SIST EN 15316-4-3:2007

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systemsSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et d'efficacité des systemes - Partie 2-2-3 : Systemes de génération de chauffage des locaux - Systemes solaires thermiquesHeizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-3: Wärmeerzeugungssysteme, thermische SolaranlagenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-4-3:2007SIST EN 15316-4-3:2007en91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-4-3:200701-november-2007







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15316-4-3July 2007ICS 91.140.10 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-3: Heatgeneration systems, thermal solar systemsSystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements dessystèmes - Partie 4-3 : Systèmes de génération de chaleur,systèmes solaires thermiquesHeizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung derEnergieanforderungen und Wirkungsgrade von Systemen -Teil 4-3: Wärmeerzeugungssysteme ThermischeSolaranlagenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15316-4-3:2007: E



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Symbols and abbreviations.10 5 Principle of the method.11 5.1 Building heat requirements influence the energy performance of a thermal solar system.11 5.2 The thermal solar system influences the energy performance of the building.12 5.3 Performance of the thermal solar system.12 5.4 Heat balance of the heat generation sub-system, including control.12 5.5 Auxiliary energy.16 5.6 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable thermal losses.16 5.7 Calculation periods.16 6 Thermal solar system calculation.16 6.1 Calculation procedures.16 6.2 Method A - using system data (results from system tests).17 6.2.1 General.17 6.2.2 Definition of heat use applied to the thermal solar system.17 6.2.3 Output from thermal solar system.18 6.2.4 Auxiliary energy consumption of thermal solar system auxiliaries.20 6.2.5 System thermal losses.20 6.2.6 Recoverable losses.20 6.3 Method B - using component data (results from component tests).20 6.3.1 General.20 6.3.2 Definition of heat use applied to the thermal solar system.21 6.3.3 Output from thermal solar system.22 6.3.4 Auxiliary energy consumption of thermal solar system auxiliaries.25 6.3.5 System thermal losses.25 6.3.6 Recoverable losses.26 6.3.7 Determination of reduced operation time of non-solar heat generator(s).27 Annex A (informative)
Examples on determination of thermal performance of thermal solar systems.28 A.1 General.28 A.2 Solar domestic hot water preheat system.28 A.2.1 General.28 A.2.2 Determination of the heat use to be applied.29 A.2.3 Determination of system data.29 A.2.4 Determination of X, Y and thermal solar system output.29 A.2.5 Determination of the auxiliary energy consumption.30 A.2.6 Determination of the thermal losses of the thermal solar system.30 A.2.7 Determination of the recoverable losses of the thermal solar system.30 A.3 Solar combisystem.31 A.3.1 General.31 A.3.2 Determination of the heat use.31 A.3.3 Determination of system data.32 A.3.4 Determination of X, Y and thermal solar system output.32 A.3.5 Determination of the auxiliary energy consumption.33



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 3 A.3.6 Determination of the thermal losses of the thermal solar system.34 A.3.7 Determination of the recoverable losses of the thermal solar system.34 A.3.8 Determination of the reduction of auxiliary energy consumption of the back-up heater.35 Annex B (informative)
Informative values for use in the calculation methods.36 B.1 System type coefficients.36 B.2 Thermal solar system default values.36 B.2.1 General.36 B.2.2 Typical values.37 B.2.3 Penalty values.38 B.3 Storage tank capacity correction coefficient fst.38 B.4 Reference temperature θθθθref.39 B.5 Solar irradiance on the collector plane and incidence angle modifier.40 B.6 Thermal losses of the solar storage tank.41 B.7 Thermal losses of the distribution between the thermal solar system and the back-up heater.41 B.8 Recoverable part of system losses.41 Annex C (informative)
Product classification.42 C.1 Solar collectors.42 C.2 Solar hot water heaters.42 C.3 Storage tanks.42 Annex D (informative)
Savings calculation.44 Bibliography.45



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15316-4-3:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:  design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);  installation of heating systems;  commissioning of heating systems;  instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;  methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;  methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 5 Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard presents methods for calculation of the thermal solar system input for space heating and/or domestic hot water requirements and the thermal losses and auxiliary energy consumption of the thermal solar system. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system. This method can be used for the following applications:  judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets;  optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat generation system, by applying the method to several possible options;  assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat generation system, by calculating the energy use with and without the energy conservation measure – i.e. the energy savings of a thermal solar system is determined by the difference in the calculated energy performance of the building with and without the thermal solar system. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard.



