11.120.01 - Pharmaceutics in general
ICS 11.120.01 Details
Pharmaceutics in general
Pharmazie im allgemeinen
Pharmacie en general
Farmacija na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 11.120.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Pharmaceutics in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 88 standards classified under ICS 11.120.01 (Pharmaceutics in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the application of simplified accelerated stress simulation methods for stress tests of finished products, used in and as Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Testing for stability or degradation under the influence of daylight or sunlight is outside the scope of this document.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a framework and context for process understanding for pharmaceutical manufacturing using the principles of quality by design (QbD) (Juran, 1992;2 ICH Q8). The framework is applicable to both drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP) manufacturing. High (detailed) level process understanding can be used to facilitate production of product which consistently meets required specifications. It can also play a key role in continual process improvement efforts.
1.2 Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is one element that can be used for achieving control over those inputs determined to be critical to a process. It is important for the reader to recognize that PAT is defined as:
“…a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements (i.e., during processing) of critical quality and performance attributes of raw and in process materials and processes, with the goal of ensuring final product quality. It is important to note that the term analytical in PAT is viewed broadly to include chemical, physical, microbiological, mathematical, and risk analysis conducted in an integrated manner. The goal of PAT is to enhance understanding and control the manufacturing process…” (USFDA PAT)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies performance requirements and methods of test for non-reclosable packaging that have been designated child-resistant. This document is intended for type approval only (see 3.5) and is not intended for quality assurance purposes.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These methods are intended to determine whether a material, product, or part of a product has the degree of radiopacity desired for its application as a medical device in the human body. This method allows for comparison with or without the use of a body mimic. Comparisons without the use of a body mimic should be used with caution as the relative radiopacity can be affected when imaging through the human body.
5.2 These methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation in different comparative situations.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the radiopacity of materials and products utilizing X-ray based techniques, including fluoroscopy, angiography, CT (computed tomography), and DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), also known as DXA, The results of these measurements are an indication of the likelihood of locating the product within the human body.
1.2 Radiopacity is determined by (a) qualitatively comparing image(s) of a test specimen and a user-defined standard, with or without the use of a body mimic; or (b) quantitatively determining the specific difference in optical density or pixel intensity between the image of a test specimen and the image of a user-defined standard, with or without the use of a body mimic.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers terminology used by the E55 Committee relating to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry for manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products. Terms that are generally understood and in common usage or adequately defined in other readily available references are not included except where particular delineation to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing may be more clearly stated.
1.2 This terminology is, therefore, intended to be selective of terms used generally in the manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products and published in a number of documents such as those listed in the succeeding section. The listing is also intended to define terms that appear prominently within other related ASTM International standards and do not appear elsewhere.
1.3 The definitions are substantially identical to those published by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (Japan), other and national competent authorities (human) as well as other authoritative bodies, such as ICH, ISO, and national standards organizations.
1.4 This terminology supplements current documents on terminology that concentrate on the manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products.
1.5 An increasing number of product designations and designations for chemical, physical, mechanical, analytical, and statistical tests and standards are coming into common usage in the literature, regulatory environment, and commerce associated with the manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Although some CM is used in the pharmaceutical industry (for example, purified water production), and some processes are inherently continuous individual unit operations (such as dry granulation and compression), these operations are generally operated in isolation and do not deliver the potential benefits of an integrated CM operation. The FDA Guidance for Industry PAT document specifically identifies that the introduction of continuous processing (now redefined as CM) may be one of the outcomes from the adoption of a science-based approach to process design.
4.2 This guide does not:
4.2.1 Suggest that CM is suitable for the manufacture of all pharmaceutical products.
4.2.2 Provide guidance on issues related to the safe operation of a CM process or continuous processing equipment. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.3 Recommend particular designs or operating regimes for CM.
4.3 Appendix X1 includes a table comparing the characteristics of continuous and discrete or batch processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide introduces key concepts and principles to assist in the appropriate selection, development and operation of CM technologies for the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Athough selected concepts covered here can be applied to biopharmaceutical CM (BioCM), the focus of this guide is on non-biopharmaceutical applications.
1.2 Particular consideration is given to the development and application of the appropriate scientific understanding and engineering principles that differentiate CM from traditional batch manufacturing.
