M/343 - standards for a methodology

Energy labelling of buildings requires a method valid for both new and existing buildings, and treating them in an equivalent way.
In new buildings all required information exists to compute energy use, when necessary using conventional occupancy data; but the actual energy use is not available. In existing buildings, actual energy use is known in some cases from energy meters, but often some information, such as U-values of components or actual air change rate is missing. Since energy use for space heating and cooling strongly depends on occupants' behaviour and that different uses are involved, actual energy use cannot be used for energy labelling of the building without correction.
Therefore, a methodology should be developed to get the same results from different sets of data. The work will propose a methodology to assess missing data and to calculate a "standard" energy use for space heating and cooling. This work item also includes a methodology that allows determining the energy effectiveness of possible improvements.

The purpose of this standard is to:
   collate results from other standards that specify calculation of energy consumption within a building;
   account for energy generated in the building, some of which may be exported for use elsewhere;
   present a summary on tabular form of the overall energy use of the building;
   specify calculation of primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission for the building as a whole;
   establish general principles for the calculation of primary energy factors and carbon dioxide emission factors.
This standard will provide:
a definition of system boundaries (e.g. building, installations, energy supply) and calculation periods;
general definition of the overall energy use (i.e. determine which services are taken into account within the system boundaries);
definition of energy terms (energy use, primary energy, etc.);
definition of the data interfaces with other standards in order to report the overall energy use of buildings;
general procedures for taking into consideration decentralised energy production based on renewable energy and CHP (combined heat and power production), e.g. to show how on-site energy generation offsets energy demand;
identification of the energy streams across system boundaries;
principles for assessing primary energy consumption and CO2 emission of buildings (i.e. principles for determining primary energy factors and carbon dioxide emission factors);
general principles for taking into account the interactions between the different energy uses (e.g. calculation of recovered losses and gains).
The objective of specifying the details of the energy performance calculation for a building is to:
- underline the particularity of a project (e.g. efforts made on bioclimatic design);
- show the strong and the weak points in the overall energy performance of the building and to highlight potential gains:
- distinguish between thermal uses and specific electrical uses;
- indicate the outputs required f

The purpose of this standard is to:
   collate results from other standards that specify calculation of energy consumption within a building;
   account for energy generated in the building, some of which may be exported for use elsewhere;
   present a summary on tabular form of the overall energy use of the building;
   specify calculation of primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission for the building as a whole;
   establish general principles for the calculation of primary energy factors and carbon dioxide emission factors.
This standard will provide:
a definition of system boundaries (e.g. building, installations, energy supply) and calculation periods;
general definition of the overall energy use (i.e. determine which services are taken into account within the system boundaries);
definition of energy terms (energy use, primary energy, etc.);
definition of the data interfaces with other standards in order to report the overall energy use of buildings;
general procedures for taking into consideration decentralised energy production based on renewable energy and CHP (combined heat and power production), e.g. to show how on-site energy generation offsets energy demand;
identification of the energy streams across system boundaries;
principles for assessing primary energy consumption and CO2 emission of buildings (i.e. principles for determining primary energy factors and carbon dioxide emission factors);
general principles for taking into account the interactions between the different energy uses (e.g. calculation of recovered losses and gains).
The objective of specifying the details of the energy performance calculation for a building is to:
- underline the particularity of a project (e.g. efforts made on bioclimatic design);
- show the strong and the weak points in the overall energy performance of the building and to highlight potential gains:
- distinguish between thermal uses and specific electrical uses;
- indicate the outputs required f

Energy labelling of buildings requires a method valid for both new and existing buildings, and treating them in an equivalent way.
In new buildings all required information exists to compute energy use, when necessary using conventional occupancy data; but the actual energy use is not available. In existing buildings, actual energy use is known in some cases from energy meters, but often some information, such as U-values of components or actual air change rate is missing. Since energy use for space heating and cooling strongly depends on occupants' behaviour and that different uses are involved, actual energy use cannot be used for energy labelling of the building without correction.
Therefore, a methodology should be developed to get the same results from different sets of data. The work will propose a methodology to assess missing data and to calculate a "standard" energy use for space heating and cooling. This work item also includes a methodology that allows determining the energy effectiveness of possible improvements.

-   This European Standard specifies the indoor environmental parameters which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings.
-   The standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations.
-   The standard specifies methods for long term evaluation of the indoor environment obtained as a result of calculations or measurements.
-   The standard specifies criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection.
-   The standard identifies parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings.
   This standard is applicable mainly in non-industrial buildings where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. The standard is thus applicable to the following building types: single family houses, apartment buildings, offices, educational buildings, hospitals, hotels and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade service buildings.
-   The standard specifies how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used. But does not require certain criteria to be used. This is up to national regulations or individual project specifications.
-   The recommended criteria in this standard can also be used in national calculation methods, which may be different to the methods referred to here.
-   The standard does not prescribe design methods, but give input parameters to the design of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems
-   The standard does not include criteria for local discomfort factors like draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperatures.

