ISO/TC 22/SC 37 - Electrically propelled vehicles

This document defines the requirements and operation of the on-board vehicle equipment that enables magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) between supply device and electric vehicles (EV). It is intended to be used for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. This document addresses the following aspects for an EV device: — safety requirements; — transferred power and power transfer efficiency; — ground clearance of the EV device; — functionality with associated off-board systems under various conditions and independent of manufacturer (interoperability); — test procedures. This document does not provide: — requirements for dynamic (vehicle in motion) applications; — requirements for reverse WPT; — requirements for the operation of EV devices specified in this document with supply devices according to IEC 61980-4. EV devices that fulfil the requirements of this document are intended to operate with supply devices that fulfil the MF-WPT related requirements of IEC 61980-1, IEC 61980-2 and IEC 61980-3. NOTE IEC 61980-4 specifies requirements for supply devices of power levels above the limits of the reference supply power circuits in this document. Requirements related to dynamic applications of supply devices are specified in IEC 61980-5 and IEC 61980-6.

This document defines the requirements and operation of the on-board vehicle equipment that enables magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) for traction battery charging of electric vehicles. It specifies requirements for static (vehicle not in motion) and dynamic (vehicle in motion) applications. It is intended to be used for heavy duty vehicles. This does not exclude the application of systems in passenger cars or light commercial vehicles This document addresses the following aspects for an EV device: — safety requirements; — transferred power and power transfer efficiency; — ground clearance of the EV device; — functionality with associated off-board systems under various conditions and independent of manufacturer (interoperability); — test procedures. EV devices that fulfil the requirements in this document are intended to operate with supply devices that fulfil the MF-WPT related requirements in the IEC 61980 series. In this edition, multiple secondary devices (modular approach for higher power classes) are not covered. NOTE The dynamic application is shown in Annex C.

This document specifies test procedures to determine the charging performance of electric vehicles. This document facilitates clear and consistent comparisons of realistic charging capabilities of electrically propelled vehicles (EVs) via commercially available electric vehicle supply equipment. It provides details about test conditions, test methods and test processes derived from typical use cases. Furthermore, it specifies requirements regarding the information for the vehicle operator. This document is applicable to EVs, including plug-in hybrid EVs. This document does not provide requirements for mopeds and motorcycles. Unless specified otherwise, all test procedures can be applied to AC, DC or wireless charging methods. NOTE Specifications for reverse power transfer are under consideration.

This document applies to voltage class B electric propulsion systems and connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. It applies to electric circuits and components in these systems. This document focuses on the characteristics at the DC voltage class B terminals of these components as specified in ISO 21498-1. It describes testing methods, test conditions and test requirements for components exposed to electrical behaviour caused by the operation of electric loads and power sources. This document does not cover electrical safety (see ISO 6469-3 and the ISO 5474 series).

This document specifies general requirements for conductive power transfer with a voltage up to 1 000 V a.c. (alternative current) and up to 1 500 V d.c. (direct current) between electrically propelled road vehicles and external electric circuits. This document provides general requirements for conductive charging in modes 2, 3 and 4 according to IEC 61851-1, and for reverse power transfer. This document does not provide requirements for mode 1. For mode 4, this document provides requirements regarding the power transfer only with isolated DC EV supply equipment according to IEC 61851-23. NOTE External electric circuits are not part of the vehicle. This document applies to the vehicle power supply circuits. This document does not provide; — requirements for simultaneous operation of multiple EV plugs or vehicle inlets, and — requirements for power transfer while driving (electric road systems), but they are under consideration. This document does not provide: — requirements for mopeds and motorcycles (which are specified in ISO 18246), and — comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel.

This document in combination with ISO 5474-1 specifies requirements for conductive power transfer using alternating current (AC) with a voltage up to 1 000 V a.c. between electrically-propelled road vehicles and external electric circuits. NOTE External electric circuits are not part of the vehicle. This document provides requirements for conductive charging in modes 2, 3 according to IEC 61851-1 and reverse power transfer. This document applies to vehicle power supply circuits. Examples of circuit diagrams for different configurations of chargers on-board electric vehicles are shown in Annex A. This document also provides requirements for reverse power transfer through on-board standard socket-outlets and/or a EV plug or vehicle inlet according to IEC 62196-1 or IEC 62196-2 conductively connected to the vehicle power supply circuit. Requirements for AC power transfer using a charger without at least simple separation are under consideration. This document does not provide: — requirements for simultaneous operation of multiple EV plugs or vehicle inlets and — requirements for power transfer while driving (electric road systems) but they are under consideration. This document does not provide: — requirements for mopeds and motorcycles (which are specified in ISO 18246); — comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel; — requirements for vehicle to load adapters.