1.3 Most of the underlying concepts and principles (for example, process dynamics and process control) outlined in this guide can be applied to both Drug Substance (DS) and Drug Product (DP) processes. However, it should be recognized that in Drug Substance production the emphasis may be more on chemical behavior and dynamics in a fluid phase whereas for solid drug product manufacture there may be a greater emphasis on the physical behavior and dynamics in a solid/powder format.
1.4 This guide is also intended to apply in both the development of new processes, or the redesign of existing ones.
1.5 All values are stated in SI units. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide focuses on upstream and downstream processes for biopharmaceutical products with a particular focus on antibody production processes. For further information, see Appendix X1 and Refs (1-3).
4.2 Bioprocesses traditionally consist of discrete unit operations labeled as upstream, downstream, and fill/finish operations. The objectives at each stage are significantly different, as are the operating parameters and control processes, that can make complete integration impractical initially (Appendix X1). This guide does not imply that complete integration is a prerequisite. A higher degree of integration may be possible over time as a better understanding of the dynamics of processes become established.
4.2.1 Upstream Processes—The purpose of upstream processes is to generate sufficient product to meet patient requirements preferably in the fewest number of batches. This starts with increasing biomass (cell-line expansion from working cell bank to production inoculation) to a production bioreactor in which the focus shifts to producing product. The material within a bioreactor during extended growth is heterogenous, for example, cells will differ in age, there may be genetic drift, secreted product can differ in the residence time spent in the bioreactor, and cell debris accumulates throughout the process.
4.2.2 Downstream Processes—The purpose of downstream processes is to harvest product and purify it from process- and product-related impurities (for example, cell debris, nucleic acids, and misfolds) to the desired level. Solids are first separated from solutes; solutes are then separated from each other in the process of purification. Certain processes may at best be semi-continuous, and some steps may be prone to fouling, which may require manual intervention.
4.2.3 Fill/Finish Operations—The purpose of fill/finish operations is to formulate the purified product in a form that ensures stability and sterility and provides a dosage form consis...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a complement to Guide E2968. It provides key concepts and principles to assist in the appropriate selection, development, and operation of continuous processing technologies for the manufacture of biologically derived products.
1.2 Several of the principles covered in Guide E2968 are applicable to biomanufacturing. However, processes for biologically derived products differ from those for synthetic drugs in a number of fundamental ways in addition to their source (for example, format: aqueous liquids versus powders; scope: genesis to final formulation). This guide is intended to provide greater clarity for biomanufacturing. It does not imply that topics in Guide E2968 that are not covered here do not apply to continuous manufacturing (CM) for biologics.
1.3 Biologically derived products also differ widely from each other in terms of modalities, source materials, and the manufacturing technologies used, not all of which are equally amenable to operating in a continuous mode.
1.4 Opportunities do exist for the introduction of continuous technologies, for example, efforts are ongoing to adapt processes for large-scale manufacture of broadly applicable modalities such as monoclonal antibodies to a continuous format. This guide is intended to provide guidance to the design and implementation of antibody processes.
1.5 The principles can be applicable to unit operations or processes or both for other modalities but may not be applicable to all bioprocesses.
1.6 Particular consideration should be given to the development and application of the appropriate scientific understanding and engineering principles that differentiate CM from traditional batch manufacturing.
1.7 Since much of the processing is done under conditions amenable to microbial growth, maintaining process streams free from external biological impurities and microbial contamination (for example, bioburden, viruses, ...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Application of the approach described within this practice applies the science-based, risk-based, and statistics-based concepts and principles introduced in Guides E3106 and E3219.
4.2 Application of the approach described within this practice provides a science-, risk-, and statistical-based approach for qualifying the inspection of equipment for cleanliness in accordance with 21 CFR 211.67(b)(6) and is in accordance with FDA Process Validation Guidance Life Cycle approach.
4.3 Application of the approach described within this practice provides a science-, risk-, and statistical-based approach for qualifying the visual inspection of equipment for cleanliness in accordance with European Medicines Agency (EMA) Annex 15.
4.4 Application of the approach described within this practice provides a science-, risk-, and statistical-based approach for qualifying the visual inspection of equipment for cleanliness in accordance with the EMA’s Q&A Guidance (Q&A’s #7 and #8) (2).
4.5 Visual Inspection used as described in 4.4 should only be used in situations where there is a suitable safety margin between the VRL and MSSR and robust detectability at the VRL.
