ASTM D4389/D4389M-23

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Designation: D4389/D4389M − 16 D4389/D4389M − 23
Standard Specification for
Finished Glass Fabrics Woven From Rovings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4389/D4389M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification primarily covers glass fabrics woven from “E” electrical continuous glass fiber rovings that are intended
primarily as a reinforcing material in laminated plastics for structural use.
1.2 This specification specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements, and physical requirements for woven roving
glass fiber fabrics. This specification permits the application of sizing materials to the glass fiber roving during manufacture that
helps facilitate weaving. When used as permitted in this specification, such materials are compatible with the resin matrix as
specified in the contracting instrument.
NOTE 1—Sizing materials on glass fiber yarns, in most cases, are removed by various cleaning procedures as a first stage in preparing a finished fabric.
When these yarn sizing materials are removed during a cleaning procedure, they need not be compatible with the subsequent resin matrix.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system
mayare not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems maywill result in nonconformance with the standard.
NOTE 2—This specification is one of a series to provide a substitute for the following Military Specifications:
MIL-Y-1140H Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass
MIL-C-9084C Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates
MIL-C-19663C Cloth, Glass, Woven Roving for Plastic Laminates
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D578D578/D578M Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
D1776D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2408 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished With Amino-Silane-Type Finishes,
for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber and its Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016June 1, 2023. Published February 2016August 2023. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
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D4389 – 04D4389 (2010 –16. ). DOI: 10.1520/D4389_D4389M-16.10.1520/D4389_D4389M-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
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D4389/D4389M − 23
D2409 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished With Vinyl-Silane Type Finishes,
for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
D2410 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished With Chrome Complexes, for Plastic
Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
D2660 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass Fabric, Cleaned and After-Finished with Acrylic-Silane-Type Finishes,
for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
D3098 Test Method for Finish Content of Woven Glass Fabrics, Cleaned and After-Finished with Epoxy-Functions Silane Type
Finishes for Plastic Laminates (Withdrawn 1988)
D3773D3773/D3773M Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3775 Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count of Woven Fabrics
D3776D3776/D3776M Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
D4029D4029/D4029M Specification for Finished Woven Glass Fabrics
D4963D4963/D4963M Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Fiber Strands and Fabrics
D7018D7018/D7018M Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Products (Withdrawn 2021)
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of glass fiber and product terms used in this specification refer to Terminology D7018D7018/D7018M.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: continuous filament yarn,roving.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology D123.
CLASSIFICATION
4. Classification
4.1 Designation of Woven Roving Fabric— The basic designations for glass woven roving fabric is by mass per unit area and is
given in grams per square metre (ounces per square yard). Historically, an ASTM type number has been used by the industry. These
numbers have been sequentially assigned as new woven roving constructions as they were added to this specification. Numbers
1 through 10 are shown in Table 1 with the relationship to mass per unit area and fabric count.
TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Generally Available “E” Glass Finished Woven Roving Fabrics
A
Roving
Construction
Nominal
Count Nominal Roving Length Per Unit Mass Standard Roll
Mass Per
ASTM
25.4 mm Length
Weave
Unit Area
Type
Tex yd/lb
[1 in.] min
2 2
g/m oz/yd Warp Fill Warp Fill Warp Fill m yd
1 Plain 441 13.0 10 4 840 to 755 1065 to 925 590 to 655 465 to 535 91.5 100
2 Plain 542 16.0 10 4 840 to 755 1680 to 1505 590 to 655 295 to 330 91.5 100
3 Plain 831 24.5 5 4 2360 to 2065 2680 to 2255 210 to 240 185 to 220 68.5 75
4 Plain 831 24.5 5 3 2360 to 2065 3545 to 3105 210 to 240 140 to 160 68.5 75
5 Plain 915 27.0 5 2.5 2360 to 2065 4960 to 4725 210 to 240 100 to 105 59.5 65
6 Plain 610 18.0 7 6 1210 to 1835 1340 to 1155 410 to 270 370 to 430 68.5 75
7 Plain 745 22.0 5 4 2360 to 2065 2155 to 1910 210 to 240 230 to 260 68.5 75
8 Plain 610 18.0 4 4 2360 to 2065 1655 to 1505 210 to 240 300 to 330 68.5 75
9 Plain 559 16.5 5 4 1710 to 1525 1710 to 1525 290 to 325 290 to 325 91.5 100
10 Plain 711 21.0 4 4 2420 to 2155 2420 to 2155 205 to 230 205 to 230 82.5 90
A
In some cases, the fill yarn may be woven as 2 picks per shed and as 1 fill yarn. The basic roving length per unit area used to produce the above fill yarns should be
doubled.