This document in combination with ISO 5474-1 specifies requirements for conductive power transfer using direct current (DC) with a voltage up to 1 500 V d.c. between electrically propelled road vehicles and external electric circuits. This document provides requirements for conductive charging in mode 4 according to IEC 61851-1. For mode 4, this document provides requirements regarding the power transfer only with isolated DC EV supply equipment according to IEC 61851-23. The requirements in this document are applicable to vehicle power supply circuits. An outlook of requirements for megawatt charging applications is given in Annex B. This document does not provide: — requirements for simultaneous operation of multiple power transfer interfaces and — requirements for power transfer while driving (electric road systems) but they are under consideration. This document does not provide: — requirements for mopeds and motorcycles (which are specified in ISO 18246); — comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel.

This document defines requirements for the onboard system (vehicle side) related to the automatic connection for conductive alternating current (AC) and/or direct current (DC) power transfer between electrically propelled road vehicles (EVs) and external electric circuits. This document addresses the following aspects: — electrical and mechanical safety requirements; — compatibility requirements; — environmental conditions; — functionality requirements; — test procedures. This document applies to: — EVs supporting automatic connection of a vehicle inlet according to IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3, IEC TS 62196-3-1 or IEC TS 63379 (category 1) and — EVs supporting automatic connection of a category 3 vehicle inlet or category 3 plug (typically at the underbody of the vehicle) according to IEC TS 61851-26. NOTE 1 IEC TS 61851-26 does not include automatic connection of vehicle inlets or plugs of category 1 and category 2, that can also be mounted at the underbody of the vehicle. Requirements for EVs equipped with an ACD or ACD counterpart of category 2 are specified in EN 50696 and IEC 63407. Requirements for simultaneous operation of multiple power transfer interfaces are under consideration and not covered in this document. NOTE 2 Requirements for ACD infrastructure, communication sequence and communication interface are specified in IEC 61851-23-1, IEC TS 61851-26 and IEC TS 61851-27. NOTE 3 EMC requirements for vehicles conductively connected to the supply network are defined in IEC 61851-21-1.

This document specifies test methods for the measurement of performance, such as acceleration, maximum speed and hill climbing ability, of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV) as passenger cars and light duty trucks with a maximum authorized total mass of 3 500 kg and fuelled with compressed hydrogen.

This document describes the test methods for the cold start performances of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV) under sub-zero temperature conditions. This document applies to FCHEV as passenger cars and light duty trucks with a maximum authorized total mass of 3 500 kg (hereinafter referred to as vehicle) and fuelled with compressed hydrogen.

This document specifies test procedures for measuring the reference energy consumption and reference range of purely electrically propelled passenger cars and commercial vehicles of a maximum authorized total mass (in accordance with ISO 1176) of 3 500 kg and a maximum speed of 70 km/h or more.

This document specifies the test procedures for performance and operating load for voltage class B electric propulsion components (motor, inverter, DC/DC converter) and their combinations (motor system) of electrically propelled road vehicles. This document specifies the terms and definitions used in the ISO 21782 series and general test conditions.

This document specifies the procedures for measuring the energy consumption and driving range of fuel cell passenger cars and light-duty trucks that use compressed hydrogen.

This document specifies requirements for operational safety specific to electrically propelled road vehicles, for the protection of persons inside and outside the vehicle. Relevant requirements for motorcycles and mopeds are outside the scope of this document, they are described in the ISO 13063 series. This document does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance, and repair personnel. This document does not consider specific aspects of driving automation features. NOTE 1 For the definition of the term “driving automation features”, see SAE J3016. EMC is not covered by this document. NOTE 2 For EMC see ISO 11451 and IEC 61851-21-1.

This document specifies electrical safety requirements for voltage class B electric circuits of electric propulsion systems and conductively connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. It specifies electrical safety requirements for protection of persons against electric shock and thermal incidents. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE 1 Electrical safety requirements for post-crash are described in ISO 6469-4. NOTE 2 Electrical safety requirements for conductive connections of electrically propelled road vehicles to an external electric power supply are described in ISO 17409. NOTE 3 Specific electrical safety requirements for magnetic field wireless power transfer between an external electric power supply and an electrically propelled vehicle are described in ISO 19363. NOTE 4 Electrical safety requirements for motorcycles and mopeds are described in the ISO 13063 series.

