ASTM D8425-22

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8425 −22
Standard Guide for the
Use of Sodium Bentonite Needle-Punched Geotextile
Waterproofing Systems with Cast-in-Place Concrete Below-
Grade Foundation Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 Different sodium bentonite geotextile membranes have
different materials of composition and construction which can
1.1 This guide covers general installation guidelines of
affect physical properties. The procedures contained in this
waterproofing membranes produced as a composite of sodium
guide, therefore, may not be universally applicable to all
bentonite contained within two interlocked needle-punched
sodium bentonite geotextile membranes under all field condi-
geotextiles for designers to consider when developing project-
tions.
specific drawings and specifications. This guide covers con-
struction applications where the waterproofing is applied to the 1.7 This guide does not purport to assign responsibilities of
positive side of below-grade cast-in-place concrete foundation quality assurance or quality control. Specific quality assurance
walls, both backfilled and support of excavation (SOE) and quality control items should be addressed in project
construction, and under concrete pressure slabs. This guide specifications and contract documents.
does not cover plaza deck construction applications, either
1.8 This guide does not purport to include requirements for
split-slab construction or pavers on pedestals, or vegetated
warranties associated with the waterproofing materials or
green roof waterproofing applications.
installation.
1.2 This guide does not cover sodium bentonite waterproof-
1.9 This guide does not purport to include all detailing
ing membranes produced with a corrugation paper carrier,
techniques to address various conditions that can be encoun-
bentonite bonded to a geomembrane, and spray-applied ben-
tered on construction projects.
tonite systems.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 For the purpose of this guide, concrete is assumed to be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cast-in-place with a surface profile as recommended in Guide
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5295/D5295M, consolidated in accordance with applicable
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
guidelines in ACI 309, structurally sound, able to accept the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
weight of anticipated loads, and meets the local building code
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
requirements. All components of the waterproofing system are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environ-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mental regulations that may be in effect at the time of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
installation. Expansion joints, insulation, and drainage layers
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
are beyond the scope of this guide.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4 This guide does not cover sodium bentonite geotextile
2. Referenced Documents
membranes installed on below-grade foundation walls and
slabs constructed with masonry materials, precast concrete, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pneumatically applied concrete (that is, shotcrete).
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D5295/D5295M Guide for Preparation of Concrete Surfaces
standard.The unit values given in parentheses are for reference
for Adhered (Bonded) Membrane Waterproofing Systems
information only.
D6294/D6294M Test Method for Corrosion Resistance of
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and
Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 on Water- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
proofing and Dampproofing Systems. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022. Published August 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8425-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8425−22
Ferrous Metal Fastener Assemblies Used in Roofing and 5. Significance and Use
Waterproofing
5.1 This guide outlines general installation procedures and
2.2 ACI Standards: precautions for the application of sodium bentonite needle-
ACI 309 Guide for Consolidation of Concrete punched geotextile waterproofing systems.
ACI 506.2-13(18) Specification for Shotcrete
5.2 This guide is not all inclusive and is intended only to
supplement detailed drawings and specifications from design-
3. Terminology
ers and the installation guidelines of manufacturers. Manufac-
3.1 Definitions: turers of some of the systems addressed by this guide require
proprietary products and special procedures not described in
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
this guide. Manufacturers’guidelines and details applicable for
Terminologies D1079 and D4439.
each site construction condition encountered on a project
3.1.2 needle-punched geotextile composite membrane—
should therefore be considered in the application of this guide.
sodium bentonite waterproofing manufactured using needles
that punch fibers from a nonwoven geotextile through the
6. Delivery of Materials
bentonite layer and then through the woven geotextile to bond
6.1 Deliver materials in the manufacturer’s original un-
the geotextiles together by means of interlocked geotextile
opened packages and containers.
fibers.
6.2 All materials or material packaging must be clearly
3.1.3 shotcrete—concrete or mortar conveyed through a
marked in a weather-resistant manner with product name,
hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a
production lot code, manufacturer’s name, and other pertinent
surface to achieve compaction.
information as required by federal, state, and local regulations.
3.1.4 sodium bentonite—a natural clay mineral consisting
7. Storage and Handling of Materials
mostly of montmorillonite (aluminum silicate) that is pro-
cessed and typically treated with polymer additives. Sodium
7.1 Store materials on raised platforms or pallets. Store rolls
bentonite is a highly expansive mineral having characteristics
vertically or horizontally, as recommended by the manufac-
of cohesion, binding, sealing, and upon hydration forms a
turer. Store materials in a dry, ventilated, and weatherproof
barrier to liquid water.
location in a manner recommended by the manufacturer.Avoid
damage or embedment of foreign materials.
3.1.5 support of excavation (SOE) construction—refers to
the construction of a temporary or permanent wall assembly to
7.2 Store materials to prevent system supplier’s markings
retain soil during the excavation of the building foundation to
from being destroyed.
which the waterproofing is applied prior to the building’s
7.3 When used as part of the system, store mastic and other
structural foundation wall, consisting of cast-in-place rein-
applicable accessory products in tightly closed original con-
forced concrete placed directly in contact with the waterproof-
tainers at temperatures within the temperature range guidelines
ing system.
of the manufacturer. Protect products from sources of ignition.
