IIZS - Insulating materials and systems

This part of IEC 60216 specifies the calculation procedures used for deriving thermal
endurance characteristics from experimental data obtained in accordance with the instructions
of IEC 60216-1 and IEC 60216-2 [1]1, using fixed ageing temperatures and variable ageing
times.
The experimental data can be obtained using non-destructive, destructive or proof tests. Data
obtained from non-destructive or proof tests can be incomplete, in that it is possible that
measurement of times taken to reach the end-point will have been terminated at some point
after the median time but before all specimens have reached end-point.
The procedures are illustrated by worked examples, and suitable computer programs are
recommended to facilitate the calculations.

TAN - // IEC Corrigendum

This document specifies the method of test for the determination of the proof and comparative
tracking indices of solid insulating materials on pieces taken from parts of equipment and on
plaques of material using alternating voltage.
This document provides a procedure for the determination of erosion when required.
NOTE 1 The proof tracking index is used as an acceptance criterion as well as a means for the quality control of
materials and fabricated parts. The comparative tracking index is mainly used for the basic characterization and
comparison of the properties of materials.
This test method evaluates the composition of the material as well as the surface of the
material being evaluated. Both the composition and surface condition directly influence the
results of the evaluation and are considered when using the results in material selection
process.
Test results are not directly suitable for the evaluation of safe creepage distances when
designing electrical apparatus.
NOTE 2 This is in compliance with IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage
systems – Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests.
NOTE 3 This test discriminates between materials with relatively poor resistance to tracking, and those with
moderate or good resistance, for use in equipment which can be used under moist conditions. More severe tests of
longer duration are available for the assessment of performance of materials for outdoor use, utilizing higher
voltages and larger test specimens (see the inclined plane test of IEC 60587). Other test methods such as the
inclined method can rank materials in a different order from the drop test given in this document.
This basic safety publication focusing on a safety test method is primarily intended for use by
technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the
principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.

This part of IEC 60664 deals with insulation coordination for equipment having a
rated voltage up to AC 1 000 V or DC 1 500 V connected to low-voltage supply systems.
This document applies to frequencies up to 30 kHz.
NOTE 1 Requirements for insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems with rated
frequencies above 30 kHz are given in IEC 60664-4.
NOTE 2 Higher voltages can exist in internal circuits of the equipment.
It applies to equipment for use up to 2 000 m above sea level and provides guidance for use
at higher altitudes (See 5.2.3.4).
It provides requirements for technical committees to determine clearances, creepage
distances and criteria for solid insulation. It includes methods of electrical testing with
respect to insulation coordination.
The minimum clearances specified in this document do not apply where ionized gases are
present. Special requirements for such situations can be specified at the discretion of the
relevant technical committee.
This document does not deal with distances:
– through liquid insulation;
– through gases other than air;
– through compressed air.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety essential requirements is primarily intended
for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the
principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
However, in case of missing specified values for clearances, creepage distances and
requirements for solid insulation in the relevant product standards, or even missing
standards, this document applies.

This part of IEC 60667 gives methods of test for vulcanized fibre sheets for electrical purposes.
Material made by combining with an adhesive several thicknesses of vulcanized fibre is not
covered by this document.
Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application is based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this
specification alone.
Safety warning: It is the responsibility of the user of the methods contained or referred to in this
document to ensure that they are used in a safe manner.

This part of IEC 60667 gives the definitions and general requirements for vulcanized fibre
sheets for electrical purposes. Materials made by combining with an adhesive several
thicknesses of vulcanized fibre are not covered by this document.
Materials that conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application is based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this
specification alone.
Safety warning: it is the responsibility of the user of the methods contained or referred to in this
document to ensure that they are used in a safe manner.

This part of IEC 60667 gives requirements for vulcanized fibre sheets for electrical purposes.
Materials made by combining with an adhesive several thicknesses of vulcanized fibre are not
covered by this document.
Materials that conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application is based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this
specification alone.
Safety warning: it is the responsibility of the user of the methods contained or referred to in this
document to ensure that they are used in a safe manner.

