ASTM D4029/D4029M-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4029/D4029M − 23
Standard Specification for
Finished Woven Glass Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4029/D4029M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This specification covers finished fabrics woven from
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
“E” electrical glass fiber yarns that are intended as a reinforc-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
ing material in laminated plastics for structural use. This
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specification can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
general requirements, and physical requirements for finished
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
woven glass fabrics This specification permits the application
of sizing materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture 2. Referenced Documents
that helps facilitate weaving. These organic materials are 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
typically removed from the greige fabric and replaced with a
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
finish that is compatible with the resin matrix specified in the
D578/D578M Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
contracting document.
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
Length Specimens
NOTE 1—Sizing materials on glass fiber yarns, in most cases, are
removed by various cleaning procedures as a first stage in preparing a
D1423/D1423M Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-
finished fabric. When these yarn sizing materials are removed during a
Counting
cleaning procedure they need not be compatible with the subsequent resin
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
matrix.
tiles
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D2408 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished With Amino-Silane-
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values 3
Type Finishes, for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
from the two systems will result in non-conformance with the
D2409 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass
standard.
Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished With Vinyl-Silane
1.4 This specification is one of a series to provide a Type Finishes, for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, D2410 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass
Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass; and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished With Chrome
Glass Finished for Resin Laminates. Complexes, for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
D2660 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass
1.5 Additional ASTM specifications in this series have been
Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished with Acrylic-Silane-
drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of
Type Finishes, for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
ASTM Standards. These include greige glass fabrics, glass
D3098 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass
tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing threads, and
Fabrics, Cleaned and After-Finished with Epoxy-
finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.
Functions Silane Type Finishes for Plastic Laminates
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3
(Withdrawn 1988)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D3773/D3773M Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
its Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4029 – 16. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4029-23. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4029/D4029M − 23
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric warp ends shall be within two ends of the nominal count and
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count the average count of the filling picks shall be within two picks
of Woven Fabrics of the nominal count.
D3776/D3776M Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area
(Weight) of Fabric
7. Yarn Designations
D4963/D4963M Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass
7.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the yarn designations shall
Fiber Strands and Fabrics
conform to the requirements of Table 1. For fabrics not listed
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
in Table 1, the yarn designations may be agreed upon between
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
the purchaser and the supplier. The requirements of the
D7018/D7018M Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and
individual elements of the designation are specified in Sections
Its Products (Withdrawn 2021)
8 – 12.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
7.1.1 In some cases ECE 225 yarn is specified in Table 1.
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by
ECD 225 may be substituted with no significant decrease in
Attributes
property performance.
2.3 Military Standard and Specifications:
8. Yarn Number
MIL-Y-1140H Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth and Tape-Glass
MIL-C-9084C Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates
8.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the nominal size-free yarn
2.4 Textile Institute Documents: numbers of the yarns designated shall conform to Specification
Textile Terms and Definitions D578/D578M. For fabrics not listed in Table 1, the nominal
Woven Cloth Construction
size-free yarn number may be agreed upon between the
purchaser and the supplier.
3. Terminology
9. Filament Diameter
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.18, Glass Fibers and
Its Products, refer to Terminology D7018/D7018M.
9.1 The nominal filament diameter for the yarns in the fabric
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this specification:
shall conform to the nominal range for filament diameter
atmosphere for testing textiles, continuous filament, crowfoot
average values specified in Table 1 of Specification D578/
weave, eight-harness satin, finished, leno weave, mock leno
D578M.
weave, twelve-harness satin.
10. Strand Construction
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, see Terminology
D123.
10.1 The basis for specifying strand construction is given in
Specification D578/D578M. For fabrics listed in Table 1 of this
CLASSIFICATION
specification, the construction of the component strands shall
conform to the requirements of Table1 in Specification D578/
4. Classification
D578M. For fabrics not listed in Table 1, the construction of
4.1 The designation of a fabric shall be by style numbers
the component strands may be agreed upon between the
that are standard throughout the industry. Generally used style
purchaser and the supplier.
numbers are listed in numerical order in Table 1.
11. Direction of Twist
REQUIREMENTS
11.1 The primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z”
twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist
5. Material
unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the
5.1 The yarn shall be continuous filament, unless otherwise
supplier.
specified, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or
potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities.
12. Twist Level
6. Fabric Count 12.1 The nominal twist in the component strands and the
finished yarns shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 in
6.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the nominal fabric count
Specification D578/D578M unless otherwise agreed upon
shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. For fabrics not
between the purchaser and the supplier. The tolerances for the
listed in Table 1, the nominal fabric count shall be agreed upon
primary twist and the final twist shall conform to Table 2 of this
between the purchaser and the supplier. The average count of
specification.
13. Fabric Weave Type
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
13.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the fabric weave type shall
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
conform to the requirements of Table 1. For fabrics not listed
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
in Table 1, the fabric weave type shall be agreed upon between
Available from the Textile Institute, 10 Blackfriars St., Manchester, M3 5DR
England. the purchaser and the supplier.
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Typical “E” Glass Finished Woven Glass Fabrics
Fabric
A
Breaking
Yarn Designation tex inch-pound units
Count, Mass per
C C
Commercial Fabric
Nominal Thickness,
Force, min,
Warp × Fill Unit Area,
Style Desig- Weave mm
Warp × Fill
Yarns g/m
B
[in.]
N/5 cm
nation Type
25 mm [oz/yd. ]
Warp Filling
[lbf/in.]
yarns/in.