-   This European Standard specifies the indoor environmental parameters which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings.
-   The standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations.
-   The standard specifies methods for long term evaluation of the indoor environment obtained as a result of calculations or measurements.
-   The standard specifies criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection.
-   The standard identifies parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings.
-   This standard is applicable mainly in non-industrial buildings where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. The standard is thus applicable to the following building types: single family houses, apartment buildings, offices, educational buildings, hospitals, hotels and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade service buildings.
-   The standard specifies how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used. But does not require certain criteria to be used. This is up to national regulations or individual project specifications.
-   The recommended criteria in this standard can also be used in national calculation methods, which may be different to the methods referred to here.
-   The standard does not prescribe design methods, but give input parameters to the design of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems.
The standard does not include criteria for local discomfort factors like draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperatures.

This European Standard describes the method to calculate the energy impact of ventilation systems (including airing) in buildings to be used for applications such as energy calculations, heat and cooling load calculation. Its purpose is to define how to calculate the characteristics (temperature, humidity) of the air entering the building, and the corresponding energies required for its treatment and the auxiliaries electrical energy required. This standard can also be used for air heating and cooling systems when they assure the provision of ventilation, considering that prEN 15243 will provide the required heating or cooling load and the corresponding air flows and/or air temperatures.

This European standard describe the method to calculate the ventilation air flow rates for buildings to be used for applications such as energy calculations, heat and cooling load calculation, summer comfort and indoor air quality evaluation.
The ventilation and air tightness requirements (as IAQ, heating and cooling, safety, fire protection…) are not part of the standard.
For these different applications, the same iterative method is used but the input parameter has to be selected according to the field of application. For specific applications a direct calculation is also defined in this standard. A simplified approach is also allowed at national level following prescribed rules of implementation.
The method is meant to be applied to :
-   Mechanically ventilated building (mechanical exhaust, mechanical supply or balanced system).
-   Passive ducts.
-   Hybrid system switching between mechanical and natural modes.
-   Windows opening by manual operation for airing or summer comfort issues.
Automatic windows (or openings) are not directly considered here.
Industry process ventilation is out of the scope.
Kitchen where cooking is for immediate use are part of the standards (including restaurants..)
Other Kitchens are not part of the standard
The standard is not directly applicable for buildings higher than 100m and rooms where vertical air temperature difference is higher than 15K
The results provided by the standard are the building envelope flows either through leakages or purpose provided openings and the air flows due to the ventilation system, taking into account the product and system characteristics.

The scope of this European Standard is
-   To define the procedure how the calculation methods to determine the temperatures, sensible loads and energy demands for the rooms shall be used in the design process.
-   To describe the calculation methods to determine the latent room cooling and heating load, the building heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification loads and the system heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification loads.
-   To define the general approach for the calculation of the overall energy performance of buildings with room conditioning systems
-   To describe one or more simplified calculation methods for the system energy requirements of specific system types, based on the building energy demand result from prEN ISO 13790, and to define their field of application.
A general framework standard is given which imposes an hourly calculation for all cases which cannot be covered by simplified methods, and gives requirements on what has to be taken into account. Input and output data are defined.
The target audience of this standard is twofold:
-   Designers of HVAC systems, which are given an overview of the design process with the relevant references to the different involved standards (Clauses 5 to 12)
-   Developers of regulations and tools, which find requirements for calculation procedures to be used for the energy requirements according to the EPBD (Clauses 13 and 14).
The idea followed by this standard is, that for the detailed approach one single calculation method is used for the different room related purposes such as room temperature calculation, room cooling and heating load calculation, and room energy calculation. This means, for the building type envisaged (buildings with room conditioning systems) it is an alternative to simplified calculation methods such as heating load according to EN 12831 and heating energy according to prEN ISO 13790.

This European Standard describes the method to calculate the energy impact of ventilation systems (including airing) in buildings to be used for applications such as energy calculations, heat and cooling load calculation.
Its purpose is to define how to calculate the characteristics (temperature, humidity) of the air entering the building, and the corresponding energies required for its treatment and the auxiliaries electrical energy required.
This standard can also be used for air heating and cooling systems when they assure the provision of ventilation, considering that prEN 15243 will provide the required heating or cooling load and the corresponding air flows and/or air temperatures.