4.6 Application of the approach described within this practice applies the risk-based concepts and principles introduced in ICH Q9. As stated in ICH Q9, the level of effort, formality, and documentation for validation (including cleaning validation) should also be commensurate with the level of risk.
4.7 Application of the approach described within this practice provides a science-, risk-, and statistical-based approach for releasing manufacturing equipment and manufactured medical devices or cleanliness that is compatible with the U.S. FDA Guidance for Industry, PAT – A Framework for Innovative Pharmaceutical Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance.
4.8 Key Concepts—This practice applies the following key concepts: (1) visual inspection, (2) quality risk management, (3) science-based appr...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides statistically valid procedures for determining the visual detection limit of residues and the qualification of inspectors to perform the visual inspection of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment surfaces and medical devices for residues.
1.2 This practice applies to pharmaceuticals (including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs); dosage forms; and over-the-counter, veterinary, biologics, and clinical supplies) and medical devices following all manufacturing and cleaning. This practice is also applicable to other health, cosmetics, and consumer products.
1.3 This practice applies to many types of chemical residues (including APIs, intermediates, cleaning agents, processing aids, machining oils, and so forth) that could remain on manufacturing equipment surfaces or medical devices that have undergone all manufacturing steps including cleaning.
1.4 This practice applies only to equipment or devices that have been justified through a Quality Risk Management program to have an acceptable hazard analysis, have cleaning processes that are repeatable and validated and where Visual Inspection can be relied upon to determine the cleanliness of the equipment at the residue limit justified by the HBEL.
1.5 The values stated in International System of Units (SI) units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommend...
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This document gives an overview of recommendations on product specifications, and other relevant information, for algae and algae products for pharmaceutical applications.
This document does not apply to food and feed applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing legislations.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document applies to medical devices other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices manufactured utilizing materials of animal origin, which are non-viable or have been rendered non-viable. It specifies, in conjunction with ISO 14971, a procedure to identify the hazards and hazardous situations associated with such devices, to estimate and evaluate the resulting risks, to control these risks, and to monitor the effectiveness of that control. Furthermore, it outlines the decision process for the residual risk acceptability, taking into account the balance of residual risk, as defined in ISO 14971, and expected medical benefit as compared to available alternatives. This document is intended to provide requirements and guidance on risk management related to the hazards typical of medical devices manufactured utilizing animal tissues or derivatives such as:
a) contamination by bacteria, moulds or yeasts;
b) contamination by viruses;
c) contamination by agents causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE);
d) material responsible for undesired pyrogenic, immunological or toxicological reactions.
For parasites and other unclassified pathogenic entities, similar principles can apply.
This document does not stipulate levels of acceptability which, because they are determined by a multiplicity of factors, cannot be set down in such an international standard except for some particular derivatives mentioned in Annex C. Annex C stipulates levels of TSE risk acceptability for tallow derivatives, animal charcoal, milk and milk derivatives, wool derivatives and amino acids.
This document does not specify a quality management system for the control of all stages of production of medical devices.
This document does not cover the utilization of human tissues in medical devices.
NOTE 1 It is not a requirement of this document to have a full quality management system during manufacture. However, attention is drawn to international standards for quality management systems (see ISO 13485) that control all stages of production or reprocessing of medical devices.
NOTE 2 For guidance on the application of this document, see Annex A.
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This document specifies requirements for controls on the sourcing, collection, and handling (which includes storage and transport) of animals and tissues for the manufacture of medical devices utilizing materials of animal origin other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices. It applies where required by the risk management process as described in ISO 22442‑1.
NOTE Selective sourcing is especially important for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) risk management, i.e. when utilising animal tissue and/or their derivative originating from bovine, ovine and caprine species, deer, elk, mink or cats.
This document does not cover the utilization of human tissues in medical devices.
This document does not specify a quality management system for the control of all stages of production of medical devices.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A significant amount of data is generated during pharmaceutical development and manufacturing activities. The interpretation of such data is becoming increasingly difficult. Individual examination of the univariate process variables is relevant but can be significantly complemented by multivariate data analysis (MVDA). MVDA may be particularly appropriate for exploring and handling large sets of heterogenous data, mapping data of high dimensionality onto lower dimensional representations, exposing significant correlations among multivariate variables within a single data set or significant correlations among multivariate variables across data sets. MVDA may extract statistically significant information which may enhance process understanding, decision making in process development, process monitoring and control (including product release), product life-cycle management, and continuous improvement.