101 74 × 74 EC5 2.75 1 × 0 EC5 2.75 1 × 0 plain 16.9 0.020 162 × 162
75 × 75 ECD 1800 1/0 ECD 1800 1/0 0.50 0.0008 19 × 19
104 59 × 51 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 EC5 2.75 1 × 0 plain 19 0.028 131 × 26
60 × 52 ECD 900 1/0 ECD 1800 1/0 0.56 0.0011 15 × 3
105 59 × 51 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 plain 24.4 0.0330 114 × 96
60 × 52 ECD 900 1/0 ECD 900 1/0 0.72 0.0013 13 × 11
106 55 × 55 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 plain 25 0.036 105 × 105
56 × 56 ECD 900 1/0 ECD 900 1/0 0.73 0.0014 12 × 12
107 59 × 34 EC5 5.5 1 × 2 EC5 5.5 1 × 00 plain 34 0.046 210 × 44
60 × 35 ECD 900 1/2 ECD 900 1/ 1.01 0.0018 24 × 5
108 59 × 46 EC5 5.5 1 × 2 EC5 5.5 1 × 2 plain 47.5 0.061 578 × 456
60 × 47 D900 1/2 D900 1/2 1.40 0.0024 66 × 52
112 39 × 38 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 11 1 × 2 plain 71 0.089 350 × 306
40 × 39 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 450 1/2 2.10 0.0035 40 × 35
113 59 × 63 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 5.5 1 × 2 plain 83 0.086 438 × 219
60 × 64 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 900 1/2 2.45 0.0034 50 × 25
116 59 × 57 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 11 1 × 2 plain 105 0.102 525 × 486
60 × 58 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 450 1/2 3.10 0.0040 60 × 55
118 89 × 59 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 11 1 × 2 crowfoot 132 0.132 657 × 525
90 × 60 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 450 1/2 3.90 0.0052 75 × 60
119 53 × 49 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 11 1 × 2 plain 92 0.099 525 × 438
54 × 50 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 450 1/2 2.71 0.0039 60 × 50
120 59 × 57 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 11 1 × 2 crowfoot 106 0.107 525 × 482
60 × 58 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 450 1/2 3.14 0.0042 60 × 55
125 35 × 33 EC5 11 2 × 2 EC5 11 2 × 2 plain 125 0.145 525 × 482
36 × 34 ECD 450 2/2 ECD 450 2/2 3.70 0.0057 60 × 55
126 33 × 31 EC5 11 3 × 2 EC5 11 3 × 2 plain 180 0.193 701 × 482
34 × 32 ECD 450 3/2 ECD 450 3/2 5.30 0.0076 80 × 55
127 41 × 31 EC5 11 3 × 2 EC5 11 3 × 2 plain 197 0.198 701 × 482
42 × 32 ECD 450 3/2 ECD 450 3/2 5.80 0.0078 80 × 55
128 41 × 31 EC7 22 1 × 3 EC7 22 1 × 3 plain 197 0.183 701 × 482
42 × 32 ECE 225 1/3 ECE 225 1/3 5.80 0.0072 80 × 55
141 31 × 21 EC7 22 3 × 2 EC7 22 3 × 2 plain 288 0.292 1095 × 788
32 × 21 ECE 225 3/2 ECE 225 3/2 8.50 0.0115 125 × 90
143 48 × 30 EC7 22 3 × 2 EC5 11 1 × 2 crowfoot 281 0.241 2189 × 175
49 × 30 ECE 225 3/2 ECD 450 1/2 8.30 0.0095 250 × 20
162 28 × 16 EC7 22 2 × 5 EC7 22 2 × 5 plain 397 0.419 1664 × 1995
28 × 16 ECE 225 2/5 ECE 225 2/5 11.7 0.0165 190 × 125
164 20 × 18 EC7 22 4 × 3 EC7 22 4 × 3 plain 420 0.406 1664 × 1401
20 × 18 ECE 225 4/3 ECE 225 4/3 12.4 0.016 190 × 160
166 59 × 57 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC5 22 1 × 0 plain 105 0.102 420 × 488
60 × 58 ECD 450 1/2 ECD 225 1/0 3.10 0.0040 48 × 57
182 59 × 55 EC7 22 2 × 2 EC7 22 2 × 2 8-H satin 414 0.343 1576 × 1401
60 × 56 ECE 225 2/2 ECE 225 2/2 12.2 0.0135 180 × 160
183 53 × 47 EC7 22 3 × 2 EC7 22 3 × 2 8-H satin 542 0.470 2189 × 1970
54 × 48 ECE 225 3/2 ECE 225 3/2 16.0 0.0185 250 × 225
184 41 × 35 EC7 22 4 × 3 EC7 22 4 × 3 8-H satin 848 0.762 2627 × 2189
42 × 36 ECE 225 4/3 ECE 225 4/3 25.0 0.0300 300 × 250
325 89 × 43 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 EC5 2.75 1 × 0 plain 24 0.033 149 × 44
90 × 44 ECD 900 1/0 ECD 1800 1/0 0.70 0.0013 17 × 5
341 30 × 48 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC7 22 3 × 2 crowfoot 294 0.241 263 × 2189
30 × 49 ECD 450 1/2 ECE 225 3/2 8.68 0.0095 30 × 250
1000 84 × 84 BC 4 1.65 1 × 0 BC 4 1.65 1 × O plain 11.1 0.012
85 × 85 BC 3000 1/0 BC 3000 1/0 0.33 0.00047
1012 69 × 69 BC4 2.2 1 × 0 BC4 2.2 1 × 0 plain 12.3 0.018
70 × 70 BC 2250 1/0 BC 2250 1/0 0.36 0.00071
1015 94 × 94 BC4 2.20 1 × 0 BC4 2.20 1 × 0 plain 16.9 0.015
96 × 96 BC 2259 1/0 BC 2259 1/0 0.50 0.00059
1017 94 × 94 BC 4 1.65 1 × 0 BC 4 1.65 1 × 0 plain 12.3 0.013
95 × 95 BC 3000 1/0 BC 3000 1/0 0.36 0.00053
1020 54 × 54 EC4.5 2.76 1 × 0 EC4.5 2.76 1 × 0 plain 12.2 0.025
55 × 55 ECC 1800 1/0 ECC 1800 1/0 0.36 0.00098
1024 90 × 90 BC4 3.31 1 × 0 BC4 3.31 1 × 0 plain 23.8 0.020
91 × 91 BC 1500 1/0 BC 1500 1/0 0.70 0.00079
1027 74 × 74 BC4 3.31 1 × 0 BC4 3.31 1 × 0 plain 19.9 0.019
75 × 75 BC 1500 1/0 BC 1500 1/0 0.59 0.00075
1030 90 × 90 EC4.5 4.1 1 × 0 EC4.5 4.1 1 × 0 plain 29.7 0.026
91 × 91 EC 1200 1/0 EC 1200 1/0 0.88 0.00102
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
Fabric
A
Breaking
Count, Yarn Designation tex inch-pound units Mass per
C
C
Commercial Fabric
Nominal Thickness,
Force, min,
Warp × Fill Unit Area,
Style Desig- Weave mm
Warp × Fill
Yarns g/m
B
[in.]
