ASTM F3144-15(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3144 − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Trailing Search Dog Crews or Teams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
required for a dog crew or team to perform a trailing search.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 Trailing search dog crews or teams perform searches on
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2.1 Additionaltrainingshallberequiredfortrailingsearch
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
environments, and in caves, mines, and tunnels.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed
2. Referenced Documents
structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or
oceanic.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search (Withdrawn
1.4 Trailing search dog crews or teams trained to meet the
2017)
requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.
Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
1.5 Trailing search dog crews or teams must work under
F1847 GuideforMinimumTrainingofSearchDogCrewsor
qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.
Teams
1.6 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of
F1848 Classification System for Canine Search Resources
Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as
F1879 Guide for Demonstrating Obedience and Agility in
defined in Classification F1993:
Search and Rescue Dogs
1.6.1 Kind A (Wilderness);
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and
1.6.2 Kind B (Urban);
Rescue Resources
1.6.3 Kind C (Mountainous);
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
1.6.4 Kind G (Cave);
F2685 Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader
1.6.5 Kind H (Mine);
(STL)
1.6.6 Kind I (Avalanche);
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
1.6.7 Kind K (Aircraft); and
(PTB)
1.6.8 Kind L (Unclassified).
F3072 Guide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use
(GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement
1.7 Further training may be required before a trailing search
dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and
2.2 Other References:
Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, SWGDOG SC1 Terminology
regulations, or policies.
United States Department of Agriculture Work Capacity
Testing for Wildland Firefighters (March 2002)
1.8 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how
National Search and Rescue Council Land Search and Res-
a trailing search dog crew or team functions.
cueAddendum to the National Search and Rescue Supple-
ment to the International Aeronautical and Maritime
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
Search and Rescue Manual, version 1.0 (November 2011)
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management and
Operations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3144 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
F3144-15R22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3144 − 15 (2022)
3. Terminology shall take into consideration a minimum age, which should
approximate the average response time for search dog crews.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 age, n—in reference to a trail, the time between when 4.3 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge,
a trail is created by an individual and when a trailing dog skills, and abilities required for a trailing search dog crew or
attempts to follow the trail. team to perform trail searches. No other skills are included or
implied.
3.1.2 decoy, n—a person in the search area who does not
match the target odor.
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for
training or evaluating a trailing search dog team or crew, and
3.1.3 ground scent, n—residual scent remaining after a
may be used to assist in the development of a training
person has passed. This may be human odor on the ground,
document or program.
vegetation, or other nearby surfaces, as well as that produced
by disturbance of the environment (crushed vegetation, ex-
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to
posed soil, etc.).
determine if its content includes the topics necessary for
training trailing search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this
3.1.4 scent, n—the act of presenting a target odor sample to
guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to
a scent-discriminating search dog.
see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
3.1.5 scent discriminating, v—an ability whereby a search
dogcanlocateandfollowthescentofaspecificperson(target). 4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this
guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a
3.1.6 search dog team or search dog crew, n—a single dog
training sequence.
andhandler(andsupportperson(s)ifused)thataredeployedas
a single resource.
4.7 Though this guide establishes minimum training
requirements, it does not imply that a trailing search dog team
3.1.7 track, n—ground scent in the immediate vicinity of an
orcrewisa“trainee,”“probationary,”orothersimilarlytermed
individual’s footsteps.
part of an organization.
3.1.8 tracking, v—a search dog action wherein it follows a
4.7.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the require-
track.
ments and qualifications for its member ratings.
3.1.9 tracking dog, n—a dog that has demonstrated the
4.8 A trailing search dog crew or team shall document
ability to locate and follow a track.
training by completion of a position task book, compliant with
3.1.10 trail, n—ground scent deposited by an individual as a
Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified super-
track or in nearby plumes.
vision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be
demonstrated, unless otherwise stated, it shall be demonstrated
3.1.10.1 Discussion—Ground scent can be deposited on
for initial qualification, and then as often as required by the
horizontal,sloped,andverticalsurfacessuchaswalls,rocks,or
AHJ.
trees and may also be airborne. In addition, scent plumes from
anindividualcanexistagooddistancefromtheperson’sactual
4.9 Atrailing search dog crew or team shall demonstrate its
footsteps due to factors such as terrain, weather, vegetation,
competency at a frequency set by the AHJ.
substrate, and vehicular traffic.
5. General Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
3.1.11 trailing, v—a search dog action wherein it follows a
specific person’s trail.
5.1 The trailing search dog crew or team shall meet the
3.1.12 trailing dog, n—a dog that has demonstrated the requirements of Guide A4.
ability to locate and follow a target individual’s trail.
5.2 The canine member of a search dog crew or team that
3.1.13 training log, n—a search dog handler’s written re-
works off lead shall meet the requirements of Guide F1879.
cord that documents all personal and canine training, including
5.3 The canine handler shall be endorsed for intermediate
exercises and missions.
wilderness GPS/GNSS use as defined in Guide F3072.
3.2 Terminology not defined in this classification, but in-
5.4 The trailing dog team’s or crew’s handler shall meet
cluded in this guide, may be found in Terminology F1773,
physical performance requirements determined by the AHJ.
Guide F1847, and Reference SWGDOG SC1.
5.5 The recommended minimum physical performance re-
quirement for a trailing search dog crew’s or team’s handler is
4. Significance and Use
the “Moderate” level defined in “Work Capacity Testing for
4.1 A trailing search dog crew or team is required to have,
Wildland Firefighters” (Appendix X2).
at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined
within this guide. 6. Specific Skills and Abilities for Trailing Search Dog
4.1.1 A trailing search dog crew or team that meets the Crews or Team
requirements of this guide is a Trailing Canine Search
6.1 The handler shall demonstrate an understanding of how
Resource, as defined in Classification F1848.
common factors affect the deposition and location of ground
4.2 Trailing search dogs that meet the requirements of this scent including, but not limited to, the following:
guide shall be tested by the AHJ using an aged trail of 6 to 12 6.1.1 Weather;
h or as determined by the AHJ. Ages for competency trails 6.1.2 Topography;
F3144 − 15 (2022)
6.1.3 Time of day; 6.4.6 The ability to operate at night.
6.1.4 Season; and 6.4.7 The ability of the handler and canine to operate as a
team.
6.1.5 Scent source duration (that is, the amount of time the
subjec
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