This standard develops the methodology required for the inspection of mechanical and natural ventilation systems in relation to its energy consumption.
This standard applies to both residential and non residential buildings.
The inspection may include the following issues, in order to determine the energy performance of the building and its associated mechanical / electrical plant:
-   The system conformity related to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and the present building state.
-   Correct operation of the mechanical, electrical or pneumatic components.
-   Provision of an adequate and pure supply of ventilation air.
-   The functioning of all the controls involved.
-   Fan power absorbed and specific fan power.
-   Building air tightness.
It is not the intention of the standard to provide a full ventilation system audit. Its purpose is to assess its functioning and its impact on energy consumption. It includes recommendations on possible system improvements.
NOTE   The inspection, performed by an independent person to assess the system performance relating to energy consumption, is different from the maintenance that is performed to the owner’s requirements to maintain the optimum system performance.

This European Standard applies to the design and implementation of ventilation and room conditioning systems for non-residential buildings subject to human occupancy, excluding applications like industrial processes. It focuses on the definitions of the various parameters that are relevant for such systems.  
The guidance for design given in this standard and its annexes are mainly applicable to mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems, and the mechanical part of hybrid ventilation systems.
Applications for residential ventilation are not dealt with in this standard. Performance of ventilation systems in residential buildings are dealt with in CEN/TR 14788.
The classification uses different categories. For some values, examples are given and, for requirements, typical ranges with default values are presented. The default values given in this standard are not normative as such, and should be used where no other values are specified. Classification should always be appropriate to the type of building and its intended use, and the basis of the classification should be explained if the examples given in the standard are not to be used.
NOTE   Different standards may express the categories for the same parameters in a different way, and also the category symbols may be different.

This European Standard describes the common methodology for inspection of air conditioning systems in buildings for space cooling and or heating from an energy consumption standpoint. The inspection can consider for instance the following points to assess the energy performance and proper sizing of the system:
-   System conformity to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and the present state of the building.
-   Correct system functioning.
-   Function and settings of various controls.
-   Function and fitting of the various components.
-   Power input and the resulting energy output.
It is not intended that a full audit of the air conditioning system is carried out, but a correct assessment of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine any recommendations on improvement of the system or use of alternative solutions. National regulations and guidelines targeting energy efficiency and in line with the main objectives of this standard are also applicable.
NOTE   Provision of adequate ventilation and system balancing are dealt with in EN 15239.
The qualification of the persons or organisation responsible for inspections is not covered by this standard, but the requirements for inspections are covered.
The frequency of the mandatory inspection is defined on national level. Features affecting the frequency and duration of inspection are introduced in Annex C.

This European Standard specifies:
-   a structured list of Building Automation and Control System (BACS) and Technical Building Management (TBM) functions which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings;
-   a method to define minimum requirements regarding BACS and TBM functions to be implemented in buildings of different complexities;
-   a factor based method to get a first estimation of the impact of these functions on typical buildings;
-   detailed methods to assess the impact of these functions on a given building. These methods enable to introduce the impact of these functions in the calculations of energy performance ratings and indicators calculated by the relevant standards.
This European Standard is defined for:
-   building owners, architects or engineers, defining the functions to be implemented for a given new building or for the renovation of an existing building;
-   public authorities, defining minimum requirements for BACS and TBM functions for new buildings as well as for renovation, as defined in the relevant standard;
-   public authorities, defining inspection procedures of technical systems as well as inspectors applying these procedures to check if the level of BACS and TBM functions implemented is appropriate;
-   public authorities, defining calculation methods which take into account the impact of BACS and TBM functions on the energy performance of buildings as well as software developers implementing these calculation methods and designers using them;
-   designers, checking that the impact of all BACS and TBM functions are taken into account when assessing the energy performance of a building.

This document provides an outline of the calculation procedure for assessing the energy performance of buildings. It includes a list of the European standards, both existing and those that are being written, which together form the calculation methodology.

This European Standard specifies inspection procedures and optional measurement methods for the assessment of energy performance of existing boilers and heating systems.
Boiler types covered by this European Standard are:
-   boilers for heating, domestic hot water or both;
-   gas, liquid or solid fuel fired boilers.
Parts of heating systems covered by this European Standard are:
-   boilers, including generation control;
-   other generation devices;
-   domestic hot water production facilities;
-   heating distribution network, including associated components and controls;
-   heat emitters, including components and controls;
-   space heating control system;
-   storage and associated components;
-   domestic hot water control system.
This standard covers issues related to energy conservation and environmental performance.

