91.120.01 - Protection of and in buildings in general
ICS 91.120.01 Details
Protection of and in buildings in general
Schutz von und in Gebauden im allgemeinen
Protection exterieure et interieure des batiments en general
Zaščita stavb in v stavbah na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.120.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Protection of and in buildings in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 39 standards classified under ICS 91.120.01 (Protection of and in buildings in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to help reduce risks associated with lead hazards in buildings by providing standardized requirements for preserving records, findings, and recommendations associated with lead hazard activities.
4.2 This practice is intended for use by individuals and organizations that develop and have need to preserve objective evidence when contracting for or when conducting lead hazard activities themselves.
4.2.1 This practice is intended to assist in complying with management system requirements for record keeping promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction regarding conduct of lead hazard activities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes requirements for preservation of records generated during lead hazard activities.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to act as an aid during the planning, risk management, design, renovation, construction, and ongoing maintenance phases of a project by persons/entities involved (including, engineers, architects, project management personnel/facilities management, contractors, inspectors, risk managers, safety committees, government agencies, and snow removal companies and owners) to reduce snow and ice slip hazards on walkway surfaces. This guide is also intended to complement aspects from Guide F2966 to promote the management of snow and ice on premises using prevention through design strategies.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design, planning, construction, renovation, maintenance, and risk management considerations of the physical exterior property with regard to snow and ice management for the purpose of reducing the risk of pedestrian slips. The provisions in this guide may also apply to the analysis of existing properties.
1.2 Conformance with this guide may reduce, but will not eliminate, the potential for slip incidents in which the presence or accumulation of snow and ice on walkways may be a contributing factor.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the model components to be used in a numerical hygrothermal simulation model for calculating the transient transfer of heat and moisture through building structures.
This document specifies a method to be used for validating a numeric hygrothermal simulation model claiming conformity with this document.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the model components to be used in a numerical hygrothermal simulation model for calculating the transient transfer of heat and moisture through building structures.
This document specifies a method to be used for validating a numeric hygrothermal simulation model claiming conformity with this document.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Losses of property are indicators of the effectiveness of operations. Excessive losses can indicate poor internal management and controls, policy or procedural weaknesses, or lack of compliance, any one of which can have a negative impact on profitability, mission, performance, or reputation.
5.2 Addressing and reporting losses provides indicators of needed potential action by decision makers.
5.3 Though the term equipment is used consistently throughout this practice, this process may be used for the other classes of property, for example, raw material in inventory.
5.4 This practice does not change any requirements that may be imposed through law, regulations, contract terms, and conditions.
Note 1: When this practice is submitted in response to a contract solicitation and evaluated as part of a contract award process, this practice may be deemed a representation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice focuses on addressing and reporting losses of tangible property.
1.2 Loss occurrences are key aspects of risk management. Projecting the possibility or probability of losses, discovering, disclosing, reporting, managing, and minimizing losses to a reasonable extent is a critical economic factor in the success of the owning or holding entity. This practice also establishes acceptable levels of losses.
1.3 Losses are often discovered as a result of an occurrence, a physical inventory, property custodian or entity self-assessment, or external audit. An actual loss occurrence can be at any time during the property life cycle.
1.4 Assessing and determining financial liability for losses is not addressed in this practice; such assessments are generally subject to individual contracts or other arrangements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice outlines lead hazard reduction methods that have been shown to be effective in preventing lead poisoning in children.
4.2 This practice tabulates advantages, disadvantages, and relative costs of the reduction methods to assist professionals such as certified lead-based paint risk assessors, supervisors, or project designers in selecting appropriate cost-effective options for controlling lead hazards identified during a lead risk assessment. Different control methods may be equally effective in controlling a given lead hazard and, consequently, the selection of a specific control method may depend on the needs and economic constraints of the client or building owner.
4.3 This practice is intended to complement other lead hazard activities that are performed in accordance with regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, a lead hazard risk assessment, by regulation, consists of a visual assessment, a hazard assessment including environmental monitoring for lead, and selection of lead hazard reduction methods.
4.4 This practice is intended to assist homeowners, owners and occupants of rental property, lenders, insurers, and others who have interest in selecting options for controlling lead hazards associated with leaded paint, dust, or soil.
4.5 This practice complements Guide E2115. Information and data gathered in accordance with Guide E2115 and this practice are used in preparing a risk assessment report. Subsequent lead hazards are mitigated through implementation of controls selected in accordance with this present practice.
4.6 This practice addresses the most commonly used lead hazard reduction methods. It is left to users of this practice to identify the advantages, disadvantages, and relative costs associated with emerging control technologies for comparison with these characteristics of established lead hazard control methods.
4.7 This practice does not address specific his...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the selection of lead hazard reduction methods for controlling lead hazard risks identified during risk assessments of residential dwellings and child occupied facilities.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This practice contains notes, which are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.
1.4 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice addresses elements along and in walkways including floors and walkway surfaces, sidewalks, short flight stairs, gratings, wheel stops, and speed bumps. Swimming pools, bath tubs, showers, natural walks, and unimproved paths are beyond the scope of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers design and construction guidelines and minimum maintenance criteria for new and existing buildings and structures. This practice is intended to provide reasonably safe walking surfaces for pedestrians wearing ordinary footwear. These guidelines may not be adequate for those with certain mobility impairments.