4.2 MVDA is widely used in various industries including the pharmaceutical industry. To achieve a valid outcome, an MVDA model/application should incorporate the following:
4.2.1 A predefined risk-based objective incorporating one or more relevant scientific hypotheses specific to the application;
4.2.2 Sufficient relevant data of requisite quality covering the variance space encountered during intended use, that is, pharmaceutical development, or pharmaceutical manufacturing, or both;
4.2.3 Appropriate data analysis and model utilization practices including considerations on testing, validation, and qualification of all new data prior to using a model to analyze it;
4.2.4 Appropriately trained staff;
4.2.5 Appropriate standard operating procedures; and
4.2.6 Life-cycle management.
4.3 This guide can be used to support data analysis activities associated with pharmaceutical development and manufacturing, process performance and product quality monitoring in manufacturing, as well as for troubleshooting and investigation events. Technical detai...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the applications of multivariate data analysis (MVDA) to support pharmaceutical development and manufacturing activities. MVDA is one of the key enablers for process understanding and decision making in pharmaceutical development, and for the release of intermediate and final products after being validated appropriately using a science and risk-based approach.
1.2 The scope of this guide is to provide general guidelines on the application of MVDA in the pharmaceutical industry. While MVDA refers to typical empirical data analysis, the scope is limited to providing a high level guidance and not intended to provide application-specific data analysis procedures. This guide provides considerations on the following aspects:
1.2.1 Use of a risk-based approach (understanding the objective requirements and assessing the fit-for-use status);
1.2.2 Considerations on the data collection and diagnostics used for MVDA (including data preprocessing and outliers);
1.2.3 Considerations on the different types of data analysis, model testing, and validation;
1.2.4 Qualified and competent personnel; and
1.2.5 Life-cycle management of MVDA model.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Guide7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Application of the approach described within this standard guide applies science-based concepts and principles introduced in the FDA’s initiative on pharmaceutical CGMPs for the 21st century.4
4.2 This guide supports, and is consistent with, elements from ICH Q8 – Q11 and guidelines from USFDA, European Commission, Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme, and the China Food and Drug Administration.8
4.3 According to FDA Guidance for Industry, PAT, “With real time quality assurance, the desired quality attributes are ensured through continuous assessment during manufacture. Data from production batches can serve to validate the process and reflect the total system design concept, essentially supporting validation with each manufacturing batch.” In other words, the accumulated product and process understanding used to identify the Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs), together with the control strategy, will enable control of the CQAs, providing the confidence needed to show validation with each batch. This is as opposed to a traditional discrete process validation approach.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes Continuous Process Verification as an alternate approach to process validation where manufacturing process (or supporting utility system) performance is continuously monitored, evaluated, and adjusted (as necessary). It is a science-based approach to verify that a process is capable and will consistently produce product meeting its predetermined critical quality attributes. Continuous Process Verification (ICH Q8) is similarly described as Continuous Quality Verification.
1.2 Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical product manufacturing companies are required to provide assurance that the processes used to manufacture regulated products result in products with the specified critical quality attributes of strength identity and purity associated with the product safety and efficacy. Process validation is a way in which companies provide that assurance.
1.3 With the knowledge obtained during the product lifecycle, a framework for continuous quality improvements will be established where the following may be possible: (1) risk identified, (2) risk mitigated, (3) process variability reduced, (4) process capability enhanced, (5) process design space defined or enhanced, and ultimately (6) product quality improved. This can enable a number of benefits that address both compliance and operational goals (for example, real time release, continuous process improvement).
1.4 The principles in this guide may be applied to drug product or active pharmaceutical ingredient/drug substance pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical batch or continuous manufacturing processes or supporting utility systems (for example, TOC for purified water and water for injection systems, and so forth).
1.5 The principles in this guide may be applied during the development and manufacturing of a new process or product or for the improvement or redesign, or both, of an existing process.
1.6 Continuous process verification may be applied to manufacturing processes that use monitoring systems that provide frequent and objective measurement of process data in real time. These processes may or may not employ in-, on-, or at-line analyzers/controllers that monitor, measure, analyze, and control the process performance. The associated processes may or may not have a design space.