This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs, for space heating generation by biomass combustion sub-systems (boilers) with stocking by hand, including control. This European Standard is also intended for the case of generation for both domestic hot water production and space heating. The case of generation only for domestic hot water production is treated in EN 15316-3-3.

This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the: - required inputs; - calculation method; - resulting outputs; for space heating generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers), including control. This European Standard is the general standard on generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers) If a combustion generation sub-system is within the scope of another specific part of the EN 15316 series (i.e. part 4.x), the latter shall be used. EXAMPLE Biomass combustion generation.

This European Standard covers heat pumps for space heating, heat pump water heaters (HPWH) and heat pumps with combined space heating and domestic hot water production in alternate or simultaneous operation, where the same heat pump delivers the heat to cover the space heating and domestic hot water heat requirement. The scope of this part is to standardise the: - required inputs, - calculation methods, - resulting outputs, for heat generation by the following heat pump systems, including control, for space heating and domestic hot water production: - electrically-driven vapour compression cycle (VCC) heat pumps, - combustion engine-driven vapour compression cycle heat pumps, - thermally-driven vapour absorption cycle (VAC) heat pumps, using combinations of heat source and heat distribution as listed in Table 1.

This standard provides a calculation method for the economical issues of heating systems and other systems that are involved in the energy demand and energy consumption of the building. This standard applies to all types of buildings.
The fundamental principles and terminology are explained in this standard.
The main items of the standard are:
-   definitions and structure of the types of costs, which shall be taken into account for calculation of the economical efficiency of saving options in buildings;
-   data needed for definition of costs related to systems under consideration;
-   calculation method(s);
-   expression of the result of the economic calculation;
-   informative annexes indicating default values of e.g. lifetime, costs for repair, costs for maintenance, in order to introduce default values for calculations.
This standard is part of the method for calculation of economic performance of energy saving options in buildings (e.g. insulation, better performing generators and distribution systems, efficient lighting, renewable sources, combined heat and power).
The scope of this specific part is to standardise:
-   required inputs;
-   calculation methods;
-   required outputs
for economic calculations of energy systems related to the energy performance of buildings.
NOTE:   Sensitivity of results increases with the number of parameters under consideration (e.g.lifetime, interest rates, development of different types of costs). The more parameters one changes when comparing different solutions, the more difficult it is to draw conclusions from the economic results of the calculations.
Economical results are closely related to the specific project under consideration, and no general conclusions should be drawn from any such results.

This standard is part of the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of the heat losses from the domestic hot water generation system and it defines the:
- inputs;
- outputs;
- calculation method.
This standard covers the domestic hot water requirements in all buildings.
The general approach to calculate energy consumptions and losses of domestic hot water systems is as follows:
- calculation of domestic hot water requirements of a dwelling, a zone or a building ( );
- calculation of heat losses due to the distribution or circulation of domestic hot water supplied ( );
- calculation of heat losses in hot water storage units ( ) and heat losses due to the production or generation ( ).
In order to be coherent with calculation methods for space heating systems, emission losses representing taps and control should be taken into account.

This standard is part of a set of standards covering methods for the calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for determining the domestic hot water requirements and the overall methodology for calculation of energy consumption and system efficiencies. This includes calculation of heat losses in the domestic hot water distribution system and in hot water storage units and calculation of energy inputs to the heat generation device producing the domestic hot water.
This standard covers the domestic hot water requirements in all buildings.
The general approach to calculate energy consumptions and losses of domestic hot water systems is as follows:
- calculation of domestic hot water requirements of a dwelling, a zone or a building ( );
- calculation of heat losses due to the distribution or circulation of domestic hot water supplied ( );
- calculation of heat losses in hot water storage units ( ) and heat losses due to the production or generation ( ).
In order to be coherent with calculation methods for space heating systems, emission losses representing taps and control should be taken into account.

This standard is part of a set of standards covering methods for the calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of heat losses from the domestic hot water distribution system and it defines the:
- inputs;
- outputs;
- calculation methods.
This standard covers the domestic hot water requirements in all buildings.
The general approach to calculate energy consumptions and losses of domestic hot water systems is as follows:
- calculation of domestic hot water requirements of a dwelling, a zone or a building ( );
- calculation of heat losses due to the distribution or circulation of domestic hot water supplied ( );
- calculation of heat losses in hot water storage units ( ) and heat losses due to the production or generation ( ).
In order to be coherent with calculation methods for space heating systems, emission losses representing taps and control should be taken into account.

This European Standard is part of a set of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise for photovoltaic systems:
-   required inputs;
-   calculation method;
-   resulting outputs.
The calculation method applies only to building integrated photovoltaic systems.
The calculation method does not take into account:
-   electrical storage;
-   PV/thermal photovoltaic systems.
The calculation method describes how to calculate the electricity production of photovoltaic systems.
Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by photovoltaic systems compared to other systems, are calculated according to prEN 15603.
Standards linked to photovoltaic systems are listed in Annex A.

