59.100.01 - Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general
ICS 59.100.01 Details
Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general
Materialien fur die Verstarkung von Schichtstoffen im allgemeinen
Matériaux pour le renforcement des composites en général
Materiali za ojačitev kompozitov na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 59.100.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 45 standards classified under ICS 59.100.01 (Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial bearing/bypass interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by either double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A) or single-shear tensile or compressive loading (Procedure B) of a two-fastener specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. Test methods for high bypass - low bearing response of polymer matrix composite materials, previously published under Procedure C of this test method, are now published in Test Method D8387/D8387M.
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of Composite Materials Handbook, CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing/bypass interaction response test method.
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those in Test Method D5961/D5961M as well as those used by industry to investigate the bearing portion of the bearing/bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Should the test specimen fail in a bearing failure mode rather than the desired bypass mode, then the test should be considered to be a bearing dominated bearing/bypass test, and the data reduction and reporting procedures of Test Method D5961/D5961M should be used instead of those given in this test method.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document provides characteristics and requirements to create specifications of fabrics woven from yarns (including single yarns, multiple-wound yarns, plied yarns, cabled yarns and rovings) made from textile glass, carbon or aramid and generally used for plastics reinforcements. This document does not cover all requirements for some specialized applications.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in a laboratory setting.
5.2 This test method is used to evaluate the plateau force Ppl that an FRP composite can bear before complete debonding from a concrete prism.
5.3 The evaluation of the plateau force is intended to be made under consistent environmental conditioning and the tests conducted in ambient laboratory or otherwise consistent environmental conditions.
5.4 This test can be used to determine the effective bond length leff of the FRP composite if different bonded lengths are tested with constant bonded width. The effective bond length leff is defined as the minimum bonded length necessary to achieve the bond capacity Ppl for the width of FRP tested.
5.5 This test can be used to determine the variation of the bond capacity with the bonded width bf if different bonded widths are tested while the bonded length is constant and greater than the effective bond length leff.
5.6 This test is used to obtain the plot of the applied force versus loaded end (or global) slip of the composite with respect to the substrate. The loaded end slip is the average of two linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) readings, as described in 7.6. The plot obtained is used to determine the bond properties of the system.
5.7 This test method can also serve as a means for uniformly preparing and testing standard specimens suitable for being subject to environmental conditioning and subsequently used to evaluate FRP-bonded-to-concrete system performance, and evaluating and reporting the results. The comparison of results from this test method conducted on identical specimens subject to different environmental conditioning protocols can be used to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on the bond performance of FRP systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure to evaluate the lap shear bond properties of wet lay-up or shop-fabricated (for example, pultruded) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems adhesively applied to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the plateau force that an FRP system can bear before complete debonding from a concrete prism tested using a direct single-lap shear test. This plateau force is reported as bond capacity and may be different from the maximum applied force. The plateau force is then used to determine the interfacial fracture energy and the cohesive material law.
1.2 This test method is not intended for job approval or for product qualification purposes unless an external agency adopts the test method for those purposes.
1.3 This test method is intended for use with adhesive-applied or wet lay-up FRP systems and is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP composite, although the test condition only considers forces in the direction parallel to the prism longitudinal axis.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier...
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ISO 10122:2014 provides a basis for specifications applicable to tubular braided sleeves used as reinforcements in plastics. It deals with tubular sleeves braided from all types of yarn or roving.
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ISO 1043-2:2011 specifies uniform symbols for terms referring to fillers and reinforcing materials. It includes only those symbols that have come into established use, and its main aim is both to prevent the occurrence of more than one symbol for a given filler or reinforcing material and to prevent a given symbol being interpreted in more than one way.
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ISO 4602:2010 specifies two methods of determining the number of yarns per unit length of warp and weft of woven textile-reinforcement fabrics made of glass, carbon, aramid or any other (textile-diameter) reinforcement fibre.
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ISO 1899:2009 specifies a method for the determination of the linear density of glass-fibre, carbon-fibre, aramid-fibre and any other reinforcement-fibre yarns.
It is applicable to all types of yarn, including single yarns, double and cabled yarns, textured yarns, rovings and staple-fibre yarns.
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ISO 1890:2009 specifies a method for the determination of twist in yarns made from textile glass, carbon, aramid or any other reinforcement fibres.
The method applies to single yarns (one twist) and to folded or cabled yarns (two or more twists). For folded and cabled yarns, the method is generally applied only to the final twist step.
The International Standard is applicable to package-wound yarns. If the measurement is carried out on yarns taken from a beam (or warp) or from a fabric, the result is of an indicative nature only.
The method is not applicable to products made from staple fibres.
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ISO 1899:2009 specifies a method for the determination of the linear density of glass-fibre, carbon-fibre, aramid-fibre and any other reinforcement-fibre yarns.
