Thermal proximity to hot parts during, for:
radiation e. g.,
 Protective screens;
 deslagging;
 Warning signs (see EN 60310-1; -2);
 changing the stopper
 Wearing personal protective clothing
rod, or metal level control
when potentially exposed and
electrode;
 Protection of operators work place, if
 pouring spout replace-
applicable.
ment;
 maintenance;
 opening the slag door;
 opening the cover;
 inductor replacement.
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
5.3.8  Glare causing:  Design of equipment to prevent this
V
Light radiation condition.
 disorientation;
 Information for use shall indicate the need
 defective vision.
for:
 Warning notices in danger zones (see
EN 60310-1; -2);
 Using antiglare glasses where appli-
cable (see 7.3.2).
5.3.9  Deliberate or accidental use of  Adequate exhaust ventilation shall be V, D
Inhalation, potentially harmful operational provided, or operating manual shall include
ingestion of process materials, e. g., the need for its provision and maintenance
harmful dusts chloride, fluoride, cadmium, (see 7.3.2, EN 626-1:1994 and EN 626-2).
and fumes lead, nickel.
5.3.10  Intended or unintended ac-  According to EN 1037 and EN 954-1 the D
Crushing, tuation of machine move- control system shall ensure that automatic
shearing, ments. restart is prevented and re-actuation of the
cutting or start control is always required to initiate
 Unexpected movements or
severing, en- powered movement following, e. g., any
failure of the normal retaining
tanglement, change of mode, selection of optional
or drive system whether
drawing, function, a system re-set, guard interlock
mechanical, electrical,
trapping, interruption, restoration of adequate
hydraulic or pneumatic.
impact, friction, pressure or voltage or correction of a
or burns  Cooling water failure system failing.
5.3.11  Direct contact or indirect con-  See 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 11 and 12 of D
Electrical shock tact with live parts. EN 60519-1:1993
 Heat radiation or excessive  See 13 of EN 60519-1:1993
temperature causes failure of
electric isolation.
 Inadequate connections and
conductors.
 Adjacent metallic parts under
the effect of induced currents
5.3.12  Impossibility of stopping the  Emergency stop device(s) in accordance
Malfunction tilting in the best possible with EN 418.
condition
 Stop category 1 (9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:1997)
shall be provided for the tilting movement of
a pouring vessel to prevent flow-out of
molten metal in tilting position.
 Emergency switching off device:
Push-button operated switches shall be
used (see 10.8.2 of EN 60204-1:1997).
5.3.13  Electrostatic discharge  6.2 and 7.2.6 of CENELEC R044-001,1999
Electrical
shock, fire
5.4 Centrifugal casting machines
5.4.1  Stripping/ejection of castings.  Design of the machine:
Crushing,
 Control panel shall be remote from danger D
impact
zone;
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
standards AND/OR specific measures cation
 Provision of interlocking guards with guard
V, D
locking conforming to EN 1088 (see
Annex B, Figure B.7).
 Disintegration of parts of the  Strength of the die and die-locking. D
die due to centrifugal force,
 Information for use shall provide
e. g., die-lockings.
instructions of intended use, e. g.,
 speed limits (rpm) corresponding to
the strength of the die and
 pressure limits.
 Uncontrolled over-speed of  Limiting of the speed (rpm) by proximity D
the drive (electronic switches.
controlled)
 Mechanical rail guided cross  Design equipment to prevent trapping of D
transport of castings. persons so that movements of the equip-
ment do not cause danger.
 Dies moving along pouring  Provide safety distances by location of V, D, M
spouts and approaching end parts, according EN 349.
stops.
 Ejection or falling of the die  Design to prevent ejection or falling of die
D
from the bearing rollers. (see Annex B, Figure B.8), e. g.
 fixed guides;
 restraining pieces.
5.4.2  Machine integrated controlled  The tilting movement shall be activated only D
Burns, impact, tilting of the ladle, manually when energised through a hold-to-run
crushing initiated. control device, placed where its operator
has a full and unrestricted view of the ladle
and the receiver vessel/container.
5.4.3  Discharge of molten metal  Centrifugally applied die-lockings shall be D
Burns due to designed to prevent them loosening during
casting operation. Die-lockings that are
 disintegration of parts
actuated pneumatically, hydraulically or
(see also 5.4.1);
electro-mechanically shall be designed in
such a way that unlocking cannot occur
 unintended loosening of
die-lockings during before the solidification of the liquid metal.
rotation of the die;
 The emergency stop device for the die D, F (see
 unintended machine stop rotation movement (see 5.4.9) shall Clause 6)
correspond to 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:1997,
category 1, and EN 418.
 Shifting of movable and slew-  It shall be possible to fix pouring spouts V, D, F
able pouring spouts. positively prior to start of casting operation, (see
e. g., by locking clamps. Clause 6)
 Ejecting metal during rotation  Coverings to protect against burns caused V, D
of the die. by ejection of molten metal shall be
included and conformed to fixed guard (see
5.3.2.1 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and
EN 953) with an inserted movable guard
(see 5.3.2.3 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003,
EN 953 and EN 1088).
Table 1 (continued)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned Verifi-
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