This European Standard provides a methodology to calculate/estimate the system thermal loss of water based distribution systems for heating and the auxiliary energy demand, as well as the recoverable part of each. The actual recovered energy depends on the gain to loss ratio. Different levels of accuracy, corresponding to the needs of the user and the input data available at each design stage of the project, are provided in this European Standard by different calculation methods, i.e. a detailed calculation method, a simplified calculation method and a method based on tabulated values. The general method of calculation can be applied for any time-step (hour, day, month or year).
Pipework lengths for the heating of decentralised, non-domestic ventilation systems equipment are to be calculated in the same way as for water based heating systems. For centralised, non-domestic ventilation systems equipment, the length is to be specified in accordance with its location.
NOTE   It is possible to calculate the system thermal loss and auxiliary energy demand for cooling systems with the same calculation methods as shown in this European Standard. Specifically, determination of auxiliary energy demand is based on the same assumptions for efficiency of pumps, because the efficiency curve applied is an approximation for inline and external motors. It needs to be decided by the standardisation group of CEN, whether or not the extension for cooling systems should be made in this European Standard. This is also valid for distribution systems in HVAC (in ducts) and also for special liquids.

This European Standard is part of a set of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the method of assessing the energy performance of district heating and cooling systems and to define:
-   system borders;
-   required inputs;
-   calculation method;
-   resulting outputs.
The method applies to district heating and cooling systems and any other kind of combined production for space heating and/or cooling and/or domestic hot water purposes.
Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by district heating systems compared to other systems, are calculated according to prEN 15603.

This European Standard defines a method for calculation of the energy requirements, electricity production, thermal output and recoverable losses of building-integrated cogeneration units forming part of a heat generation system (space heating and domestic hot water) in a building. Such units are commonly known as micro- or small scale cogeneration, or micro- or small scale CHP.
The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the units, defined in product standards, and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the units as included in the technical building system.
The test of building-integrated cogeneration units for heating systems may be worked out in a national annex. As soon as European test methods are available these should be used.
NOTE   Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by cogeneration units compared to separate production of heat and consumption of electricity, are calculated according to prEN 15603. Indications about the savings calculations are given in informative Annex C.

This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The framework for the calculation is described in prEN 15603.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the:
-   required inputs,
-   calculation method,
-   required outputs,
for thermal solar systems (including control) for space heating, domestic hot water production and the combination of both.
The following typical thermal solar systems are considered:
-   domestic hot water systems characterized by EN 12976 (factory made) or ENV 12977 (custom built);
-   combisystems (for domestic hot water and space heating) characterized by ENV 12977 or the Direct Characterisation method developed in Task 26 ‘Solar Combisystems’ of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling programme;
-   space heating systems characterized by ENV 12977.

The scope of this European Standard is to standardise the required inputs, the outputs and the links (structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
The energy performance may be assessed either by values of the heat emission system efficiency or by values of the increased space temperatures due to heat emission system inefficiencies.
The method is based on an analysis of the following characteristics of a space heating emission system, including control:
-   non-uniform space temperature distribution;
-   heat emitters embedded in the building structure;
-   control accuracy of the indoor temperature.
The energy required by the emission system is calculated separately for thermal energy and electrical energy, in order to facilitate determination of the final energy and subsequently the corresponding primary energy according to other standards.

This European Standard specifies the structure for calculation of energy use for space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings. It standardises the required inputs and outputs for the calculations, in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
The calculation method facilitates the energy analysis of the different sub-systems of the heating system, including control (emission, distribution, storage, generation), through determination of the system energy losses and the system performance factors. This performance analysis permits the comparison between sub-systems and makes it possible to monitor the impact of each sub-system on the energy performance of the building.
Calculations of the system energy losses of each sub-system of the heating system are defined in subsequent standards (prEN 15316, parts 2-x, 3-x and 4-x). The system thermal losses, the recoverable system thermal losses and the auxiliary energy of the sub-systems of the heating system are summed up. The system thermal losses of the heating system contribute to the overall energy use in buildings (prEN 15603).
Ventilation systems are not included in this European Standard (e.g. balanced systems with heat recovery), but if the air is preheated or an air heating system is installed, system energy losses of these systems are covered by this European Standard.