It is applicable to all types of yarn, including single yarns, double and cabled yarns, textured yarns, rovings and staple-fibre yarns.
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ISO 1890:2009 specifies a method for the determination of twist in yarns made from textile glass, carbon, aramid or any other reinforcement fibres.
The method applies to single yarns (one twist) and to folded or cabled yarns (two or more twists). For folded and cabled yarns, the method is generally applied only to the final twist step.
The International Standard is applicable to package-wound yarns. If the measurement is carried out on yarns taken from a beam (or warp) or from a fabric, the result is of an indicative nature only.
The method is not applicable to products made from staple fibres.
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ISO 1899:2009 specifies a method for the determination of the linear density of glass-fibre, carbon-fibre, aramid-fibre and any other reinforcement-fibre yarns. It is applicable to all types of yarn, including single yarns, double and cabled yarns, textured yarns, rovings and staple-fibre yarns.
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ISO 1890:2009 specifies a method for the determination of twist in yarns made from textile glass, carbon, aramid or any other reinforcement fibres. The method applies to single yarns (one twist) and to folded or cabled yarns (two or more twists). For folded and cabled yarns, the method is generally applied only to the final twist step. The International Standard is applicable to package-wound yarns. If the measurement is carried out on yarns taken from a beam (or warp) or from a fabric, the result is of an indicative nature only. The method is not applicable to products made from staple fibres.
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1.1 This Part 1 of EN 13417 establishes a method of designation for woven fabrics which may be used as a basis for specifications of fabrics used for the reinforcement of plastics.
1.2 This designation system applies to fabrics made from para-aramid, carbon, glass, polyethylene, polyester and ceramic fibre in the form of single yarns, plied yarns, cabled yarns, textured yarns, rovings, tows, etc. and which are intended to provide reinforcement in plastic composite materials.
The material used may be used on its own or in combination (hybrids).
1.3 The designation of a fabric is structured in a product hierarchy which includes several levels which determine families and sub-families of fabrics.
It is not intended that this hierarchy takes into account all the attributes of individual fabrics which may use different yarn types or different yarn counts. Neither is it intended to imply that woven fabrics having the same designation give necessarily the same performance.
This Part 1 of EN 13417 does not give engineering data, performance data or data which may be required to specify woven fabrics for a particular application or method of processing.
If such additional properties are required they shall be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in EN 13417-2.
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1.1 This Part 3 of EN 13417 defines a specification for woven fabrics made from continuous filament reinforcement yarns, tows and rovings, which may be used as the basis for specifications.
The specification defines those parameters which shall be specified plus other parameters which may be specified if required for a particular application or processing method.
1.2 The specification does not define absolute or nominal values for any parameter. The value of a specified parameter is to be defined by the manufacturer but this specification defines the method of test to be used to determine the value of each specified parameter and the tolerance about which the parameter shall be controlled by the manufacturer.
1.3 The parameters which shall always be defined in any woven reinforcement fabric specification are defined in 4.1. In 4.2 the manufacturer shall define other obligatory information to be included in the specification. Other parameters can be included in the specification by agreement between manufacture and customer. These parameters are defined in clause 4.3.
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1.1 This Part 2 of EN 13417 defines the test methods to be used to determine the designated and specified properties given in Parts 1 & 3 respectively.
1.2 This Part 2 of EN 13417 defines the general requirements applicable to the specification of all types of woven fabrics falling within the scope of this specification as defined in Part 1 of the standard.
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1.1 This Part 3 of EN 13417 defines a specification for woven fabrics made from continuous filament reinforcement yarns, tows and rovings, which may be used as the basis for specifications.
The specification defines those parameters which shall be specified plus other parameters which may be specified if required for a particular application or processing method.
1.2 The specification does not define absolute or nominal values for any parameter. The value of a specified parameter is to be defined by the manufacturer but this specification defines the method of test to be used to determine the value of each specified parameter and the tolerance about which the parameter shall be controlled by the manufacturer.
1.3 The parameters which shall always be defined in any woven reinforcement fabric specification are defined in 4.1. In 4.2 the manufacturer shall define other obligatory information to be included in the specification. Other parameters can be included in the specification by agreement between manufacture and customer. These parameters are defined in clause 4.3.
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1.1 This Part 2 of EN 13417 defines the test methods to be used to determine the designated and specified properties given in Parts 1 & 3 respectively.
1.2 This Part 2 of EN 13417 defines the general requirements applicable to the specification of all types of woven fabrics falling within the scope of this specification as defined in Part 1 of the standard.
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1.1 This Part 1 of EN 13417 establishes a method of designation for woven fabrics which may be used as a basis for specifications of fabrics used for the reinforcement of plastics.