N/5 cm
nation Type
25 mm [oz/yd. ]
Warp Filling
[lbf/in.]
yarns/in.
1035 65 × 67 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 plain 30 0.028
66 × 68 ECD 900 1/0 ECD 900 1/0 0.88 0.0011
1037 69 × 72 EC4.5 4.1 1 × 0 EC4.5 4.1 1 × 0 23 0.028
70 × 73 EC 1200 1/0 EC 1200 1/0 0.68 0.0011
1044 43 × 43 EC6 51 1 × 0 EC6 51 1 × 0 plain 171 0.142
44 × 44 ECDE 100 1/0 ECDE 100 1/0 5.05 0.0056
1047 92 × 92 EC6 51 1 × 0 EC6 51 1 × 0 plain 184 4 0.147 1638 × 1638
47 × 47 ECDE100 1/0 ECDE100 1/0 5.44 0.0058 188 × 188
1065 55 × 55 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 plain 37.3 0.053
56 × 56 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 900 1/0 1.08 0.0021
1067 69 × 69 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 plain 30.7 0.036
70 × 70 ECD 900 1/0 ECD 900 1/0 0.91 0.0014
1070 59 × 34 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 5.5 1 × 0 plain 35 0.043 210 × 44
60 × 35 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 900 1/0 1.03 0.0017 24 × 5
1078 53 × 53 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 47.8 0.043
54 × 54 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 1.14 0.0017
1080 59 × 46 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 47 0.058 210 × 15
60 × 47 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 1.40 0.023 24 × 18
1081 69 × 69 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 58.3 0.061
70 × 70 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 1.72 0.0024
1087 68 × 67 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 62 0.056
69.5 × 68 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 1.83 0.0022
1116 59 × 57 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 22 1 × 0 plain 105 0.0864 394 × 280
60 × 58 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 225 1/0 3.10 0.0034 45 × 32
1125 39 × 38 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 88 0.104 350 × 394
40 × 39 ECD 450 1/2 ECG 150 1/0 2.60 0.0041 40 × 45
1165 59 × 51 EC5 11 1 × 2 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 122 0.112 482 × 525
60 × 52 ECD 450 1/2 ECG 150 1/0 3.60 0.0044 55 × 60
1180 59 × 49 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 49 0.058
60 × 50 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 1.44 0.0023
1280 59 × 59 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 52.6 0.0559 482 × 525
60 × 60 ECD 450 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 1.55 0.0022 210 × 210
1316 60 × 60 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 22 1 × 0 plain 108 0.102
61 × 61 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 225 1/0 3.18 0.004
1500 48 × 41 EC7 45 1 × 0 EC7 45 1 × 0 plain 164.1 0.1499 700 × 700
49 × 42 ECE 110 × 1 ⁄0 ECE 110 × 1 ⁄0 4.84 0.0059 80 × 80
1501 45 × 45 EC7 44 1 × 0 EC7 44 1 × 0 plain 165 0.14
46 × 46 ECE 110 1/0 ECE 110 1/0 4.86 0.0055
1502 51 × 49 EC7 42 1 × 0 EC7 42 1 × 0 plain 162 0.150
52 × 50 ECE 125 1/0 ECE 125 1/0 4.76 0.0059
1503 63 × 45 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 148 0.135
64 × 46 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 4.36 0.0053
1504 59 × 59 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 148 0.124
60 × 60 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 4.36 0.0049
1510 31 × 29 EC9 33 1 × 2 EC9 33 1 × 2 plain 162 0.127 482 × 394
32 × 29 ECG 150 1/2 ECG 150 1/2 4.78 0.0050 55 × 45
1523 28 × 20 EC9 33 3 × 2 EC9 33 3 × 2 plain 390 0.356 1401 × 1226
28 × 20 ECG 150 3/2 ECG 150 3/2 11.5 0.0140 160 × 140
1526 33 × 31 EC9 33 1 × 2 EC9 33 1 × 2 plain 179 0.180 701 × 482
34 × 32 ECG 150 1/2 ECG 150 1/2 5.27 0.0071 80 × 55
1527 17 × 17 EC9 33 3 × 3 EC9 33 3 × 3 plain 431 0.406 1576 × 1489
17 × 17 ECG 150 3/3 ECG 150 3/3 12.7 0.0160 180 × 170
1528 43 × 31 EC9 33 1 × 2 EC9 33 1 × 2 plain 202 0.185 701 × 482
44 × 32 ECG 150 1/2 ECG 150 1/2 5.95 0.0073 80 × 55
1543 48 × 30 EC9 33 2 × 2 EC7 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 281 0.229 2189 × 175
49 × 30 ECG 150 2/2 ECE 225 1/0 8.30 0.0090 250 × 20
1557 56 × 30 EC9 33 1 × 2 EC7 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 179 0.147 1095 × 219
57 × 30 ECG 150 1/2 ECE 225 1/0 5.27 0.0058 125 × 25
1564 20 × 18 EC9 33 4 × 2 EC9 33 4 × 2 plain 414 0.381 1664 × 1401
20 × 18 ECG 150 4/2 ECG 150 4/2 12.2 0.0150 190 × 160
1581 56 × 53 EC9 33 1 × 2 EC9 33 1 × 2 8-H satin 290 0.254 1313 × 1138
57 × 54 ECG 150 1/2 ECG 150 1/2 8.55 0.010 150 × 130
1582 59 × 55 EC9 33 1 × 3 EC9 33 1 × 3 8-H satin 464 0.394 1401 × 1313
60 × 56 ECG 150 1/3 ECG 150 1/3 13.7 0.0155 160 × 150
1583 53 × 47 EC9 33 2 × 2 EC9 33 2 × 2 8-H satin 542 0.445 2189 × 1970
54 × 48 ECG 150 2/2 ECG 150 2/2 16.0 0.0175 250 × 225
1584 43 × 34 EC9 33 4 × 2 EC9 33 4 × 2 8-H satin 834 0.711 2627 × 2189
44 × 35 ECG 150 4/2 ECG 150 4/2 24.6 0.028 300 × 250
1610 31 × 28 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 80 0.0914 306 × 263
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
Fabric
A
Breaking
Count, Yarn Designation tex inch-pound units Mass per
C
C
Commercial Fabric
Nominal Thickness,
Force, min,
Warp × Fill Unit Area,
Style Desig- Weave mm
Warp × Fill
Yarns g/m
B
[in.]
