ISO/TC 300 - Solid recovered materials, including solid recovered fuels

This document specifies methods for sample preparation to ensure representativeness of the samples throughout the preparation procedures to produce general analysis samples. Suitable test portions can be taken from the laboratory or general analysis samples and used for analysis according to the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures. This document specifies the correct sample preparation sequence to be applied to: a) the composite sample, in order to produce a laboratory sample (taking into account large pieces of solid recovered fuel); b) each sub-sampling step throughout the testing programme; c) the laboratory sample, in order to obtain suitable test portions; d) ensure the representativeness of the test portions that have been taken according to the sample preparation plan, prior to physical analysis, chemical analysis or both (e.g. extractions, digestion, analytical determinations). The methods specified in this document can be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, biomass content determination, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, impurities and self-heating properties. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

This document specifies the procedure for a determination of major and minor element concentrations in solid recovered fuel material by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with solid recovered fuel reference materials or solid recovered fuel samples with known content. A semiquantitative determination can be carried out using matrix independent standards. This document is applicable to the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Mo, Cd, Sb, Sn, Tl and Pb. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element, the calibration materials used and the instrument used. NOTE X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can be used as a fast method for a qualitative overview of elements and impurities and after suitable calibration it is very useful for determining major elements or even minor elements (except Hg) in order to quickly identify increased concentrations of minor elements in solid recovered fuels (SRF), for example during SRF-production.

This document addresses the provision of background references that are helpful in defining a more detailed specification for SRF according to its specific end use for energy conversion (EfW plants) and to support the SRF market. The aim is to enable all the interested stakeholders – producers, end users, legislators, local authority bodies and standardization bodies – to guarantee that the SRF complies fully with technical, environmental and economic requirements and to facilitate its social acceptability when utilized for energy conversion. This document is intended to provide references for the specification of SRF produced from non-hazardous waste streams and traded to EfW plants as waste. The quality of such SRF is specified through values for relevant fuel properties, appropriate to the subsequent end uses that have an expected growth or an established/well consolidated role in heat and power generation in waste-to-energy systems: — coal co-combustion in cement kilns, — gasification, — coal co-combustion in power plants. The SRF can also be used in other end-use applications but these are not addressed in this document.

This document specifies a method for the determination of gross calorific value of solid recovered fuels at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.

This document specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF), and a template containing a list of characteristics for the specification of their properties, enabling trade and use of SRF supporting the protection of the environment. SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste. NOTE 1 Untreated municipal solid waste as such cannot be considered SRF. Untreated municipal solid waste can however be feedstock to plants producing SRF. NOTE 2 Chemically treated solid biofuels that do not contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material, can be defined as solid biofuels and thus be part of the standard series ISO 17225[1].

This document specifies methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels for example from production plants, from deliveries or from stock. It includes manual and mechanical methods. It is not applicable to solid recovered fuels that are formed by liquid or sludge, but it includes dewatered sludge.

This document specifies the requirements and a method for the determination of volatile matter of solid recovered fuels.

This document specifies a method for the determination of moisture in a general analysis sample by drying the sample in an oven. This method is suitable for use for general analysis samples in accordance with CEN/TS 15414‑1[3][1]. It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels. If solid recovered fuels contain large amounts of oil-fractions the Karl-Fischer-Method (for example ISO 760) is advisable. Otherwise, a lower temperature is recommended (e.g. 50 °C ± 10 °C) and a longer drying time until constant mass is achieved. NOTE The term moisture content, when used with recovered materials, can be misleading since solid recovered materials, e. g. biomass, frequently contain varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content of the general analyses sample by oven drying. [1] The adoption of the standard series EN 15414 as standard series ISO 21660 is planned. ISO 21660‑3 is published in parallel at CEN level as EN 21660-3.

This document specifies methods for the determination of ash content of all solid recovered fuels.

This document provides principles and requirements for safe handling, treatment and storage of solid recovered fuels (SRF), prepared from non-hazardous waste, to be used for energy purposes. This document covers process stages from point of acceptance of material to point of delivery of SRF. This document excludes fuels that are included in the scope of ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels and ISO/TC 28 Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin. It uses a risk-based approach to determine what safety measures are to be considered. Although unloading and loading of e.g. vessels, trains or trucks are included, the safety issues following the loading and transport itself are not.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of the biomass content in solid recovered fuels: the 14C content method, the selective dissolution and the manual sorting methods.

This document defines terms for solid recovered fuels to enable the user to understand the scope of the work of ISO/TC 300. Where a term and definition are required in a single standard, the term and definition will be referenced in that standard.

This document specifies the determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur in solid recovered fuels by instrumental method. Depending on the amount of test portion, micro or macro instrumental apparatus are used. This method is applicable for concentrations on dry matter basis of C > 0,1 %, N > 0,1 %, H > 0,1 % and S > 0,05 %.