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The framework for the calculation is described in prEN 15603. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the:  required inputs,  calculation method,  required outputs, for thermal solar systems (including control) for space heating, domestic hot water production and the combination of both. The following typical thermal solar systems are considered:  domestic hot water systems characterized by EN 12976 (factory made) or ENV 12977 (custom built);  combisystems (for domestic hot water and space heating) characterized by ENV 12977 or the Direct Characterisation method developed in Task 26 ‘Solar Combisystems’ of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling programme;  space heating systems characterized by ENV 12977.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12976-2, Thermal solar systems and components — Factory made systems — Part 2: Test methods EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1 aperture area solar collector maximum projected area through which un-concentrated solar radiation enters the collector 3.2 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation.



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 8 NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488, the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy". 3.3 back-up energy source of heat, other than solar, used to supplement the output provided by the thermal solar system NOTE In EN ISO 9488, the back-up energy is called auxiliary energy. 3.4 collector loop circuit, including collectors, pump or fan, pipework and heat exchanger (if present), which is used to transfer heat from the collectors to the heat storage device 3.5 forced-circulation system system which utilizes a pump or a fan to circulate the heat transfer fluid through the collector(s) 3.6 heat use for space heating and/or domestic hot water heat input to the space heating system and/or the domestic hot water system to satisfy the energy needs for space heating and/or domestic hot water, respectively NOTE 1 If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. space heating and domestic hot water) it can be difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy use for space heating and domestic hot water). NOTE 2 The heat use for space heating and/or domestic hot water is the sum of the energy needs and the system thermal losses of the space heating system and/or the domestic hot water system minus the recovered system thermal losses at the system boundary. 3.7 recoverable system thermal loss part of the system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.8 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.9 solar collector device designed to absorb solar radiation and to transfer the thermal energy so produced to a fluid passing through 3.10 solar combisystem thermal solar system delivering energy to both domestic hot water and space heating 3.11 solar domestic hot water (DHW) system thermal solar system delivering energy to domestic hot water 3.12 solar fraction energy supplied by the solar part of a system divided by the total system heat use (without the generation system losses)



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 9 3.13 solar preheat system thermal solar system to preheat water prior to its entry into any other type of water heater 3.14 solar space heating (SH) system thermal solar system delivering energy to space heating 3.15 solar-only system thermal solar system without any back-up heat source NOTE In EN ISO 9488, the back-up energy is called "auxiliary energy". 3.16 solar-plus-supplementary system thermal solar system which utilizes both solar and auxiliary energy sources in an integrated way and is able to provide a specified heating service independent of solar energy availability 3.17 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, or ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE A system thermal loss can become an internal heat gain for the building if it is recoverable. 3.18 technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission) 3.19 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed by sub-systems NOTE A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, heating and domestic hot water system). 3.20 thermal solar system system composed of solar collectors and other components for the delivery of thermal energy 3.21 thermosiphon system system which utilizes only density changes of the heat transfer fluid to achieve circulation between collector and storage device or collector and heat exchanger 3.22 zero-loss collector efficiency efficiency of the collector, when the collector mean fluid temperature is equal to the ambient temperature NOTE When using data from EN 12975 and EN 12976 test reports for the calculations described in this European Standard, one needs to be careful to use the right values, as these test reports use the definitions according to ISO.