N/5 cm
nation Type
25 mm [oz/yd. ]
Warp Filling
[lbf/in.]
yarns/in.
32 × 28 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 2.35 0.0036 35 × 30
1634 50 × 30 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 105.4 0.095
51 × 30 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 3.11 0.0037
1643 55 × 47 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 crowfoot 138 0.0127 613 × 482
56 × 48 ECDE 150 1 × 0 ECDE 150 1/0 4.06 0.0050 70 × 55
1647 50 × 30 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC7 44 1 × 0 plain 120.5 0.105
51 × 30 ECG 150 1/0 ECE 110 1/0 3.55 0.0041
1649 50 × 37 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC7 44 1 × 0 plain 135.9 0.119
51 × 38 ECG 150 1/0 ECE110 1/0 4.01 0.0047
1651 50 × 27 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 74 1 × 0 plain 146.2 0.135
51 × 27 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 67 1/0 4.31 0.0053
1652 51 × 51 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 136.9 0.114 1591 × 1591
52 × 52 ECDE150 1/0 ECDE150 1/0 4.04 0.0045 182 × 182
1657 50 × 29 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 74 1 × 0 plain 154.2 0.150
51 × 29 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 67 1/0 4.53 0.0059
1659 20 × 10 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 leno 54 0.0107 131 × 140
20 × 10 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 1.60 0.0042 15 × 16
1674 39 × 31 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 95 0.109 438 × 306
40 × 32 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 2.80 0.0043 50 × 35
1675 39 × 31 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 96 0.094 438 × 306
40 × 32 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 2.83 0.0037 50 × 35
1676 55 × 47 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 136 0.122 613 × 525
56 × 48 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 4.00 0.0048 70 × 60
1677 39 × 39 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 106 0.112 525 × 438
40 × 40 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 3.14 0.0044 60 × 50
1678 79 × 79 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 105.8 0.091 1051 × 1051
40 × 40 ECG150 1/0 G150 1/0 3.12 0.0036 120 × 120
1680 71 × 69 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 8-H satin 188 0.152 832 × 701
72 × 70 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 5.56 0.0060 95 × 80
1681 55 × 35 EC6 33 1 × 0 EC6 33 1 × 0 plain 122 0.0122 525 × 394
56 × 36 ECDE 150 1/0 ECDE 150 1/0 3.60 0.0048 60 × 45
1687 39 × 41 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 108.5 0.1140 578 × 525
40 × 42 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 3.20 0.0045 66 × 60
1697 43 × 37 EC9 33 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 111.2 0.094
44 × 38 ECG 150 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 3.15 0.0037
1800 16 × 14 EC13 275 1 × 0 EC13 275 1 × 0 plain 327 0.330 1313 × 1051
16 × 14 ECK 18 1/0 ECK 18 1/0 9.65 0.0130 150 × 120
1874 43 × 34 EC13 275 1 × 0 EC13 275 1 × 0 8-H satin 865 0.0681 3152 × 2758
44 × 35 ECK 18 1/0 ECG 37 1/2 26.08 0.0245 360 × 315
1884 43 × 34 EC13 275 1 × 0 EC13 275 1 × 0 8-H satin 847 0.7112 2627 × 2189
44 × 35 ECK 18 1/0 ECK 18 1/0 25.0 0.0280 300 × 250
1887 39 × 20 EC13 275 1 × 0 EC13 275 1 × 0 mock leno 715 0.584 311 × 163
40 × 21 ECK 18 1/0 ECK 18 1/0 21.10 0.0230 2723 × 1427
2013 46 × 44 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 81 0.070
47 × 45 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 2.39 0.00276
2112 39 × 38 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 22 1 × 0 plain 71 0.079 263 × 210
40 × 39 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 225 1/0 2.10 0.0031 30 × 24
2113 59 × 55 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 81 0.0076 420 × 210
60 × 56 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 2.38 0.0030 48 × 24
2114 55 × 47 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 90.9 0.084
56 × 48 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 2.69 0.0033
2116 59 × 57 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 22 1 × 0 plain 105 0.086 350 × 280
60 × 58 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 225 1/0 3.10 0.0034 40 × 32
2117 65 × 64 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 108 0.094
66 × 54 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 3.18 0.0037
2118 39 × 62 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 111.7 0.091
40 × 63 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 3.29 0.0036
2119 53 × 49 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 90.2 0.086 315 × 236
54 × 50 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 2.66 0.0034 36 × 27
2120 59 × 57 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 106 0.107 525 × 482
60 × 58 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 225 1/0 3.12 0.0042 60 × 55
2125 39 × 38 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 88 0.0965 263 × 394
40 × 39 ECD 225 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 2.60 0.0038 30 × 45
2150 65 × 47 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC5 22 1 × 0 plain 87 0.076
66 × 48 ECD 225 1/0 ECD 225 1/0 2.56 0.0030
2157 59 × 34 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 148 0.130
60 × 35 ECE 225 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 4.36 0.0051
2165 59 × 51 EC5 22 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 123 0.122 482 × 525
60 × 52 ECD 225 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 3.62 0.0048 55 × 60
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
Fabric
A
Breaking
Count, Yarn Designation tex inch-pound units Mass per
C
C
Commercial Fabric
Nominal Thickness,
Force, min,
Warp × Fill Unit Area,
Style Desig- Weave mm
Warp × Fill
Yarns g/m
B
[in.]
N/5 cm
nation Type
25 mm [oz/yd. ]
Warp Filling
[lbf/in.]
yarns/in.