4. Classification
8. Environmental Conditions
4.1 The following types are used to identify the waterproof- 8.1 Installation can proceed when environmental conditions
ing systems included in this guide: agreed upon by the owner, specifier, and installer are within the
guidelines of the material manufacturer.
4.1.1 Type I—Needle-punched bentonite geotextile mem-
branes consisting of minimum 4.8 kg of granular sodium
8.2 Conditions that may interfere with the installation and
2 2
bentonite per m (1 lb per ft ) contained between two
performance of the waterproofing include: precipitation prior
geotextiles,onewovenandonenonwoven.Thetwogeotextiles
to covering the membrane with concrete or backfill, wet or
are interlocked together by means of nonwoven geotextile
frost-covered substrate surfaces, dirty or contaminated sub-
fibers needle-punched through the bentonite layer and woven
strate surfaces, high winds, and temperatures above or below a
geotextile throughout the membrane surface area.
workable range for the products to be installed.
4.1.2 Type II—Needle-punched bentonite geotextile mem-
8.3 Product use is acceptable for both hydrostatic and
branes consisting of minimum 4.8 kg of granular sodium
non-hydrostatic project site conditions within the guidelines
2 2
bentonite per m (1 lb per ft ) contained between two geotex-
established by the manufacturer.
tiles (one woven and one nonwoven) and an integral geomem-
8.4 Prior to installation, groundwater or soil conditions
branebondedtotheexteriorsurfaceofonegeotextile,covering
should be tested for contaminants in accordance with the
the entire surface area of the membrane. The two geotextiles
material manufacturer’s guidelines.
are interlocked together by means of nonwoven geotextile
fibers needle-punched through the bentonite layer and woven
8.5 Product hydrated by groundwater infiltration into the
geotextile throughout the membrane surface area.
excavated site or precipitation, prior to confinement by con-
crete or backfill, should be inspected for damage. Per the
manufacturer’s guidelines, product determined to be damaged
should be documented, repaired, or replaced, and the repair
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, http://www.concrete.org. documented.
D8425−22
8.6 A temporary installation of a mechanical system to 10. Substrate Preparation
control groundwater inflow into the site excavation may be
10.1 Contaminants such as dirt, debris, loose materials,
required to provide dry conditions for installation.
water, ice, or surface irregularities which would interfere with
satisfactory installation of the system should be removed.
8.7 Bentonite waterproofing requires confinement by means
of compacted backfill for foundation wall applications or
10.2 For backfilled wall applications, prepare and evaluate
reinforced concrete coverage for under-slab and support of
cast-in-place concrete surface profile to be in accordance with
excavation (SOE) construction applications. Install bentonite
Guide D5295/D5295M. Concrete surface can be “surface
waterproofing only in applications that comply with manufac-
saturated dry” condition because this type of waterproofing is
turer’s confinement guidelines.
not adhered with primers or adhesives and can be installed on
freshly placed concrete as soon as the forms are removed, as
9. Materials
approved by the project engineer.
9.1 Type I: 10.3 For under pressure slab installations with compactible
earth substrate, the substrate should be compacted to suit site
9.1.1 Bentonite-geotextile membrane sheet produced as a
conditions, construction, and should be in accordance with
composite of sodium bentonite contained within two geotex-
manufacturer’s guidance. Gravel subgrade should consist of
tiles interlocked by means of needle-punching.
aggregate size meeting the manufacturer’s guidelines and
9.1.2 Mastic—Trowel-gradeflashingmaterialforinsidecor-
should be rolled with a smooth-drum compactor of sufficient
ner fillets, sealing around penetrations, and terminations.
weight to compact and remove any abrupt grade changes such
9.1.3 Bentonite Tubes/Granular—Bentonite material for
as tire ruts or footprints. All protrusions extending more than
horizontal inside corner fillet at junction of wall and footing.
12 mm ( ⁄2 in.) from the subgrade surface should either be
9.1.4 Protection Board—Material course installed to the
removed or made smooth with the subgrade surface.
exterior of the membrane to protect the membrane from
10.4 Forunderpressureslabinstallationswithconcretemud
damage after installation onto a backfilled wall or earth-
slabs, mud slabs should have a steel or wood float finish profile
covered structure.
to provide a planar surface without sharp angular depressions,
9.1.5 Mechanical Fasteners—Specified for use to secure
voids, or raised features.
membrane into position prior to membrane confinement by
10.5 For support of excavation (SOE) construction, shoring
concrete or compacted backfill.
wall assembly should extend to the lowest level of the
9.1.6 Mechanical Affıxments at Grade—The mechanical
waterproofing installation, with any voids or cavities exterior
fasteners and stress distribution bar or strips (that is, termina-
of the shoring filled with compacted soil or cementitio
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