1.2 Conformance with this practice will not alleviate all hazards; however, conformance will reduce certain pedestrian risks.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies performance requirements and design methods for temporary roofs and encapsulations.
It is possible to form the constructions in several ways:
- roof which is supported by an existing permanent construction (Figure 1);
- roof which is supported by a scaffold (Figure 2 and 3);
- roof which is supported by another temporary construction (e.g. steel frame);
- wall which is supported by a separate construction (Figure 4);
- encapsulation which is a complete temporary construction including roof, walls and corresponding temporary supports (Figure 5).
This European Standard sets out general requirements. These are substantially independent of the materials of which the construction is made. This standard is intended to be used as the basis for enquiry and design.
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ISO 15927-2:2009 gives the definition, and specifies methods of calculation and presentation of the monthly external design climate to be used in determining the design cooling load of buildings and the design of air conditioning systems.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Standard gives simplified procedures for the thermal design of building foundations so as to avoid the occurence of frost heave. It applies to foundations on frost-susceptible ground, and includes buildings with both slab-on-ground floors and suspended floors. It covers heated and unheated buildings, but other situations requiring frost protection (for example roads, water pipes in the ground) are not included. The Standard is not applicable to cold stores and ice rinks.
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This European Standard specifies:
a) overall indicators to express the energy performance of whole buildings, including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, domestic hot water and lighting systems. This includes different possible indicators;
b) ways to express energy requirements for the design of new buildings or renovation of existing buildings;
c) procedures to define reference values;
d) ways to design a procedure for building energy certification.
The standard can be applied to a group of buildings, if they are on the same lot, if they are serviced by the same technical building systems and if no more than one of them has a conditioned area of more than
1 000 m2.
This European Standard provides different options at different levels. When this European Standard is used to set up national or regional methods for expressing energy performance and/or for energy certification of buildings, the choices between the options is not made by the individual user, but by authorized national or regional bodies.
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This standard specifies the equations to be used in a simulation method for calculating the non steady transfer of heat and moisture through building structures.
It also provides a benchmark example intended to be used for validating a simulation method claiming conformity with this standard, together with the allowed tolerances.
The equations in this standard take account of the following storage and one-dimensional transport phenomena:
- heat storage in dry building materials and absorbed water;
- heat transport by moisture-dependent thermal conduction;
- latent heat transfer by vapour diffusion;
- moisture storage by vapour sorption and capillary forces;
- moisture transport by vapour diffusion;
- moisture transport by liquid transport (surface diffusion and capillary flow).
The equations described in this standard account for the following climatic variables:
- internal and external temperature;
- internal and external humidity;
- solar and longwave radiation;
- precipitation (normal and driving rain);
- wind speed and direction.
The hygrothermal equations described in this standard shall not be applied in cases where:
- convection takes place through holes and cracks;
- two-dimensional effects play an important part (e.g. rising damp, conditions around thermal bridges, effect of gravitational forces);
• hydraulic, osmotic, electrophoretic forces are present;
daily mean temperatures in the component exceed 50 °C.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Evacuation route diagrams are informational signs used to advise building occupants, be they employees, residents, patients, or visitors, of the best route(s) to egress the building, or to temporary shelter from their location. It is a pictorial representation of the building/floor layout showing the closest such route from a given point in the building. This standard will provide guidelines that can be used to provide uniformity in the development and use of these signs. Consistency in design and placement of these signs can serve to increase familiarity and comprehension as well as reduce confusion, thus improving the ability of occupants to egress from the facility more easily and quickly in an emergency.
4.2 Occupancies where standardization of ERDs would be most beneficial include those which frequently have occupants unfamiliar with the facility, such as hotels, places of assembly, offices, healthcare facilities, and multiple occupancy buildings.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to provide minimum guidelines for the design and placement of evacuation route diagrams (ERDs) used in buildings. It covers the evacuation of building occupants when directed by emergency response authorities in emergencies such as fire, earthquake, and bomb threat.Note 1—Evacuation from the facility is not appropriate in all emergencies. For example, a tornado or a release of hazardous materials may require sheltering within the building. This diagram standard is intended to be used in conjunction with a facility emergency plan and instructions on appropriate actions from building management, or emergency response authorities, or both.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This standard was intended to provide minimum guidelines for the design and placement of evacuation route diagrams (ERDs) used in buildings.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety, this guide was withdrawn in January 2021. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
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Part 2 of this standard sets out the specifications on a 2-D geometrical model of a linear thermal bridge for the numerical calculation of the linear thermal transmittance of the linear thermal bridge and the lower limit of the minimum surface temperatures.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the selection of effective physical security measures to deter or detect an attack on a protected facility. Consideration is made for the skill of the attacker and the type of facility that is being protected. A threat/physical security matrix given in Table 1 identifies typical protective measures and instrumentation applicable for protecting several types of facilities from several identified levels of threat.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide is intended to aid in the selection of effective physical security measures to deter or detect an attack on a protected facility. Consideration is made for the skill of the attacker and the type of facility that is being protected.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F12 on Security Systems and Equipment, this guide was withdrawn in April 2004 in accordance with section 10.6.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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