ASTM D4977/D4977M-20

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Designation: D4977/D4977M − 03 (Reapproved 2019) D4977/D4977M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Mineral-Surfaced
Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977/D4977M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced mineral-surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced mineral-surfaced roofing.
The adhesion is assessed by weighing the amount of granules that are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample
of mineral surfaced mineral-surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or
for comparative analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has
had weathering exposure.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus —A machine designed to cycle a test brush back and forth horizontally across a specimen
at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush assembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 2268 6 7 g [5 lb 6 ⁄4
oz]; the stroke length is 152 6 6 mm [6 6 ⁄4 in.]. A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
4.2 Abrasion Test Brush —A brush with 22 holes containing bristles made of 0.305-mm [0.012-in.] diameter tempered steel
wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy. The design of the brush is shown in Fig. 2.
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensitivity.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm [2 by 9-in.] specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction. For
shingles whose geometry does not allow a continuous 50.8 by 229-mm [2 by 9-in.] specimen, two-piece specimens are permitted.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019May 1, 2020. Published June 2019June 2020. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20132019 as
ɛ1
D4977/D4977M – 03 (2013)(2019). . DOI: 10.1520/D4977_D4977M-03R19.10.1520/D4977_D4977M-20.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes) known to the committee at this time is 3M, 3M Center,
St. Paul, MN 55144. C. G. Hill & Sons, 5150 Quincy Street, Mounds View, MN 55112; phone: 763-783-9055; www.cghill.com. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
which you may attend.
Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.
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