This standard defines:
a)   Global indicators to express the energy performance of whole buildings, including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, domestic hot water and lighting systems. This includes the different possible indicators as well as a method to normalize them.
b)   Ways to express energy requirements for the design of new buildings or renovation of existing buildings.
c)   Procedures to define reference values and benchmarks
d)   Ways to design energy certification schemes including:

This European Standard applies to the design and implementation of ventilation and room conditioning systems for non-residential buildings subject to human occupancy, excluding applications like industrial processes. It focuses on the definitions of the various parameters that are relevant for such systems.  
The guidance for design given in this standard and its annexes are mainly applicable to mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems, and the mechanical part of hybrid ventilation systems.
Applications for residential ventilation are not dealt with in this standard. Performance of ventilation systems in residential buildings are dealt with in CEN/TR 14788.
The classification uses different categories. For some values, examples are given and, for requirements, typical ranges with default values are presented. The default values given in this standard are not normative as such, and should be used where no other values are specified. Classification should always be appropriate to the type of building and its intended use, and the basis of the classification should be explained if the examples given in the standard are not to be used.
NOTE   Different standards may express the categories for the same parameters in a different way, and also the category symbols may be different.

This document provides an outline of the calculation procedure for assessing the energy performance of buildings. It includes a list of the European standards, both existing and those that are being written, which together form the calculation methodology.

This European Standard specifies:
a)   overall indicators to express the energy performance of whole buildings, including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, domestic hot water and lighting systems. This includes different possible indicators;
b)   ways to express energy requirements for the design of new buildings or renovation of existing buildings;
c)   procedures to define reference values;
d)   ways to design a procedure for building energy certification.
The standard can be applied to a group of buildings, if they are on the same lot, if they are serviced by the same technical building systems and if no more than one of them has a conditioned area of more than
1 000 m2.
This European Standard provides different options at different levels. When this European Standard is used to set up national or regional methods for expressing energy performance and/or for energy certification of buildings, the choices between the options is not made by the individual user, but by authorized national or regional bodies.

This European Standard is part of a set of standards covering methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this European Standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for determining the energy needs for domestic hot water. This European Standard covers the domestic hot water needs in buildings.
The calculation of the energy needs for domestic hot water applies to a dwelling, a building or a zone of a building.
In order to be coherent with calculation methods for space heating systems, emission losses representing taps and control should be taken into account.

The scope of this European Standard is
-   To define the procedure how the calculation methods to determine the temperatures, sensible loads and energy demands for the rooms shall be used in the design process.
-   To describe the calculation methods to determine the latent room cooling and heating load, the building heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification loads and the system heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification loads.
-   To define the general approach for the calculation of the overall energy performance of buildings with room conditioning systems
-   To describe one or more simplified calculation methods for the system energy requirements of specific system types, based on the building energy demand result from prEN ISO 13790, and to define their field of application.
A general framework standard is given which imposes an hourly calculation for all cases which cannot be covered by simplified methods, and gives requirements on what has to be taken into account. Input and output data are defined.
The target audience of this standard is twofold:
-   Designers of HVAC systems, which are given an overview of the design process with the relevant references to the different involved standards (Clauses 5 to 12)
-   Developers of regulations and tools, which find requirements for calculation procedures to be used for the energy requirements according to the EPBD (Clauses 13 and 14).
The idea followed by this standard is, that for the detailed approach one single calculation method is used for the different room related purposes such as room temperature calculation, room cooling and heating load calculation, and room energy calculation. This means, for the building type envisaged (buildings with room conditioning systems) it is an alternative to simplified calculation methods such as heating load according to EN 12831 and heating energy according to prEN ISO 13790. This standard does not describe any detailed methods for the sensible room based

This European Standard describes the method to calculate the ventilation air flow rates for buildings to be used for applications such as energy calculations, heat and cooling load calculation, summer comfort and indoor air quality evaluation.
The ventilation and air tightness requirements (as IAQ, heating and cooling, safety, fire protection…) are not part of the standard.
For these different applications, the same iterative method is used but the input parameter should be selected according to the field of application. For specific applications a direct calculation is also defined in this standard. A simplified approach is also allowed at national level following prescribed rules of implementation.
The method is meant to be applied to:
-   Mechanically ventilated building (mechanical exhaust, mechanical supply or balanced system).
-   Passive ducts.
-   Hybrid system switching between mechanical and natural modes.
-   Windows opening by manual operation for airing or summer comfort issues.
Automatic windows (or openings) are not directly considered here.
Industry process ventilation is out of the scope.
Kitchens where cooking is for immediate use are part of the standards (including restaurants..)
Other kitchens are not part of the standard.
The standard is not directly applicable for buildings higher than 100 m and rooms where vertical air temperature difference is higher than 15K.
The results provided by the standard are the building envelope flows either through leakages or purpose provided openings and the air flows due to the ventilation system, taking into account the product and system characteristics.