Available from American National Standards Institute 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
D4389/D4389M − 23
REQUIREMENTS
5. Material
5.1 The roving shall be continuous filament fiber, free of any free alkali, such as sodium or potassium metal salts and foreign
particles, dirt, and other impurities. It shall be an E type glass as defined in Specification D578D578/D578M.
5.1.1 The fabric shall be uniformly woven, have uniform color, overall cleanness, and no objectionable odor.
6. Fabric Count
6.1 For woven roving fabrics listed in Table 1, the average fabric count shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. For woven
roving fabrics not listed in Table 1, the average fabric count shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
7. Yarn Designations
7.1 For woven roving fabrics, the roving designations shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The
requirements of the individual elements of the designation are specified in Sections 8 – 10.
8. Yarn Number
8.1 For woven roving fabrics listed in Table 1, the average size-free yarn numbers of the yarns designated shall conform to the
requirements of Table 1. For woven roving fabrics not listed in Table 1, the average size-free yarn numbers shall be agreed upon
between the purchaser and the supplier.
9. Filament Diameter
9.1 The range of values for the filament diameters are listed in Table 2. The average filament diameter for the rovings in the woven
roving fabric shall be within the interval listed in Table 2.
10. Strand Construction
10.1 The construction of the component strands shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
11. Weave Type
11.1 For woven roving fabrics listed in Table 1, the weave type shall be plain weave. For woven roving fabrics not listed in Table
1, the weave type shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
12. Mass per Unit Area
12.1 For woven roving fabrics listed in Table 1, the average mass per unit area shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. For
TABLE 2 Letter Designation for Average Fiber Diameter Range of
Glass Roving Used in Woven Roving Fabrics
SI Units US Customary Units
Letter
Diameter in Micrometres Diameter in Inches
Designation
At Least Below At Least Below
G 8.9 10.2 0.00035 0.00040
H 10.2 11.4 0.00040 0.00045
J 11.4 12.7 0.00045 0.00050
K 12.7 14.0 0.00050 0.00055
L 14.0 15.2 0.00055 0.00060
M 15.2 16.5 0.00060 0.00065
N 16.5 17.8 0.00065 0.00070
P 17.8 19.0 0.00070 0.00075
T 22.8 24.2 0.00090 0.00095
D4389/D4389M − 23
woven roving fabrics not listed in Table 1, the average mass per unit area shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the
supplier. The average mass per unit area for the lot shall be within the interval: specified mass per unit area 6 10 % of the specified
mass per unit area.
13. Width
13.1 Fabric width shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The fabric width, including both selvages but
excluding any feathered edges, shall not be less than the specified width and no more than 13 mm [0.5 in.] wider than the specified
width.
NOTE 3—During the processing of glass fabrics, the selvages may be slit to minimize tension influences. This slit distance is excluded when measuring
the fabric width unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
14. Length
14.1 For woven roving fabrics listed in Table 1, the fabric length on each roll shall not be less than 2 m [2 yd] below the
requirements listed in Table 1 unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. For woven roving fabrics not
listed in Table 1, the fabric length on each roll shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
14.2 No piece of woven roving fabric shall be less than 14 m [15 yd] long and there shall be no more than two pieces in a roll,
unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
14.3 None of the sample rolls shall contain more than the allowable pieces, and the combined length of all of the sample rolls shall
not be less than the combined lengths given on the identification labels of the sample rolls.
15. Ignition Loss
15.1 The organic content of woven roving fabric shall be no less than 0.075 %0.075 wt % and no more than 0.25 %0.25 wt %
unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
15.2 The type of, level of, and tolerances for roving finish shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the suppl
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