1.2 This designation system applies to fabrics made from para-aramid, carbon, glass, polyethylene, polyester and ceramic fibre in the form of single yarns, plied yarns, cabled yarns, textured yarns, rovings, tows, etc. and which are intended to provide reinforcement in plastic composite materials.
The material used may be used on its own or in combination (hybrids).
1.3 The designation of a fabric is structured in a product hierarchy which includes several levels which determine families and sub-families of fabrics.
It is not intended that this hierarchy takes into account all the attributes of individual fabrics which may use different yarn types or different yarn counts. Neither is it intended to imply that woven fabrics having the same designation give necessarily the same performance.
This Part 1 of EN 13417 does not give engineering data, performance data or data which may be required to specify woven fabrics for a particular application or method of processing.
If such additional properties are required they shall be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in EN 13417-2.
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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the moisture content of reinfrocements products, such as continuous filament yarn, staple fibre yarn, rovings, chopped strands, mats, fabrics and other forms of reinforcements made form textile glass, carbon or aramid fibres.
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Applies to tapes braided from all types of yarn or roving used as reinforcements in plastics. Deals with designation, characteristics to be specified, defects, sampling and selection of test pieces, test methods, packaging and ordering.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Single Test Cord— Adhesive treating of cords singly or adhesive treating individual ends simultaneously (referred to as “multi-cord treating” as opposed to “fabric treating”) and winding the cords as single ends is the most common laboratory method of preparing reinforcement materials for evaluation in reinforced rubber articles such as tires, belts, and hoses. This system of adhesive treating facilitates the study of a large number of adhesion variables at minimum cost. This test method provides a good comparison of variables on adhesion because it produces both an average numerical value of peel force over several linear centimetres of cord and provides convenient specimens for assessing appearance (see 11.3) of the peeled area as well. It may be used for purchase specification requirements for adhesive treated cords, steel tire cord, adhesives, rubber compounds, or manufacturing control of such products.
Preparation of weftless fabric from single cord is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire cord fabric because single cords of long length cannot be conveniently obtained from fabric for drumwinding. See 5.2.2.
This test method is usually not preferred for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of adhesive treated cord, such as single end cord for hose. The more usual and convenient method for acceptance testing of such single cords is to prepare from a shipment a test piece or article in the same manner as the commercial article to be produced and to test cord-adhesion characteristics in this piece in a manner that compares its adhesion characteristics against a previously established, acceptable control. “H” and“ U” tests (Test Methods ) provide convenient and rapid adhesion results for acceptance testing of textile cords if needed. For steel cord, Test Method D2229 provides convenient and rapid adhesion results.
Using Woven Fabric—The woven fabric method of 4.2-4.4 is often chosen for rapid adhesion testing of textile w...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peel adhesion of reinforcing fabrics that are bonded to rubber compounds. It is applicable to either woven or parallel cord textile structures from both natural and manmade fibers and to parallel steel cord structures.
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords and tire cord fabrics, including steel tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate tire cord adhesives (fabric dip), metallic (usually brass) coatings on steel cord, and the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord or fabric and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords and fabrics in industrial hose and belting products and other cord or fabric reinforced rubber products.
1.3 Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords or reinforcing fabrics, rubber type, rubber cure, rubber thickness, and cord spacing.
1.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to rubber embedment.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard..
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN ...
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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): TC would like to go in // but ISO has already done its DIS. Their FDIS is almost ++ ready. CEN/TC 249 has to submit ISO 1043-2 to UAP upon its publication (TA/0005)
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This European Standard specified a method for the determination of the linear density of textile glass, carbon fibre and aramid fibre. It is applicable to all yarns including singles yarns, doubled and cabled, textured yarns, rovings and staple fibre yarns.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of twist in continuous filaments yarns made with textile glass, carbon or aramid. This method is not applicable to products made form staple fibres. For yarns without twist or with twist less than 10 T/m modified equipment is to be used in order to obtain the required precision (see paragraph 5.1).
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Provides a basis for a specification applicable to fabrics woven from yarn made from textile glass, carbon or aramid and generally used for plastics reinforcements. Replaces the first edition.
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Provides a basis for specifications applicable to tubular braided sleeves used as reinforcements in plastics. Deals with tubular sleeves braided from all types of yarn or roving.
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Designed for received batches. The choice of sampling plan and the extent of sampling depends on the knowledge of the product acquired by the customer. Specifies two methods and includes tables with acceptance and rejection criteria based on a given number of acceptable quality levels (AQLs). Defines the inspection by qualitative characteristics (attributes) and the inspection by measurements (variables). The document describes the choice of sampling plan, gives information on the severity of inspection and points out to what should be agreed upon between manufacturer and customer before carrying out an inspection. Cancels and replaces the second edition ISO 1886:1980, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
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