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 10 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
A collector aperture area m² AC* effective collector loop area m² a1 heat loss coefficient of solar collector W/(m²·K) a2 temperature dependence of the heat loss coefficient W/(m²·K2) a, b, c,d,e,f correlation factors - CS heat capacity of the storage tank MJ/K E solar irradiation in a tilted plane kWh/m² faux fraction of the storage tank volume used for back-up heating - fsol solar fraction % fst storage tank capacity correction factor - I solar irradiance on the collector plane W/m² IAM collector incidence angle modifier - P power W Q quantity of heat kWh S
savings
t time, period of time hours U heat loss coefficient W/(m²·K) UC* effective collector heat loss coefficient
(related to effective collector aperture area) W/(m²·K) V volume litres W auxiliary (electrical) energy kWh x, y dimensionless factors - ∆Τ reference temperature difference K θa average ambient air temperature over the considered period °C θcw mains water temperature °C θe outside air temperature over the considered period °C η efficiency factor -



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 11 Table 2 — Indices 0 base reference nom nominal a air nrbl non recoverable an annual nrvd non recovered aux auxiliary out output from system avg average p pump bu back up par performance indicator (Qpar) cw cold water rbl recoverable d performance indicator (Qd) ref reference dis distribution rvd recovered e external set point set point H space heating sol solar in input to system St storage int internal Tot total loop collector loop us use ls losses W domestic hot water m monthly
5 Principle of the method 5.1 Building heat requirements influence the energy performance of a thermal solar system The performance of a thermal solar system depends on the thermal use applied to the system. The thermal use applied to the thermal solar system is the heat requirements of the building, including the energy needs, the thermal losses from the emission systems (emitters) and the thermal losses from the distribution systems (pumps and pipes). In general, the higher the total thermal use applied to the thermal solar system is, the higher is the output of the thermal solar system. Therefore, before starting determination of the system output, it is necessary to know the energy use applied to the thermal solar system: Energy use applied for the space heating system:  required space heating needs (see EN ISO 13790);  thermal losses from space heating emission (see EN 15316-2-1);  thermal losses from space heating distribution (see EN 15316-2-3). Energy use applied for the domestic hot water system:  required energy for domestic hot water needs, including emission losses (see prEN 15316-3-1);  thermal losses from domestic hot water distribution (see prEN 15316-3-2).



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 12 5.2 The thermal solar system influences the energy performance of the building The influence of a thermal solar system on the energy performance of a building comprises:  heat output of the thermal solar system to the distribution systems (for space heating and/or for domestic hot water), thus reducing the buildings consumption of other (e.g. conventionally generated) heat;  recovered losses from the thermal solar system used for space heating, thus reducing the buildings consumption of heat for space heating;  electricity to be supplied to the thermal solar system, thus increasing the buildings consumption of electricity;  reduction of operation time of the conventional heating generator. In some cases, the conventional back-up heater can be turned off during summer, thus reducing stand-by thermal losses and auxiliary electricity consumption. 5.3 Performance of the thermal solar system The performance of the thermal solar system is determined by the following parameters:  product characteristics according to product standards: System performance indicators (annual back-up energy, solar fraction and annual auxiliary energy) or collector parameters (collector aperture area, zero-loss efficiency, heat loss coefficients etc.);  storage tank parameters (type of storage tank, size etc.);  collector loop thermal losses and thermal losses of the distribution between storage tank and back-up heater (length, insulation, efficiency etc.);  control of the system (temperature difference, temperature set points etc.);  climate conditions (solar irradiation, outdoor air temperature etc.);  auxiliary energy of the solar collector pump and control units;  heat use of the space heating distribution system;  heat use of the domestic hot water distribution system (or solar combisystem). 5.4 Heat balance of the heat generation sub-system, including control In order to respect the general structure of the system loss calculation, the performance of the thermal solar sub-system shall be characterised by the following input data:  type and characteristics of the thermal solar system;  location of the thermal solar system;  type of control system;  heat use. This European Standard requires input data according to other parts of this standard (see EN 15316-1 and prEN 15603).



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 13 Based on these data, the following output data are calculated in the thermal solar sub-system module:  heat delivered by the thermal solar system;  thermal losses of the solar storage tank;  auxiliary energy consumption of pump and control equipment in the collector loop;  recoverable and recovered auxiliary energy;  recoverable and recovered thermal losses of the solar storage tank. Heat balances of thermal solar systems are given in Figure 1 and Figure 2.



EN 15316-4-3:2007 (E) 14
Key T thermal solar system Esol,in incident solar energy on th
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