2166 59 × 37 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 155 0.140
60 × 38 ECE 225 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 4.6 0.0055
2218 89 × 59 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 138 0.0127 534 × 394
90 × 60 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 4.06 0.0050 61 × 45
2225 35 × 33 EC7 22 1 × 2 EC7 22 1 × 2 plain 127 0.323 51 × 48
36 × 34 ECE 225 1/2 ECE 225 1/2 3.75 0.0127 447 × 420
2238 63 × 59 EC7 22 1 × 2 EC7 22 1 × 2 crowfoot 231 0.0452 102 × 90
64 × 60 ECE 225 1/2 ECE 225 1/2 6.80 0.0178 893 × 788
2313 59 × 63 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC5 11 1 × 0 plain 80.5 0.838 50 × 24
60 × 64 ECE 225 1/0 ECD 450 1/0 2.38 0.0033 438 × 210
2316 60 × 60 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 108 0.0889 359 × 298
61 × 61 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 3.18 0.0035 41 × 34
2319 48 × 48 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 92.2 0.086
48.5 × 49 ECE 225 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 2.72 0.0034
2500 16 × 16 EC10 190 1 × 0 EC10 190 1 × 0 leno 272 0.508 876 × 858
16 × 16 ECH 25 1/0 ECH 25 1/0 8.01 0.0200 100 × 98
2523 28 × 20 EC10 198 1 × 0 EC10 198 1 × 0 plain 390 0.328 1138 × 1138
28 × 20 ECH 25 1/0 ECH 25 1/0 11.5 0.0129 130 × 130
2532 16 × 14 EC10 198 1 × 0 EC10 198 1 × 0 plain 230 0.246 876 × 832
16 × 14 ECH 25 1/0 ECH 25 1/0 6.8 0.0097 100 × 95
3070 69 × 69 EC6 17.5 1 × 0 EC6 17.5 plain 93.6 0.078 1104 × 1104
70 × 70 ECDE300 1/0 ECDE300 1/0 2.76 0.0031 133 × 133
3080 50 × 30 EC6 16.5 1 × 0 EC6 16.5 1 × 0 plain 53.4 0.059
51 × 30 ECDE 300 1/0 ECDE 300 1/0 1.57 0.0023
3113 50 × 30 EC7 22 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 plain 84.8 0.081
51 × 30 ECE 225 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 2.50 0.0032
3132 59 × 59 EC5 11 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 79 0.071
60 × 60 ECD 450 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 2.32 0.0028
3313 59 × 61 EC6 17.5 1 × 0 EC6 17.5 plain 80.5 0.084 944 × 976
60 × 62 ECDE300 1/0 ECDE300 1/0 2.38 0.0033 114 × 118
3323 59 × 45 EC6 16.5 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 plain 81.3 0.086
60 × 46 ECDE 300 1/0 ECDE 300 1/0 2.4 0.0034
3700 15 × 14 EC9 134 1 × 2 EC9 134 1 × 2 plain 311 0.312 1033 × 928
15 × 14 ECG 37 1/2 ECG 37 1/2 9.18 0.0123 118 × 106
3701 12 × 6 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 0 leno 134.6 0.244 446 × 438
12 × 6 ECG 37 1/0 ECG 37 1/0 3.97 0.0096 51 × 50
3732 47 × 31 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 0 crowfoot 424 0.318 1532 × 1313
48 × 32 ECG 37 1/0 ECG 37 1/0 12.5 0.0125 175 × 150
3733 18 × 18 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 0 plain 190 0.198 788 × 744
18 × 18 ECG 37 1/0 ECG 37 1/0 5.60 0.0078 90 × 85
3734 47 × 31 ECG 134 1 × 0 ECG 134 1 × 0 crowfoot 432 0.366 1681 × 1147
48 × 32 ECDE 37 1/0 ECDE 37 1/0 12.74 0.0144 192 × 131
3743 48 × 30 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 281 0.208 2189 × 175
49 × 30 ECG 37 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 8.30 0.0082 250 × 20
3744 28 × 14 EC9 134 1 × 2 EC9 134 1 × 4 2 end plain 610 0.508 1926 × 1909
28 × 14 ECG 37 1/2 ECG 37 1/4 18.00 0.0200 220 × 218
3745 27 × 28 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 2 2 pk. plain 593 0.470 1751 × 1883
27 × 28 ECG 37 1/2 ECG 37 1/2 17.50 0.0185 200 × 215
3783 53 × 47 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 0 8-H satin 576 0.406 1751 × 1707
54 × 48 ECG 37 1/2 ECG 37 1/2 16.99 0.0160 200 × 195
3784 43 × 34 EC9 134 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 0 8-H satin 901 0.610 2522 × 2242
44 × 35 ECG 37 1/2 ECG 37 1/2 26.57 0.0240 288 × 256
3787 39 × 21 EC9 134 1 × 2 EC9 134 1 × 2 mock leno 695 0.762 2102 × 1261
40 × 21 ECG 37 1/2 ECG 37 1/2 20.50 0.0300 240 × 14
3788 41 × 35 EC9 134 1 × 4 EC9 134 1 × 4 12-H satin 1856 1.156 4282 × 3555
42 × 36 ECG 37 1/4 ECG 37 1/4 54.75 0.0455 489 × 406
5020 18 × 18 EC9 99 1 × 2 EC9 99 1 × 2 plain 294 0.305 928 × 876
18 × 18 ECG 50 1/2 ECG 50 1/2 8.68 0.0120 106 × 100
5023 48 × 30 EC9 99 1 × 2 EC9 99 1 × 2 crowfoot 288 0.330 1489 × 1226
49 × 30 ECG 50 1/2 ECG 50 1/2 8.50 0.0130 170 × 140
5027 17 × 17 EC9 99 1 × 3 EC9 99 1 × 3 plain 417 0.419 1489 × 1401
17 × 17 ECG 50 1/3 ECG 50 1/3 12.30 0.0165 170 × 160
5032 16 × 14 EC9 99 1 × 2 EC9 99 1 × 2 plain 245 0.254 893 × 753
16 × 14 ECG 50 1/2 ECG 50 1/2 7.23 0.0100 102 × 86
5082 59 × 55 EC9 99 1 × 0 EC9 99 1 × 0 8-H satin 471 0.330 1471 × 1401
60 × 56 ECG 50 1/0 ECG 50 1/0 13.90 0.0130 168 × 160
6060 59 × 59 EC6 8.75 1 × 0 EC6 8.75 1 × 0 plain 39.0 0.048 472 × 472
60 × 60 ECDE600 1/0 ECDE600 1/0 1.15 0.0019 57 × 57
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
Fabric
A
Breaking
Count, Yarn Designation tex inch-pound units Mass per
C
C
Commercial Fabric
Nominal Thickness,
Force, min,
Warp × Fill Unit Area,
Style Desig- Weave mm
Warp × Fill
Yarns g/m
B
[in.]