1.7 This guide may be used independently or in conjunction with other proposed E55 standards to be published by ASTM International.
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies symbols for use in the information supplied by the manufacturer with medical devices. The requirements of this European Standard are not intended to apply to symbols specified in other standards. However, every effort should be made to prevent the specifying of different symbols with the same meaning. This standard does not specify the requirements for information to be supplied with medical devices, which are addressed by EN 375, EN 376, EN 591, EN 592 and EN 1041.
- Amendment11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies requirements for information to be supplied by a manufacturer for medical devices regulated by Council Directive 90/385/EEC relating to active implantable medical devices and Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices. It does not specify the language to be used for such information, nor does it specify the means by which the information is to be supplied. It is also intended to complement the specific requirements of the cited EU Directives on medical devices by providing guidance on means by which certain requirements can be met. If a manufacturer follows these means, they will provide a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements regarding information to be supplied.
This standard does not cover requirements for provision of information for in vitro diagnostic medical devices, which are covered by other labelling standards (see Bibliography).
NOTE When national transpositions of the Directives specify the means by which information shall be supplied, this standard does not provide derogation from these requirements for that country.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for the labelling of a medical device or parts of a medical device to indicate the presence of phthalates, when required by Annex I of Directive 93/42/EEC Section 7.5, 2nd paragraph. This specifically includes the format of a symbol to be used in the labelling. This European Standard does not specify the requirements for information to be supplied with medical devices, which are addressed by EN 980 and EN 1041.
This European Standard does not specify the requirements of the 1st and of the 3rd paragraphs of Essential Requirement 7.5.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 22442-3:2007 specifies requirements for the validation of the elimination and/or inactivation of viruses and TSE agents during the manufacture of medical devices (excluding in vitro diagnostic medical devices) utilizing animal tissue or products derived from animal tissue, which are non-viable or have been rendered non-viable. It applies where required by the risk management process as described in ISO 22442-1. It does not cover other transmissible and non-transmissible agents.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Establishes definitions, requirements, methods of testing and rated values for phase-to-earth capacitive and screen-to-earth intrusive inductive coupling devices to be used in medium voltage DLC systems.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies requirements for information to be supplied by a manufacturer for medical devices regulated by Council Directive 90/385/EEC relating to active implantable medical devices and Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices. It does not specify the language to be used for such information, nor does it specify the means by which the information is to be supplied. It is also intended to complement the specific requirements of the cited EU Directives on medical devices by providing guidance on means by which certain requirements can be met. If a manufacturer follows these means, they will provide a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements regarding information to be supplied. This standard does not cover requirements for provision of information for in vitro diagnostic medical devices, which are covered by other labelling standards (see Bibliography).
- Draft5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for information to be supplied by a manufacturer for medical devices regulated by Council Directive 90/385/EEC relating to active implantable medical devices and Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices. It does not specify the language to be used for such information, nor does it specify the means by which the information is to be supplied. It is also intended to complement the specific requirements of the cited EU Directives on medical devices by providing guidance on means by which certain requirements can be met. If a manufacturer follows these means, they will provide a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements regarding information to be supplied.
This standard does not cover requirements for provision of information for in vitro diagnostic medical devices, which are covered by other labelling standards (see Bibliography).
NOTE When national transpositions of the Directives specify the means by which information shall be supplied, this standard does not provide derogation from these requirements for that country.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13408-2:2003 specifies requirements for sterilizing filtration as part of aseptic processing of health care products. It also offers guidance to filter users concerning general requirements for set-up, validation and routine operation of a sterilizing filtration process, to be used for aseptic processing of health care products.
ISO 13408-2:2003 is not applicable to removal of viruses. Sterilizing filtration is not applicable to fluids containing particles as effective ingredient larger than the pore size of a filter (e.g. bacterial whole-cell vaccines).
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15225:2010 provides rules and guidelines for a medical device nomenclature data structure, in order to facilitate cooperation and exchange of data used by regulatory bodies on an international level between interested parties, e.g. regulatory authorities, manufacturers, suppliers, health care providers and end users.
ISO 15225:2010 includes guidelines for a minimum data set and its structure. These guidelines are provided for system designers setting up databases that utilize the nomenclature system described herein.
The requirements contained in ISO 15225:2010 are applicable to the development and maintenance of an international nomenclature for medical device identification.