EN-IEC 61857 series is focused on applications where other possible factors need to be incorporated to evaluate any influence on the performance of the electrical insulation system (EIS). Multi- factor evaluation is the most complex type of project to design and conduct. Clear guidelines are needed to give the user of this document a uniform approach and a method to analyse the test results. This document is for applications where the stresses are some combination of other factors of influence identified in IEC 60505. The multi-factor stresses are applied during the diagnostic portion of each test cycle. A few examples of other factors of influence or multi-factor stresses are: - high vibration; - submersion in oils, water, or solutions; - voltage higher than the test voltage of the reference EIS; - decreased cold shock temperature.

This document gives the requirements for two types of heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving, not flame retarded, thick and medium wall with a nominal shrink ratio of 3:1. This sleeving has been found suitable for use at temperatures of up to 100 °C. • Type A: Medium wall - internal diameter up to 200 mm typically. • Type B: Thick wall - internal diameter up to 200 mm typically. These sleevings are normally supplied in colour black. Since these types of sleeving cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses, Annex A (Tables A.1 and A.2) of this document provides a guide to the range of sizes available. The actual size will be agreed between the user and supplier. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone.

This document gives the requirements for two types of heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving for bus-bar insulation, with a nominal shrink ratio of 2,5:1. This sleeving has been found suitable up to temperatures of 100 °C. • Type A: Medium wall - internal diameter up to 170,0 mm typically • Type B: Thick wall - internal diameter up to 165,0 mm typically These sleevings are normally supplied in colour, red or brown. Since these types of sleeving cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses, Annex A (Tables A.1 and A.2) provides guidance to the range of sizes available.

This document gives the requirements for four types of heat-shrinkable, flameretarded, limited-fire-hazard sleeving with a thermal endurance rating of 105 °C as shown below. Class A: thin wall shrink ratio 2:1 internal diameter up to 102,0 mm Class B: medium wall shrink ratio 2:1 internal diameter up to 60,0 mm Class C: thick wall shrink ratio 2:1 internal diameter up to 51,0 mm Class D: medium wall shrink ratio 3:1 internal diameter up to 40,0 mm These sleevings are normally supplied in the following colours: black, red, green, blue, white, yellow and green/yellow. Sizes or colours other than those listed in this document are available as custom items. These items are considered to comply with this document if they comply with the property requirements listed in Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8, excluding dimensions and mass. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone.

This document gives the requirements for heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving, antitracking with a nominal shrink ratio of 3:1. This sleeving has been found suitable for use at temperatures up to 100 °C. Typically: medium wall, internal diameter up to 110 mm. This sleeving is normally supplied in the colours red or brown. Since these types of sleeving cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses, Annex A (Table A.1) provides guidance on the range of sizes available. The actual size will be agreed between the user and the supplier. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone. This sleeving is designed to be used in medium voltage cable accessories and as such electrical performance willbe proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this are described in HD 629.1 and IEC 60502 (all parts).

This document gives the requirements for two types of heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving, dual wall, not flame retarded with a nominal shrink ratio of 3:1. This sleeving has been found suitable for use at temperatures of up to 100 °C. • Type A: Medium wall, internal diameter up to 200,0 mm typically. • Type B: Thick wall, internal diameter up to 200,0 mm typically. These sleevings are normally supplied in colour black. Since these types of sleving cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses, Annex A (Tables A.1 and A.2) provides a guide to the range of sizes available. The actual size will be agreed between the user and supplier. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone.

This part of IEC 62677 is applicable to heat shrinkable low and medium voltage moulded shapes, conductive, in a range of configurations suitable for environmental sealing, mechanical protection, strain relief for power cable terminations, joints and stop ends. These moulded shapes have been found suitable for use for temperatures between −40 ºC and 100 ºC.
The moulded shapes can be supplied with a pre-coated adhesive. A guide to adhesive compatibility and temperature performance is given in Annex A. The manufacturers/suppliers can be consulted for options.
Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will need to be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone.
The tests specified are designed to control the quality of the moulded shapes but it is recognized that they are designed to be used in low and medium voltage cable accessories and as such electrical performance will be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this are described in EN 50393, HD 629 and IEC 60502 (all parts).

This sheet of IEC 60674-3 gives the requirements for balanced biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films used for electrical insulation. Safety warning: It is the responsibility of the user of the methods contained or referred to in this document to ensure that they are used in a safe manner.