N/5 cm
nation Type
25 mm [oz/yd. ]
Warp Filling
[lbf/in.]
yarns/in.
7196 50 × 32 EC9 74 1 × 0 EC9 74 1 × 0 plain 230 0.201
51 × 33 ECG 67 1/0 ECG 67 1/0 6.72 0.0079
7500 16 × 14 EC9 68 2 × 2 EC9 68 2 × 2 plain 324 0.368 1313 × 1051
16 × 14 ECG 75 2/2 ECG 75 2/2 9.55 0.0145 150 × 120
7520 18 × 17 EC9 68 1 × 3 EC9 68 1 × 3 plain 279 0.251 919 × 876
18 × 17 ECG 75 1/3 ECG 75 1/3 8.22 0.0099 105 × 100
7532 16 × 14 EC9 68 1 × 3 EC9 68 1 × 3 plain 239 0.305 1007 × 876
16 × 14 ECG 75 1/3 ECG 75 1/3 7.05 0.012 115 × 100
7533 18 × 18 EC9 68 1 × 2 EC9 68 1 × 2 plain 192 0.234 788 × 744
18 × 18 ECG 75 1/2 ECG 75 1/2 5.65 0.0092 90 × 85
7543 48 × 30 EC9 68 1 × 2 EC7 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 288 0.2032 1681 × 193
49 × 30 ECG 75 1/2 ECE 225 1/0 8.50 0.0080 192 × 22
7544 28 × 14 EC9 68 2 × 2 EC9 68 2 × 4 2/1 basket 600 0.559 1664 × 1401
28 × 14 ECG 75 2/2 ECG 75 2/4 17.7 0.0220 190 × 160
7557 56 × 29 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC7 22 1 × 0 crowfoot 184 0.140 981 × 193
57 × 30 ECG 75 1/0 ECE 225 1/0 5.42 0.0055 112 × 22
7581 56 × 53 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 8-H satin 302 0.246 718 × 525
57 × 54 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 8.90 0.0097 82 × 60
7583 53 × 47 EC9 68 1 × 2 EC9 68 1 × 2 8-H satin 546 0.396 1821 × 1646
54 × 48 ECG 75 1/2 ECG 75 1/2 16.10 0.0156 208 × 188
7587 39 × 21 EC9 68 2 × 2 EC9 68 2 × 2 mock leno 678 0.800 2627 × 1489
40 × 21 ECG 75 2/2 ECG 75 2/2 20.0 0.0315 300 × 170
7624 43 × 24 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 184.4 0.163
44 × 24 G-75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 5.44 0.0064
7626 33 × 31 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 176 0.157 701 × 482
34 × 32 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 5.20 0.0062 80 × 55
7627 87 × 59 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 199.0 0.165 2210 × 1499
44 × 30 ECG75 1/0 ECG75 1/0 5.87 0.0065 251 × 171
7628 43 × 31 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 202 0.173 525 × 420
44 × 32 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 5.95 0.0068 60 × 48
7629 43 × 33 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 213.0 0.0180 508 × 403
44 × 34 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 6.19 0.0071 58 × 46
7635 86 × 57 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 100 1 × 0 plain 230.9 0.196 2184 × 2508
44 × 29 ECG75 1/0 ECG50 1/0 6.81 0.0077 251 × 290
7637 43 × 22 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 134 1 × 0 plain 227 0.224 683 × 665
44 × 22 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 37 1/0 6.70 0.0088 78 × 76
7640 59 × 33 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 100 1 × 0 plain 258 0.249
60 × 34 G-75 1/0 ECG 50 1/0 7.60 0.0098
7641 31 × 21 EC9 68 1 × 2 EC9 68 1 × 2 plain 288 0.267 1095 × 788
32 × 21 ECG 75 1/2 ECG 75 1/2 8.50 0.0105 125 × 90
7642 43 × 19 EC9 68 1 × 0 ET9 134 1 × 0 plain 220 0.254 657 × 350
44 × 20 ECG 75 1/0 ETG 37 1/0 6.50 0.0100 75 × 40
7650 43 × 23 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 100 1 × 0 plain 208 0.191
44 × 23 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 50 1/0 6.12 0.0075
7652 31 × 31 EC9 99 1 × 0 EC9 99 1/0 plain 253 0.221 1876 × 788
32 × 32 ECG 50 1/0 ECG 50 1/0 7.45 0.0087 100 × 90
7658 43 × 31 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 crowfoot 202 0.175 701 × 482
44 × 32 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 5.95 0.0069 80 × 55
7660 30 × 30 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 68 1 × 0 plain 163.0 0.0150 359 × 350
30 × 30 ECG 75 1/0 ECG 75 1/0 4.80 0.0059 41 × 40
7664 20 × 18 EC9 68 2 × 2 EC9 68 2 × 2 plain 424 0.419 1664 × 1401
20 × 18 ECG 75 2/2 ECG 75 2/2 12.5 0.0165 190 × 160
7667 59 × 31 EC9 74 1 × 0 EC9 74 1 × 0 plain 220 0.183
60 × 31 ECG 67 1/0 ECG 67 1/0 6.54 0.0072
7669 43 × 31 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 74 1 × 0 plain 209 0.178
44 × 31 G-75 1/0 ECG 67 1/0 6.17 0.0070
7688 43 × 34 EC9 68 1 × 0 EC9 74 1 × 0 plain 220 0.191
44 × 35 G-75 1/0 ECG 67 1/0 6.49 0.0075
7743 118 × 20 EC6 68 1 × 0 EC9 33 1 × 0 8-H satin 339 0.244 2408 × 306
120 × 20 ECDE 75 1/0 ECG 150 1/0 10.0 0.0096 275 × 35
7781 59 × 53 EC6 68 1 × 0 EC6 68 1 × 0 8-H satin 295 0.234 1313 × 1138
57 × 54 ECDE 75 1/0 ECDE 75 1/0 8.70 0.0092 150 × 130
A
Yarn designations are as specified in Specification D578/D578M. For engineering information only, and may be made by substituting other yarn equivalents, providing
fiber diameter and other properties are not affected. For example, when EC 68 2 × 2 (ECG 75 2/2) is substituted with EC9 134 1 × 2 (ECG 37 1/2), the final yarn number
remains the same.