This standard develops the methodology required for the inspection of mechanical and natural ventilation systems in relation to its energy consumption.
This standard applies to both residential and non residential buildings.
The inspection may include the following issues, in order to determine the energy performance of the building and its associated mechanical / electrical plant:
-   The system conformity related to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and the present building state.
-   Correct operation of the mechanical, electrical or pneumatic components.
-   Provision of an adequate and pure supply of ventilation air.
-   The functioning of all the controls involved.
-   Fan power absorbed and specific fan power.
-   Building air tightness.
It is not the intention of the standard to provide a full ventilation system audit. Its purpose is to assess its functioning and its impact on energy consumption. It includes recommendations on possible system improvements.
NOTE   The inspection, performed by an independent person to assess the system performance relating to energy consumption, is different from the maintenance that is performed to the owner’s requirements to maintain the optimum system performance.

This European Standard describes the common methodology for inspection of air conditioning systems in buildings for space cooling and or heating from an energy consumption standpoint. The inspection can consider for instance the following points to assess the energy performance and proper sizing of the system:
-   System conformity to the original and subsequent design modifications, actual requirements and the present state of the building.
-   Correct system functioning.
-   Function and settings of various controls.
-   Function and fitting of the various components.
-   Power input and the resulting energy output.
It is not intended that a full audit of the air conditioning system is carried out, but a correct assessment of its functioning and main impacts on energy consumption, and as a result determine any recommendations on improvement of the system or use of alternative solutions. National regulations and guidelines targeting energy efficiency and in line with the main objectives of this standard are also applicable.
NOTE   Provision of adequate ventilation and system balancing are dealt with in EN 15239.
The qualification of the persons or organisation responsible for inspections is not covered by this standard, but the requirements for inspections are covered.
The frequency of the mandatory inspection is defined on national level. Features affecting the frequency and duration of inspection are introduced in Annex C.

TC - Deletion of "commercial" in the title according to TC Resolution 510 from 2010-11-24 - Heating, cooling, ventilation and air conditioning - Others

This European Standard specifies the calculation methodology for the evaluation of the amount of energy used for indoor lighting inside the building and provides a numeric indicator for lighting energy requirements used for certification purposes. This European Standard can be used for existing buildings and for the design of new or renovated buildings. It also provides reference schemes to base the targets for energy allocated for lighting usage. This European Standard also provides a methodology for the calculation of instantaneous lighting energy use for the estimation of the total energy performance of the building. Parasitic powers not included in the luminaire are excluded. In this European Standard, the buildings are classified in the following categories: offices, education buildings, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail services and manufacturing factories. In some locations outside lighting may be fed with power from the building. This lighting may be used for illumination of the façade, open-air car park lighting, security lighting, garden lighting etc. These lighting systems may consume significant energy and if they are fed from the building, this load will not be included in the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator or into the values used for heating and cooling load estimate. If metering of the lighting load is employed, these loads may be included in the measured lighting energy.

This standard provides a calculation method for the economical issues of heating systems and other systems that are involved in the energy demand and energy consumption of the building. This standard applies to all types of buildings.
The fundamental principles and terminology are explained in this standard.
The main items of the standard are:
-   definitions and structure of the types of costs, which shall be taken into account for calculation of the economical efficiency of saving options in buildings;
-   data needed for definition of costs related to systems under consideration;
-   calculation method(s);
-   expression of the result of the economic calculation;
-   informative annexes indicating default values of e.g. lifetime, costs for repair, costs for maintenance, in order to introduce default values for calculations.
This standard is applicable to calculation of economic performance of energy saving options in buildings (e.g. insulation, better performing generators and distribution systems, efficient lighting, renewable sources, combined heat and power).
The scope of this standard is to standardise:
-   required inputs;
-   calculation methods;
-   required outputs
for economic calculations of energy systems related to the energy performance of buildings.
NOTE   Sensitivity of results increases with the number of parameters under consideration (e.g. lifetime, interest rates, development of different types of costs). The more parameters one changes when comparing different solutions, the more difficult it is to draw conclusions from the economic results of the calculations.
Economical results are closely related to the specific project under consideration, and no general conclusions should be drawn from any such results.