ISO 15225:2010 does not include the nomenclature itself, which is provided as a data file.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC - Figures B.1 and B.2 to be replaced
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This European Standard specifies performance requirements and methods of test for non-reclosable packaging that have been designated child-resistant. This standard is intended for type approval only (see 3.5) and is not intended for quality assurance purposes.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies performance requirements and methods of test for non-reclosable packaging that have been designated child-resistant. This European Standard is intended for type approval only (see 3.5) and is not intended for quality assurance purposes.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 22442-1:2015 applies to medical devices other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices manufactured utilizing materials of animal origin, which are non-viable or have been rendered non-viable. It specifies, in conjunction with ISO 14971, a procedure to identify the hazards and hazardous situations associated with such devices, to estimate and evaluate the resulting risks, to control these risks, and to monitor the effectiveness of that control. Furthermore, it outlines the decision process for the residual risk acceptability, taking into account the balance of residual risk, as defined in ISO 14971, and expected medical benefit as compared to available alternatives. This part of ISO 22442 is intended to provide requirements and guidance on risk management related to the hazards typical of medical devices manufactured utilizing animal tissues or derivatives such as
a) contamination by bacteria, moulds or yeasts;
b) contamination by viruses;
c) contamination by agents causing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE);
d) material responsible for undesired pyrogenic, immunological or toxicological reactions.
For parasites and other unclassified pathogenic entities, similar principles can apply.
ISO 22442-1:2015 does not stipulate levels of acceptability which, because they are determined by a multiplicity of factors, cannot be set down in such an International Standard except for some particular derivatives mentioned in Annex C. Annex C stipulates levels of TSE risk acceptability for tallow derivatives, animal charcoal, milk and milk derivatives, wool derivatives and amino acids.
ISO 22442-1:2015 does not specify a quality management system for the control of all stages of production of medical devices.
ISO 22442-1:2015 does not cover the utilization of human tissues in medical devices.
NOTE 1 It is not a requirement of this part of ISO 22442 to have a full quality management system during manufacture. However, attention is drawn to International Standards for quality management systems (see ISO 13485) that control all stages of production or reprocessing of medical devices.
NOTE 2 For guidance on the application of this part of ISO 22442, see Annex A.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 22442-2:2015 specifies requirements for controls on the sourcing, collection, and handling (which includes storage and transport) of animals and tissues for the manufacture of medical devices utilizing materials of animal origin other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices. It applies where required by the risk management process as described in ISO 22442‑1.
NOTE 1 Selective sourcing is considered to be especially important for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) risk management.
The manufacturers should refer to ISO 22442‑3 for information on the validation of the elimination and/or inactivation of viruses and TSE agents.
ISO 22442-2:2015 does not cover the utilization of human tissues in medical devices.
ISO 22442-2:2015 does not specify a quality management system for the control of all stages of production of medical devices.
It is not a requirement of this part of ISO 22442 to have a full quality management system during manufacture, but it does specify requirements for some of the elements of a quality management system. Attention is drawn to the standards for quality management systems (see ISO 13485) that control all stages of production or reprocessing of medical devices. The quality management system elements that are required by this part of ISO 22442 can form a part of a quality management system conforming to ISO 13485.
NOTE 2 A general principle for the application of this International Standard is that it is advisable to give due consideration to the requirements and recommendations contained in all three parts of the standard.
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers pharmaceutical process design utilizing process analytical technology, which is integral to process development as well as post-development process optimization. It is focused on practical implementation and experimental development of process understanding. The principles in this practice are applicable to both drug substance and drug product processes. For drug products, formulation development and process development are interrelated and therefore the process design will incorporate knowledge from the formulation development. The following practices and methodologies shall be done to attain desired state: risk assessment and mitigation; continuous improvement; process fitness for purpose; intrinsic performance assessment; manufacturing strategy; data collection and formal experimental design; multivariate tools; process analyzers; and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers process design, which is integral to process development as well as post-development process optimization. It is focused on practical implementation and experimental development of process understanding.
1.2 The term process design as used in this practice can mean:
1.2.1 The activities to design a process (the process design), or
1.2.2 The outcome of this activity (the designed process), or both.
1.3 The principles in this practice are applicable to both drug substance and drug product processes. For drug products, formulation development and process development are interrelated and therefore the process design will incorporate knowledge from the formulation development.