B
See Annex A1.
C
Nominal values, the type finish can affect the breaking force and thickness of fiberglass fabrics.
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 2 Twist Tolerances TABLE 4 Tolerances—Thickness
Tolerances Nominal Thickness Permissible Variations
Turns per Centimetre: millimetres
From zero up to and including 0.4 ±0.1 turn per centimetre
0.0075 and under ±0.013
Over 0.4 and up to and including ±0.2 turn per centimetre
Over 0.075 to 0.250 ±0.025
4.0
Over 0.250 to 0.380 ±0.050
Over 4 ±5.0 % of the specified average twist
Over 0.380 ±0.075
Turns per Metre:
inches
From zero up to and including 40 ±10 turns per metre
0.0030 and under ±0.0005
Over 40 and up to and including ±20 turns per metre
Over 0.0030 to 0.0100 ±0.0010
Over 0.0100 to 0.0150 ±0.0020
Over 400 ±5.0 % of the specified average twist
Over 0.0150 ±0.0030
Turns per Inch:
From zero up to and including 1 ±0.25 turn per inch
Over 1 and up to and including 10 ±0.5 turn per inch
Over 10 ±5.0 % of the specified average twist
18. Length
18.1 The fabric roll length, length between splices, and
number of splices per roll shall be agreed upon between
14. Mass Per Unit Area
purchaser and supplier. All splices must be thermoset unless
14.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the nominal mass per unit
otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
area shall conform to the requirement of Table 1. For fabrics
not listed in Table 1, the nominal mass per unit area shall be
19. Ignition Loss
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The
19.1 The ignition loss of finished fabric shall be no less than
average mass per unit area for the lot shall conform to the
0.05 wt % and no more than 0.30 wt % unless otherwise agreed
requirements of Table 3.
upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
15. Thickness NOTE 3—In certain cases the limits of the ignition loss may exceed that
described in 19.1. When this limit is known, it must be specified in the
15.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the nominal thickness
contractual document.
shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. For fabrics not
19.2 The type of, nominal level of, and tolerances for fabric
listed in Table 1, the nominal thickness shall be agreed upon
finish shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the
between the purchaser and the supplier. The average thickness
supplier. The fabric finish should be compatible with and
of the fabric in the lot shall conform to the requirements of
produce the required performance characteristics for the resin
Table 4, unless otherwise specified.
system specified in the applicable laminate specification or
other procurement document. If the purchaser and the supplier
16. Breaking Force
agree that laminate testing (wet and dry) is to be used to
16.1 For fabrics listed in Table 1, the minimum breaking
determine acceptability of the finish content, this fact and the
force shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. For fabrics
test method to be used shall be specified in the contracting
or minimum breaking forces, or both, not listed in Table 1, the
document.
minimum breaking force shall be agreed upon between the
purchaser and the supplier. The average breaking force for the
20. Fabric Appearance
lot shall exceed the specified breaking force, and no individual
20.1 The woven finished fabric shall be generally uniform
break shall be less than 80 % of the specified minimum
in quality and condition, clean, smooth, and free of foreign
breaking force.
particles and defects detrimental to fabrication, appearance, or
performance.
17. Width
20.2 The fabric in the laboratory sample for the fabric
17.1 Fabric width shall be agreed upon between the pur-
appearance shall be examined for the defects listed in Table 5
chaser and the supplier. The fabric width, including both
and the acceptable quality levels (AQLs) shall be 2.5 major and
selvages but excluding any feathered edges, shall be no
6.5 total (major and minor combined) defects per hundred units
narrower than the specified width and no more than 13 mm
of fabric unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
[0.5 in.] wider than the specified width.
and the supplier.
NOTE 2—During the processing of glass fabrics the selvages may be slit
20.3 When specified, the warp direction of the fabric is
to minimize tension influences. This slit distance is generally excluded
marked by blue direction-indicator yarns running warpwise in
when measuring the fabric width.
the cloth and spaced approximately 150 mm [6 in.] apart.
21. Put-Up
TABLE 3 Tolerances—Mass/Unit Area
Nominal Mass/Unit Area, 21.1 Fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound on
Permissible Variation, %
2 2
g/m [oz/yd ]
spiral tubes. The tube dimensions shall be as agreed upon
136 [4.0] and under ±10
between purchaser and supplier. The maximum number of
Over 136 [4.0] ± 6
pieces contained in any roll is as specified in 18.1.
D4029/D4029M − 23
A
TABLE 5 Classification of Defects
Defect Description Major Minor
Baggy, ridgy, or wavy cloth Clearly noticeable x
Cut or tear 6.5 mm [ ⁄4 in.] or more in any direction (body only) x
Hole 13 mm [5 in.] or more in diameter x
Less than 13 mm [5 in.] in diameter x
Spots, streaks, stains, Clearly noticeable x
foreign inclusions
Tender or weak spot Clearly noticeable 50 mm [2 in.] or more in combined directions x
Clearly noticeable less than 50 mm [2 in.] but greater than 0.6 cm [ ⁄4 in.] in combined x
directions
Smash 76 mm [3 in.] or more in combined directions x
Less than 76 mm [3 in.] in combined directions x
Broken, missing ends or 2 or more contiguous, regardless of length x
picks
Floats and skips 50 mm [2 in.] or more in combined directions x
Less than 50 mm [2 in.] in combined directions x
Light marks Greater than 6.5 mm [.25 in.] in width x
2 picks less than nominal pick construction x
Heavy marks Puckering clearly noticeable x
2 picks more than nominal pick construction x
Crease Hard embedded and folded over on self x
Waste Clearly noticeable over 6.5 mm [.25 in.] in length x
Clearly noticeable less than 6.5 mm [.25 in.] in length x
Weave separation Clearly noticeable 3 mm [.125 in.] or more x
Brittle or fused area Any x
Selvage defects Curled or folded under x
Cut or torn less than 6.5 mm [.25 in.] in length x
Cut or torn 6.5 mm [.25 in.] and over in length x
Selvage leno ends out Greater than 5 m [5 yds] missing (continuously) x
Less than 5 m [5 yds] missing x
Feather edge Greater than 5 mm [.1875 in.] running more than 5 m [5 yds]
Greater than 5 mm [.1875 in.] but running less than 5 mm [.1875 in.]