This part of IEC 62631 covers procedures for the determination of insulation resistance and
volume resistivity of insulating materials by applying DC-voltage and temperatures up to
800 °C. The typical application materials include high temperature mica plate and alumina
ceramics.

This part of IEC 62677 is applicable to heat shrinkable low voltage moulded shapes in a range
of configurations suitable for insulation, environmental sealing, mechanical protection, strain
relief for power cable terminations, joints and stop ends. These moulded shapes have been
found suitable for use for temperatures between –40 °C and 100 °C.
The moulded shapes can be supplied with a pre-coated adhesive. A guide to adhesive
compatibility and temperature performance is given in Annex A. The manufacturers/suppliers
can be consulted for options.
The material is available in two types:
Type A – Flame retardant
Type B – Not flame retardant
Materials which conform to this document meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and will not be based on
this document alone.
The tests specified are designed to control the quality of the moulded shapes but it is
recognized that they are designed to be used in low and medium voltage cable accessories
and, as such, electrical performance will be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this
are described in EN 50393, HD 629 and IEC 60502-1.

This part of IEC 62631 describes test methods for the determination of permittivity and
dissipation factor properties of solid insulating materials (AC methods from 0,1 Hz up to
10 MHz).
NOTE This part of the standard mainly considers measuring setups with guard-electrodes.

This part of IEC 60071 constitutes application guidelines and deals with the selection of
insulation levels of equipment or installations for three-phase electrical systems. Its aim is to
give guidance for the determination of the rated withstand voltages for ranges I and II of
IEC 60071-1 and to justify the association of these rated values with the standardized highest
voltages for equipment.
This association is for insulation co-ordination purposes only. The requirements for human
safety are not covered by this document.
This document covers three-phase systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV. The values
derived or proposed herein are generally applicable only to such systems. However, the
concepts presented are also valid for two-phase or single-phase systems.
This document covers phase-to-earth, phase-to-phase and longitudinal insulation.
This document is not intended to deal with routine tests. These are to be specified by the
relevant product committees.
The content of this document strictly follows the flow chart of the insulation co-ordination
process presented in Figure 1 of IEC 60071-1:2006. Clauses 4 to 7 correspond to the squares
in this flow chart and give detailed information on the concepts governing the insulation coordination
process which leads to the establishment of the required withstand levels.
This document emphasizes the necessity of considering, at the very beginning, all origins, all
classes and all types of voltage stresses in service irrespective of the range of highest voltage
for equipment. Only at the end of the process, when the selection of the standard withstand
voltages takes place, does the principle of covering a particular service voltage stress by a
standard withstand voltage apply. Also, at this final step, this document refers to the
correlation made in IEC 60071-1 between the standard insulation levels and the highest
voltage for equipment.
The annexes contain examples and detailed information which explain or support the
concepts described in the main text, and the basic analytical techniques used.

This part of IEC 62677 is applicable to heat shrinkable medium voltage moulded shapes in a
range of configurations suitable for insulation, environmental sealing, mechanical protection,
strain relief for power cable terminations, joints and stop ends. These moulded shapes have
been found suitable for use for temperatures between –40 °C and 100 °C.
The moulded shapes can be supplied with a pre-coated adhesive. A guide to adhesive
compatibility and temperature performance is given in Annex A. The manufacturers/suppliers
can be consulted for options.
Materials which conform to this document meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and will not be based on
this document alone.
The tests specified are designed to control the quality of the moulded shapes but it is
recognized that they are designed to be used in low and medium voltage cable accessories
and as such electrical performance will be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this
are described in IEC 60502 (all parts), EN 50393 and HD 629.

This part of IEC 62631 covers a method of test for the determination of volume resistance and
volume resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying DC voltage. It covers the
materials described in IEC 60455-3-5, IEC 60464-3-1, IEC 60464-3-2 and similar products.

This International Standard covers methods of test for the determination of thermal endurance
(temperature index) of electrical insulating resins and varnishes for impregnation purposes.
It is done by means of impregnating glass cloth and measuring electric strength or breakdown
voltage before and after heat ageing.
It covers the materials described in IEC 60455-3-5 and IEC 60464-3-2 and similar materials.