This European Standard specifies the calculation methodology for the evaluation of the amount of energy used for indoor lighting inside the building and provides a numeric indicator for lighting energy requirements used for certification purposes. This European Standard can be used for existing buildings and for the design of new or renovated buildings. It also provides reference schemes to base the targets for energy allocated for lighting usage. This European Standard also provides a methodology for the calculation of instantaneous lighting energy use for the estimation of the total energy performance of the building. Parasitic powers not included in the luminaire are excluded.
In this European Standard, the buildings are classified in the following categories: offices, education buildings, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail services and manufacturing factories.
In some locations outside lighting may be fed with power from the building. This lighting may be used for illumination of the façade, open-air car park lighting, security lighting, garden lighting etc. These lighting systems may consume significant energy and if they are fed from the building, this load will not be included in the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator or into the values used for heating and cooling load estimate. If metering of the lighting load is employed, these loads may be included in the measured lighting energy.

This European Standard describes the method to calculate the energy impact of ventilation systems (including airing) in buildings to be used for applications such as energy calculations, heat and cooling load calculation.
Its purpose is to define how to calculate the characteristics (temperature, humidity) of the air entering the building, and the corresponding energies required for its treatment and the auxiliaries electrical energy required.
This standard can also be used for air heating and cooling systems when they assure the provision of ventilation, considering that prEN 15243 will provide the required heating or cooling load and the corresponding air flows and/or air temperatures.

This European Standard specifies:
   a structured list of Building Automation and Control System (BACS) and Technical Building Management (TBM) functions which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings;
   a method to define minimum requirements regarding BACS and TBM functions to be implemented in buildings of different complexities;
   a factor based method to get a first estimation of the impact of these functions on typical buildings;
   detailed methods to assess the impact of these functions on a given building. These methods enable to introduce the impact of these functions in the calculations of energy performance ratings and indicators calculated by the relevant standards.
This European Standard is defined for:
   building owners, architects or engineers, defining the functions to be implemented for a given new building or for the renovation of an existing building;
   public authorities, defining minimum requirements for BACS and TBM functions for new buildings as well as for renovation, as defined in the relevant standard;
   public authorities, defining inspection procedures of technical systems as well as inspectors applying these procedures to check if the level of BACS and TBM functions implemented is appropriate;
   public authorities, defining calculation methods which take into account the impact of BACS and TBM functions on the energy performance of buildings as well as software developers implementing these calculation methods and designers using them;
   designers, checking that the impact of all BACS and TBM functions are taken into account when assessing the energy performance of a building.

Die vorliegende Europäische Norm ist Teil einer Normenreihe zu Verfahren zur Berechnung der
Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade von Anlagen für die Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmung.
Der Anwendungsbereich dieses vorliegenden Teils dient zur Normung
⎯ der erforderlichen Eingaben,
⎯ des Berechnungsverfahrens,
⎯ der erforderlichen Ausgaben,
für die Wärmeerzeugung durch Biomassewärmeerzeuger (Kessel) mit manueller Beschickung, einschließlich
Regeleinrichtung.
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm ist sowohl für die Wärmeerzeugung für die Trinkwassererwärmung als
auch für die Raumheizung vorgesehen.

This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the:
   required inputs;
   calculation method;
   resulting outputs;
for space heating generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers), including control.
This European Standard is the general standard on generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers). If a combustion generation sub-system is within the scope of another specific part of the EN 15316 series (i.e. part 4.x), the latter shall be used.
EXAMPLE   Biomass combustion generation sub-systems are within the scope of prEN 15316-4-7.
This European Standard is also intended for the case of generation for both domestic hot water production and space heating. The case of generation only for domestic hot water production is treated in EN 15316-3-3.

This European Standard is part of a set of standards covering the methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of:
-   thermal losses from the domestic hot water generation system;
-   recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the domestic hot water generation system;
-   auxiliary energy of the domestic hot water generation systems.
These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to prEN 15603 and
EN 15316-1.
This European Standard specifies the:
-   inputs;
-   calculation methods;
outputs.

This European Standard is part of a set of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.
The scope of this specific part is to standardise the method of assessing the energy performance of district heating and cooling systems and to define:
-   system borders;
-   required inputs;
-   calculation method;
-   resulting outputs.
The method applies to district heating and cooling systems and any other kind of combined production for space heating and/or cooling and/or domestic hot water purposes.
Primary energy savings and CO2 savings, which can be achieved by district heating systems compared to other systems, are calculated according to prEN 15603.

This European Standard specifies inspection procedures and optional measurement methods for the assessment of energy performance of existing boilers and heating systems.
Boiler types covered by this European Standard are:
   boilers for heating, domestic hot water or both;
   gas, liquid or solid fuel fired boilers.
Parts of heating systems covered by this European Standard are:
   boilers, including generation control;
   other generation devices;
   domestic hot water production facilities;
   heating distribution network, including associated components and controls;
   heat emitters, including components and controls;
   space heating control system;
   storage and associated components;
   domestic hot water control system.
This standard covers issues related to energy conservation and environmental performance.