A
At a normal viewing distance of 1 m or 3 ft.
22. Packaging SAMPLING AND CONDITIONING
22.1 Each roll of fabric, put up as specified, shall be
24. Sampling
packaged to afford adequate protection against physical dam-
age during shipment from the supply source to the receiving
24.1 Lot Size—A lot shall consist of each 9000 m
activity. The supplier’s standard practice may be used when it
[10 000 yd] of a single fabric style unless otherwise agreed
meets this requirement.
upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
24.1.1 When small multiple shipments are made from an
22.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an
inspected lot, the shipments may be made without additional
applicable contract or purchase order, each roll shall be
inspection as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
wrapped in polyethylene not less than 0.05 mm [0.002 in.]
supplier.
thick in such a manner as to ensure that the fabric, during
shipment and storage, will be protected against damage from
24.2 Lot Sample—Take at random as a lot sample the
exposure to moisture, weather, or any other normal hazard.
number of rolls of fabric specified in ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 and a
single sampling plan unless otherwise agreed upon between the
23. Marking
purchaser and the supplier.
23.1 Each package shall be marked to show the information
24.3 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take the
listed below unless specified otherwise by the purchaser and
following samples:
the supplier. Characters shall be of such size as to be clearly
24.3.1 For fabric appearance, fabric width, mass per unit
legible and shall not be obliterated by normal handling to:
area, and fabric length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as the
100 % Fiber Glass Cloth
laboratory sample.
Style
Length
24.3.2 For other properties, take at random from the rolls in
Width
the lot sample the number of rolls specified in Table 6. From
Purchase Order Number
Manufacturer’s Identification
each roll in the laboratory sample, take a 1-m [1-yd] full-width
Finish Designation
swatch from the end of the roll after first discarding a minimum
23.1.1 All fabrics will be considered Type “E” electrical, of 1 m or 1 yd of fabric from the very outside of the roll.
unless specified otherwise. If glass type is other than electrical Remove only the outer layer of fabric if the circumference of
“E”, each package shall be marked accordingly. the roll is less than 1 m [1 yd].
D4029/D4029M − 23
TABLE 6 Sample Size Determination for Construction, Mass,
32. Twist Level
Width and Physical Properties
32.1 Determine the twist level in each of the component
Sample Size, Number of
Lot Size in Units, m or yd
strands as directed in Test Method D1423/D1423M upon five
Units
test specimens of warp yarn and five test specimens of filling
800 or less 2
801 up to and including 22 000 3
yarn from each of the swatches in the laboratory sample.
22 001 and over 5
33. Fabric Weave Type
33.1 Scope—This method covers the recognition of the six
24.4 Test Specimens—For fabric appearance, fabric width, fabric weave types referred in Table 1. The weaves included
and fabric length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as test are: crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and
specimens. For other properties, take test specimens from the twelve-harness satin.
swatches in the laboratory sample as directed in the respective
33.2 Significance and Use:
test methods in this specification.
33.2.1 The fabric weave type is important. It can affect the
performance of the final product depending on its end use in
25. Conditioning
terms of force, durability and aesthetics. This method specifies
25.1 Condition the laboratory samples without precondi-
a procedure for recognizing specified weaves.
tioning for a period of at least 5 h in the atmosphere for testing
33.2.2 This procedure for recognizing fabric weave type is
glass textiles as directed in Practice D1776/D1776M, unless
considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
otherwise specified.
shipments.
TEST METHODS
33.3 Apparatus:
33.3.1 Rectangular Coordinate Graph Paper.
26. Material
33.3.2 Linen or Magnifying Glass.
26.1 Accept the supplier’s certification that the material is 33.3.3 Marking Pen or Pencil.
of the correct grade as specified in Specification D578/D578M.
33.4 Procedure:
Unless otherwise specified, during testing fro strand construc-
33.4.1 Place a swatch of the sample on a flat surface, face
tion as directed in Section 30, verify that the yarn is continuous
side up (see Terminology D7018/D7018M, eight and twelve
filament. Determine the freedom from objectionable impurities
harness satin definitions). Position the swatch with the warp
during the inspection for fabric appearances as directed in
direction extending forward and away from the observer.
Section 40.
33.4.2 Select a starting point on the surface of the fabric
where a warp end is raised over a filling pick (raiser yarn).
27. Fabric Count
33.4.3 Denote a filling end raised over a warp end (sinker
27.1 Determine the fabric count as directed in Test Method
yarn) on the face of the fabric by an unmarked block.
D3775, making one count in each direction on each of the
33.4.4 Plot the weave construction by first marking a block
swatches in the laboratory sample.
on the graph paper designating the starting raiser yarn.
33.4.5 Continue plotting from left to right, from the first
28. Yarn Number
raiser yarn, showing raiser yarns as marked blocks and sinker
28.1 Determine the yarn number in tex (yds/lb.) for both the
yarns as unmarked blocks until a minimum two repeats of the
warp and filling yarns as directed in Test Method D1059.
pattern are observed. In a like manner, plot up from the first
raiser yarn until a minimum of two repeats of the pattern are
29. Filament Diameter
observed corresponding to each designated block in the left-
29.1 Determine the filament diameter for both the warp and
to-right pattern.
filling yarns as directed in Specification D578/D578M by using
33.4.6 Compare the design plot to Figs. A1.1-A1.3.
50 individual filaments from one yarn test specimen from both
33.4.6.1 Leno and mock leno have a distinct visual appear-
the warp and filling yarns in each of the swatches in the
ance and may be identified without plotting.
laboratory sample.
33.5 Report:
30. Strand Construction 33.5.1 State that the fabric weave type of the rolls of fabric
was determined as directed in Specification D4029. Describe
30.1 Verify the number of singles strands and the number of
the material or product sampled and the method of sampling
plied or cabled strands on one test specimen of warp yarn and
used.
one specimen of filling yarn while determining the twist
33.5.2 Report the fabric weave type for each roll including
direction or twist level. See Section 26.
the raiser/sinker pattern in terms of the warp ends up and down.
31. Direction of Twist
33.6 Precision and Bias—No justifiable statement can be
31.1 Verify the direction of twist as directed in Test Method made
...