1.4 The principles in this practice apply during development of a new process or the improvement or redesign of an existing one, or both.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers process design, which is integral to process development as well as post-development process optimization.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E55 on Manufacture of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Products, this practice was withdrawn in July 2020. This standard was withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by the industry.
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CEN/CLC guide approved by AG Resolution 11/2007 in Cyprus (June 2007)
- Guide20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC - Figures B.1 and B.2 to be replaced
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies performance requirements and methods of test for non-reclosable packaging that have been designated child-resistant. This standard is intended for type approval only (see 3.5) and is not intended for quality assurance purposes.
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ISO 22442-1:2007 applies to medical devices other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices manufactured utilizing materials of animal origin, which are non-viable or have been rendered non-viable. It specifies, in conjunction with ISO 14971, a procedure to identify the hazards and hazardous situations associated with such devices, to estimate and evaluate the resulting risks, to control these risks, and to monitor the effectiveness of that control. Furthermore, it outlines the decision process for the residual risk acceptability, taking into account the balance of residual risk, as defined in ISO 14971, and expected medical benefit as compared to available alternatives. ISO 22442-1:2007 is intended to provide requirements and guidance on risk management related to the hazards typical of medical devices manufactured utilizing animal tissues or derivatives such as:
contamination by bacteria, moulds or yeasts;
contamination by viruses;
contamination by agents causing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE);
material responsible for undesired pyrogenic, immunological or toxicological reactions.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 22442-2:2007 specifies requirements for controls on the sourcing, collection and handling (which includes storage and transport) of animals and tissues for the manufacture of medical devices utilizing materials of animal origin, other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices. It applies where required by the risk management process as described in ISO 22442-1.
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This standard specifies requirements for information to be supplied by a manufacturer for medical devices regulated by Council Directive 90/385/EEC relating to active implantable medical devices and Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices. It does not specify the language to be used for such information, nor does it specify the means by which the information is to be supplied. It is also intended to complement the specific requirements of the cited EU Directives on medical devices by providing guidance on means by which certain requirements can be met. If a manufacturer follows these means, they will provide a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements regarding information to be supplied.
This standard does not cover requirements for provision of information for in vitro diagnostic medical devices, which are covered by other labelling standards (see Bibliography).
NOTE When national transpositions of the Directives specify the means by which information shall be supplied, this standard does not provide derogation from these requirements for that country.
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This European Standard specifies symbols for use in the information supplied by the manufacturer with medical devices. The requirements of this European Standard are not intended to apply to symbols specified in other standards. However, every effort should be made to prevent the specifying of different symbols with the same meaning. This standard does not specify the requirements for information to be supplied with medical devices, which are addressed by EN 375, EN 376, EN 591, EN 592 and EN 1041.
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ISO 14971:2007 specifies a process for a manufacturer to identify the hazards associated with medical devices, including in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices, to estimate and evaluate the associated risks, to control these risks, and to monitor the effectiveness of the controls.
The requirements of ISO 14971:2007 are applicable to all stages of the life-cycle of a medical device.
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This European Standard specifies symbols for use in the information supplied by the manufacturer with medical devices. The requirements of this European Standard are not intended to apply to symbols specified in other standards. However, every effort should be made to prevent the specifying of different symbols with the same meaning. This standard does not specify the requirements for information to be supplied with medical devices, which are addressed by EN 375, EN 376, EN 591, EN 592 and EN 1041.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed as an initial screening procedure for the selection of compounds worthy of more detailed study.
This test method is applicable to the study of most drugs and chemicals, and will properly estimate both lethal and minimally effective dose levels. Although it is designed for the study of single components, it can be used to study the comparative toxicity of mixtures or formulations. The method may not be applicable to oily substances which cause embolism upon injection.
This test method requires only small quantities of test materials (approximately 1 g), a fact that enhances its utility as the initial biological study for newly synthesized substances.
It is equally economical in its requirements for equipment, space, personnel, and animals. Only a small laboratory, simple test equipment, and two technicians are needed to conduct the experiments. Furthermore, an average of only thirty mice are required to conduct the entire test method.