This part of IEC 62677 gives methods of test for heat shrinkable low and medium voltage
moulded shapes in a range of configurations and materials suitable for insulation,
environmental sealing, mechanical protection and strain relief for connector/cable
terminations and multi-way transitions.
The tests specified are designed to control the quality of the moulded shapes but it is
recognized that they are designed to be used in low and medium voltage cable accessories
and as such electrical performance will be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this
are described in EN 50393, HD 629.1 and IEC 60502-4.

This document is applicable to heat shrinkable low and medium voltage moulded shapes in a
range of configurations and materials suitable for insulation, environmental sealing, mechanical
protection, electrical conductance, anti-tracking and strain relief for power cable terminations,
joints and stop ends. It specifies the test methods and material requirements. The most
commonly available shapes are as shown in the Annex A.
Materials which conform to this document meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application will be based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and will not be based on
this document alone.
These moulded shapes are designed to be used in low and medium voltage cable accessories
and as such electrical performance will be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this
are described in EN 50393, HD 629.1 and IEC 60502-4.

IEC - Corrected version

Applies to rigid printed board assemblies protected by a coating of insulating material on one or both sides. Describes the requirements and test procedures. Has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.

This part of IEC 61857 establishes an EIS evaluation for applications with a designed life of
5 000 h or less. This test method follows the procedures of IEC 60505 and is modified based
on the range of designed life.

IEC corrigendum

IEC 60684-3-247:2011 gives the requirements for two types of heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving, dual wall, not flame retarded with a nominal shrink ratio of 3:1. This sleeving has been found suitable for use at temperatures of up to 100 °C.  - Type A: Medium wall, internal diameter up to 200,0 mm typically;  and Type B: Thick wall, internal diameter up to 200,0 mm typically.

This part of IEC 60674 is applicable to plastic films used for electrical purposes. This part of
IEC 60674 gives methods of test.

This part of IEC 62631 covers a method of test for the determination of volume resistance and
volume resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying a DC voltage.

This part of IEC 62631 covers methods of test for the determination of surface resistance and
surface resistivity of electrical insulation materials by applying DC voltage.

This part of IEC 62631 covers methods of test for the determination of the insulation
resistance of electrical insulating materials or insulating systems by applying DC voltage.

This International Standard describes many of the factors involved in voltage endurance tests
on electrical insulating materials and systems. It describes the voltage endurance graph, lists
test methods illustrating their limitations and gives guidance for evaluating the sinusoidal a.c.
voltage endurance of insulating materials and systems from the results of the tests. This
International Standard is applicable over the voltage frequency range 20 Hz to 1 000 Hz. The
general principles can also be applicable to other voltage shapes, including impulse voltages.
The terminology to be used in voltage endurance is defined and explained.

This part of IEC 60455 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive
compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation.

Provides guidance on the procedures for insulation co-ordination of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations, without prescribing standardized insulation levels. Applies only for HVDC applications in high-voltage a.c. power systems and not for industrial conversion equipment. Principles and guidance given are for insulation co-ordination purposes only. The requirements for human safety are not covered.

This part of IEC 60684 gives the requirements for heat-shrinkable sleevings for oil barrier,
medium voltage cable jointing and termination applications, with nominal shrink ratios of up to
3:1.
These sleevings have been found suitable for use up to temperatures of 80 °C.
Type A: polyolefin based.
Type B: fluoropolymer based, enhanced oil resistance.
These sleevings are normally supplied as translucent.
Since these types of sleevings cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses,
Annex A, Tables A.1 and A.2, in this document, provide a guide to the range of sizes
available. The actual size will be agreed between the purchaser and supplier.
Materials which conform to this standard meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this
standard alone.
This sleeving is designed to be used in MV cable accessories and as such, electrical
performance as defined as part of the assembly. Examples of this are described in HD 629
and IEC 60502 series.

This part of IEC 60684 gives the requirements for heat-shrinkable sleeving for medium
voltage joint insulation, with a range of shrink ratios.
This sleeving has been found suitable up to temperatures of 100 °C.
These sleevings are normally supplied in colour, red or brown.
Since this type of sleevings covers a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses,
the actual size will be agreed between the purchaser and supplier.
Materials which conform to this standard meet established levels of performance. However,
the selection of a material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual
requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this
standard alone. This sleeving is designed to be used in medium voltage cable accessories
and as such electrical performance will be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this
are described in HD 629 and IEC 60502.

