ASTM D7217-22

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7217 − 16 D7217 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Solid Bonded
Films Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of solid bonded films under high-frequency
linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
D2510 Test Method for Adhesion of Solid Film Lubricants
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-
Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation
(SRV) Test Machine
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 Other Standards:
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, Alloy Steels and Free-Cutting Steels—Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—Surface Texture: Profile Method; Surfaces Having
Stratified Functional Properties—Part 2: Height Characterization Using Linear Material Ratio Curve [Replacement of DIN
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2022. Published March 2017January 2023. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D7217 – 11.D7217 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7217-16.10.1520/D7217-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin, Germany.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7217 − 22
4776:1990: Measurement of Surface Roughness; Parameters R , R , R , M , M for the Description of the Material
K PK VK r1 r2
Portion]
SAE AS5272 Lubricant, Solid Film, Heat Cured, Corrosion Inhibiting Procurement Specification
AMS 2562B2526D Biaxial Wheel Fatigue Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompanied
by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological system’s long-term
behavior. G40
3.1.3 coeffıcient of friction, μ or ƒ, n—in tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F)(F ) between two bodies to the
f
normal force (N)(F ) pressing these bodies together. G40
n
3.1.4 Hertzian contact area, n—the apparent area of contact between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each other,
as calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation. G40
3.1.5 Hertzian contact pressure, n—magnitude of the pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as calculated
from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation. The Hertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reported as maximum value
P in the centre of the contact or as P as average over the total contact area. D7421
max average
3.1.6 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them. D4175
3.1.7 solid bonded film (sbf), n—consists of physically dried or chemically hardened (cured) bonded solid films as well as of
inorganic matrices containing embedded organic or inorganic, or both, solid lubricants with or without lattice layers or soft metals
or combinations of these. Synonyms—solid film lubricants (Test Method D2510), bonded solid film lubricant (SAE AS5272), and
thin lubricating filmfilm. (AMS 2562B).(Biaxial Wheel Fatigue Test AMS 2562D)
3.1.7.1 Discussion—
Dry solid film lubricants are dry coatings consisting of lubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or both surfaces to be
lubricated. D2510
3.1.8 Ra (C.L.A.), n—in measuring surface finish, the arithmetic average of the absolute distances of all profile points from the
mean line for a given distance.
3.1.9 Rz (DIN), n—in measuring surface finish, the average of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment length.
3.1.10 Rpk, n—reduced peak height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak sticking out
above the core profile section.
3.1.11 Rvk, n—reduced valley height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is the mean depth of the valley reaching into
the material below the core profile section.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extreme pressure, adj—in lubrication, characterized by metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing conditions.
3.2.2 seizure, n—localized fusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces of the test pieces. D5706
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Seizure is indicated by a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction, over steady state, of greater than 0.2 for over 20 s. state. In severe
cases, a stoppage in the motor will occur.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.
Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.
D7217 − 22
FIG. 1 SRV Test Machine (Model III)
3.3 Abbreviations:
3.3.1 SRV, n—Schwingung, Reibung, VerschleissVerschleiß (German); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machine using a steel test ball oscillating against a steel test disk with lubricant
between them. Test load is increased in 100 N10 N increments until seizure occurs. The load, immediately prior to the load at
which seizure occurs, is measured and reported.
NOTE 1—Test frequency, stroke length, temperature, and ball and disk material can be varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yields point-contact
geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differing configurations can be substituted for the test balls.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of parts coated with solid bonded
films at selected temperatures specified for use in unlubricated applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are
present with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying solid bonded films used in
automotive door lock mechanisms, hinge joints, bolts, and in aerospace. This test method is a material and application oriented
approach for characterizing the tribological behaviour using random, discrete and constant parameter combinations. Users of this
test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
6. Apparatus
6.1 SRV Test Machine, illustrated in Figs. 1-4.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Test Balls, 52100 steel, 60 HRC 6 2 HRC, 660-730 HV0.2 (60 HRC 6 1 HRC), 0.025 μm 6 0.005 μm Ra surface finish, Ø
= 10 mm diameter.
NOTE 2—The test can also be performed using rollers of antifriction bearings (Ø = 15 mm; length = 22 mm, parabolic border regions on each side of
3.5 mm). Using 2000 N as normal force possible in SRV III to SRV V models conducts only to a maximum initial Hertzian contact pressure of P
0max
= 808 MPa, which is far away from the capability of most SBFs. Alternatively, a smaller roller in Ø = 6 mm with length = 8 mm and 2 mm parabolic
border regions on each side generates P = 2474 MPa.