The procedure is applicable to a wide variety of materials. When results of this test were compared with those from more detailed and specific animal tests, a high degree of correlation was obtained. Further evidence of the utility of the test was demonstrated by the fact that a high correlation of rank order potencies was found for a series of anticholinergics studied in both mice and men.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed as a simple and inexpensive initial screening procedure for new compounds with unknown pharmacological properties, or for the comparative bioassay of new members of a chemical series with class reference standards. The test method, which is applicable to most pharmacologically active compounds including pesticides, will properly rank order both acute lethality and potency with a minimum expenditure of test material. It is intended as the first step in a multi-tiered development program.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method is designed as a simple and inexpensive initial screening procedure for new compounds with unknown pharmacological properties, or for the comparative bioassay of new members of a chemical series with class reference standards. The test method, which is applicable to most pharmacologically active compounds including pesticides, will properly rank order both acute lethality and potency with a minimum expenditure of test material. It is intended as the first step in a multi-tiered development program.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E35 on Pesticides and Alternative Control Agents, this test method was withdrawn in October 2010 due to inactivity and a lack of interest.
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This European Standard specifies requirements and guidance for the construction of a nomenclature for medical devices in order to facilitate co-operation and exchange of regulatory data on an international level between interested parties such as: Regulatory Authorities, Manufacturers, Suppliers, Health Care Providers, and End Users. NOTE: This European Standard includes guidelines for a minimum data set and its structure. These guidelines are provided for system designers setting up databases utilizing the nomenclature system described herein.
- Amendment5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements and guidance for the construction of a nomenclature for medical devices in order to facilitate co-operation and exchange of regulatory data on an international level between interested parties such as: Regulatory Authorities, Manufacturers, Suppliers, Health Care Providers, and End Users. NOTE: This European Standard includes guidelines for a minimum data set and its structure. These guidelines are provided for system designers setting up databases utilizing the nomenclature system described herein.
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Deals with the safety of hand-held motor-operated or magnetically driven electric tools, the rated voltage of the tools being not more than 250 V for single-phase a.c. or d.c. tools, and 440 V for three-phase a.c. tools. This standard deals with the common hazards presented by hand-held tools which are encountered by all persons in the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the tools.
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- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies requirements on information to be supplied by a manufacturer for different categories of medical devices, as required by the relevant EU Directives. It does not specify the language to be used for such information. It is intended to complement the specific requirements of the EU Directives on medical devices in the context of specifying means by which certain requirements can be met. If these means are followed by a manufacturer, they will provide presumption of conformity with the relevant essential requirements regarding information to be supplied.
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This European Standard specifies graphical symbols for use in the information supplied by the manufacturer with medical devices.
NOTE This standard does not specify the circumstances under which particular symbols are used. Guidance on this is given in EN 1041.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies graphical symbols for use in the information supplied by the manufacturer with medical devices.
NOTE This standard does not specify the circumstances under which particular symbols are used. Guidance on this is given in EN 1041.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of prEN 12442 specifies requirements for controls on the sourcing, collection and handling (which includes storage and transport) of animals and tissues for the manufacture of medical devices utilizing materials of animal origin other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Note 1: Requirements for the riks analysis of the use of materials of animal origin in medical devices are described in prEN 12442-1.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 12442 applies to medical devices (excluding in-vitro diagnostic medical devices) manufactured utilizing animal tissue or products derived from animal tissue, which are non-viable or rendered non-viable. It specifies, in conjunction with EN 1441, a procedure to investigate, using available information, the safety of such devices by identifying hazards and estimating the risks associated with the device (risk analysis).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of prEN 12442 specifies requirements for the validation of elimination and/or inactivation of viruses and/or transmissible agents during the manufacture of medical devices (excluding in-vitro diagnostic medical devices) utilizing materials of animal origin. It is not applicable to bacteria, moulds and yeasts.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 12442 applies to medical devices (excluding in-vitro diagnostic medical devices) manufactured utilizing animal tissue or products derived from animal tissue, which are non-viable or rendered non-viable. It specifies, in conjunction with EN 1441, a procedure to investigate, using available information, the safety of such devices by identifying hazards and estimating the risks associated with the device (risk analysis).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of prEN 12442 specifies requirements for controls on the sourcing, collection and handling (which includes storage and transport) of animals and tissues for the manufacture of medical devices utilizing materials of animal origin other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Note 1: Requirements for the riks analysis of the use of materials of animal origin in medical devices are described in prEN 12442-1.
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