EN IEC 61858-1 lists the required test procedures for qualification of modifications of an established electrical insulation system (EIS) with respect to its thermal classification. This standard is applicable to EIS used in wire-wound winding electrotechnical devices. The test procedures are comparative in that the performance of a candidate EIS is compared to that of a reference EIS, which has proven service experience in accordance with IEC 60505 or has been evaluated by one of the procedures given in the IEC 61857 series.

EN IEC 61858-2 lists the required test procedures for qualification of modifications of an established electrical insulation system (EIS) with respect to its thermal classification. This standard is applicable to EIS used in form-wound electrotechnical devices. The test procedures are comparative in that the performance of a candidate EIS is compared to that of a reference EIS, which has proven service experience in accordance with IEC 60505 or has been evaluated by one of the procedures given in IEC 60085 and IEC 60034-18-31.

This part of IEC 60684 gives the requirements for two types of heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving for bus-bar insulation, with a nominal shrink ratio of 2,5:1. This sleeving has been found suitable up to temperatures of 100 °C.
– Type A : Medium wall Internal diameter up to 170,0 mm typically
– Type B : Thick wall Internal diameter up to 165,0 mm typically
These sleevings are normally supplied in colour, red or brown. Since these types of sleevings cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses, Tables A.1 and A.2 provide guidance to the range of sizes available. The actual size and wall thickness shall be agreed between the user and supplier depending on the electric strength of the installed tubing offered and the requirements of the user. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone.

This sheet of IEC 60684-3 gives the requirements for four types of heat-shrinkable, flameretarded, limited-fire-hazard sleeving with a thermal endurance rating of 105 °C as shown below: Class A: thin wall shrink ratio 2:1 internal diameter up to 102,0 mm Class B: medium wall shrink ratio 2:1 internal diameter up to 60,0 mm Class C: thick wall shrink ratio 2:1 internal diameter up to 51,0 mm Class D: medium wall shrink ratio 3:1 internal diameter up to 40,0 mm These sleevings are normally supplied in the following colours: black, red, green, blue, white, yellow and green/yellow. Sizes or colours other than those listed in this standard may be available as custom items. These items shall be considered to comply with this standard if they comply with the property requirements listed in tables 5, 6, 7 and 8, excluding dimensions and mass. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone.

This part of IEC 60684 gives the requirements for heat-shrinkable, polyolefin sleeving, antitracking with a nominal shrink ratio of 3:1. This sleeving has been found suitable for use at temperatures up to 100 °C. Typically: medium wall, internal diameter up to 110 mm. These sleevings are normally supplied in the colours red or brown. Since these types of sleevings cover a significantly large range of sizes and wall thicknesses, Table A.1 in this standard provides guidance on the range of sizes available. The actual size shall be agreed between the user and the supplier. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone. This sleeving is designed to be used in medium voltage cable accessories and as such electrical performance must be proven as part of the assembly. Examples of this are described in HD 629 and IEC 60502 series.

EN IEC 60819-3-4 specifies requirements for two types of aramid fibre paper containing mica particles and designated as PAaM. - type 1: calendered aramid paper containing mica particles; - type 2: uncalendered aramid paper containing mica particles. Materials which conform to this specification meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this specification alone. SAFETY WARNING: It is the responsibility of the user of the methods contained or referred to in this document to ensure that they are used in a safe manner.

This part of IEC 60544 deals broadly with the aspects to be considered in evaluating the effects of ionizing radiation on all types of organic insulating materials. It also provides, for Xrays, -rays, and electrons, a guide to - dosimetry terminology, - methods for dose measurements, - testing carried out at irradiation facilities, - evaluation and testing of material characteristics and properties, - documenting the irradiation process. Dosimetry that might be carried out at locations of use of the material is not described in this standard.

This International Standard applies to electrical equipment, regardless of voltage, containing an insulation system, which is - connected to an electronic power supply, and - requires an evaluation of insulation endurance under repetitive voltage impulses. This standard proposes a general test procedure to facilitate screening of electrical insulating materials (EIM) and systems (EIS) and to achieve a relative evaluation of insulation endurance under conditions of repetitive impulses.

This part of IEC 60243 gives requirements additional to those in IEC 60243-1 for the determination of the electric strength of solid insulating materials under direct voltage stress.