0max
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Optimol Instruments GmbH, Westendstr. 125, D-80339Flößergasse 3, D-81369 Munich,
Germany. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information with round robin data to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D7217 − 22
1. Oscillation Drive Rod 6. Electrical Resistance Heater
2. Test Ball Holder 7. Resistance Thermometer
3. Load Rod 8. Test Disk Holder
4. Test Ball 9. Piezoelectric Measuring Device
5. Test Disk 10. Receiving Block
FIG. 2 Test Chamber Elements
FIG. 3 SRV Test Machine (Model IV)
7.2 Lower Test Disk, vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI 52100 steel with a inclusion rating using method D, Type A, as severity
level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45, Specification A295/A295M, or a inclusion sum value K1 ≤ 10 according to
DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed to obtain globular carbide, Rockwell hardness number of 60 HRC 6 2 HRC,
720-775 HV0.2 (62 HRC 6 1 HRC), the surfaces of the disk being lapped and free of lapping raw materials. The topography of
the disk will be determined by four values, 24 mm values: 0.500 μm < Rz (DIN) < 0.650 μm; 0.035 μm < Ra (C.L.A.) < 0.050 μm,
0.020 μm < Rpk < 0.035 μm and 0.050 μm < Rvk < 0.075 μm, Ø = 24 mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick:
D7217 − 22
FIG. 4 Test Chamber Elements of SRV Models IV and V
0.5 μm < Rz (DIN) < 0.650 μm
0.035 μm < Ra (C.L.A.) < 0.050 μm
0.020 μm < Rpk < 0.035 μm
0.050 μm < Rvk < 0.075 μm
NOTE 3—The DIN 17230-1980 was replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-17.
7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.6 Cleaning Solvent, a mixture of equal volumes of n-heptane, ispropanol, and toluene. (Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
8. Preparation of Apparatus
Preparation of SRV I and II Models
8.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder or the PC and allow to warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.Preparation of
SRV I and II Models:
8.1.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder or the PC and allow to warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.
8.1.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peak value position in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions.
NOTE 4—In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the sliding switch on electronic card NO. 291.35.20E (front side of electronics behind the
front panel) and the sliding switch located back on the panel of the control unit.
8.1.3 Turn the stroke knob to ZERO.
D7217 − 22
8.1.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.
8.1.5 Set the frequency to 20 Hz.
8.1.6 Set the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Select the desired
chart speed.
8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peak value position in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions.
NOTE 4—In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the sliding switch on electronic card NO. 291.35.20E (front side of electronics behind the
front panel) and the sliding switch located back on the panel of the control unit.
8.3 Turn the stroke knob to ZERO.
8.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.
8.5 Set the frequency to 20 Hz.
8.6 Set the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Select the desired chart
speed.
Preparation of SRV III, IV, and V Models
8.7 When using SRV III, SRV IV, and SRV V models, clean and install the specimens as specified under 9.1.1 – 9.1.3. Turn on
the test machine and the PC and allow to warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.
8.2 Create a set point profile in the SRV control software with the following parameters:Preparation of SRV III, IV, and V Models:
NOTE 5—Depending on the software version, names and availability of the parameters can vary.
8.2.1 Start conditions (thermostatic stabilization):When using SRV III,
Temperature: for example, 50 °C ± 1 K or 80 °C ± 1 K
Test load: 20 N ± 1 N
Start delay: 300 s (is displayed by all versions of the SRV software).
SRV IV, and SRV V models, clean and install the specimens as specified under 9.1.1 – 9.1.3. Turn on the test machine and the
PC and allow to warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.
8.8.2 Cut-off criteria for friction, if occurs:
Coefficient of friction, f (cut-off value for permanent increase of level):
0.5 during t > 20 s
Coefficient of friction, f (cut-off value for one-off increase of level): 0.55
8.2.2 Test Create a set point profile in the SRV control software with the following parameters:
Frequency: 20 Hz
Stroke: 2.00 mm
Pre-load: 20 N for 30 s
Test load: running-in under 20 N for 2 min, then steps of 10 N with a
duration of 1 min, 3 min, or 6 min until the maximum test load
(usually 2000 N) has been reached.
Total test duration:
With 1 min step duration up to 172.5 min;
With 3 min step duration up to 512.5 min;
With 6 min step duration up to 1022.5 min
D7217 − 22
NOTE 5—Because a 30 s break-in at 50 N is used, the load increase times will occur on the half minute of even minutes.Depending on the software version,
names and availability of the parameters can vary.
8.2.2.1 Start conditions (thermostatic stabilization):
Temperature: for example, 50 °C ± 1 °C or 80 °C ± 1 °C
Test load: 20 N ± 1 N
Start delay: 300 s (is displayed by all versions of the SRV software).
8.2.2.2 Cut-off criteria for friction, if occurs:
Coefficient of friction, f (cut-off value for permanent increase of level):
0.5 during t > 20 s
Coefficient of friction, f (cut-off value for one-off increase of level): 0.55
8.2.2.3 Test parameters:
Frequency: 20 Hz
Stroke: 2.00 mm
Pre-load: 20 N for 30 s
Test load: runnin
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