This document specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to determine the end of the charge-depleting state (CD) and consumed electric energy during CD state. The identification of the end of the CD state is an important step for procedures to determine exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Final determination of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption is not included in this document. This document applies to vehicles with the following characteristics. — The vehicles are hybrid-electric road vehicles (HEV) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) for vehicle propulsion which is supplied with electric energy from an external electric power source. — A CD state, in which the electric energy in the RESS from an external electric power source is consumed, is followed by a charge-sustaining (CS) state in which the fuel energy is consumed sustaining the electric energy of the RESS. — Only batteries are assumed as the RESS of a vehicle. — The RESS is not charged while driving unless by regenerative braking and/or by generative operation driven via the ICE. — External charge for the purpose of conditioning of the RESS is not included. NOTE 1 Trolleybuses and solar powered vehicles are not included in the scope. — The vehicle is classified as a passenger car or light duty truck, as defined in the relevant regional applicable driving test (ADT) standard. — For the ICE, only liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel) are used. NOTE 2 In the case of vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen (H2)], this document can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply. — The nominal energy of the RESS is at least 2 % of the total energy of consumed fuel over an ADT

This document specifies operating load tests and test criteria for the motor system designed as a voltage class B electric propulsion system for electrically propelled road vehicles.

This document specifies performance tests and each evaluation for the DC/DC converter in the voltage class B electric propulsion system of electrically propelled road vehicles.

This document specifies the operating load test and test criteria for the DC/DC converter designed as a voltage class B electric propulsion system of electrically propelled road vehicles.

This document applies to voltage class B electric propulsion systems and connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. It applies to electric circuits and components in these systems. This document focuses on the characteristics at the DC voltage class B terminals of these components as specified in ISO 21498-1. It describes testing methods, test conditions and test requirements for components exposed to electrical behaviour caused by operation of electric loads and power sources. This document does not cover electrical safety (see ISO 6469, ISO 17409).

This document applies to voltage class B electric propulsion systems and connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. Additionally, it applies to electric circuits and components in these systems. This document provides specifications of voltage sub-classes related to DC electric circuits. It also provides specifications of characteristics which are relevant for design and operation of systems and components for the voltage sub-classes. This document does not cover electrical safety (see ISO 17409 and the ISO 6469 series).

This document defines the requirements and operation of the on-board vehicle equipment that enables magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) for traction battery charging of electric vehicles. It is intended to be used for passenger cars and light duty vehicles. This document addresses the following aspects for an EV device: — safety requirements; — transferred power and power transfer efficiency; — ground clearance of the EV device; — functionality with associated off-board systems under various conditions and independent of manufacturer; — test procedures. EV devices that fulfil the requirements in this document are intended to operate with supply devices that fulfil the MF-WPT related requirements in the IEC 61980 series. NOTE 1 Charging of a vehicle in motion is not considered in this edition. NOTE 2 Bi-directional power transfer is not considered in this edition.

This document specifies electric safety requirements for conductive connection of electrically propelled road vehicles to external electric circuits. External electric circuits include external electric power supplies and external electric loads. This document provides requirements for the charging modes 2, 3, 4, as defined in IEC 61851-1, and reverse power transfer. For mode 4, this document provides requirements regarding the connection to an isolated DC EV charging station according to IEC 61851-23. NOTE 1 This edition does not provide requirements for mode 1. NOTE 2 External electric circuits are not part of the vehicle. This document applies to the on-board sections of vehicle power supply circuits. It applies also to dedicated power supply control functions used for the connection of the vehicle to an external electric circuit. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE 3 ISO 6469-3 provides general electrical safety requirements for electrically propelled road vehicles. NOTE 4 With this edition of this document the limitation of y-capacitance for protection against electric shock under single failure conditions is no longer applicable as a fault protection provision when the vehicle has a conductive DC connection to an external electric circuit.

This document specifies operating load tests and test criteria for motor and inverter designed as a voltage class B electric propulsion system for electrically propelled road vehicles.

This document specifies performance tests for the motor and the inverter designed as a voltage class B electric propulsion system for electrically propelled road vehicles.

This document specifies the performance tests for the motor system designed as a voltage class B electric propulsion system for electrically propelled road vehicles.

This document specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions and the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles. This document applies to vehicles with the following characteristics: — vehicles classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in the relevant regional applicable driving test (ADT) standard; — the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total energy consumption over an ADT; — internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel). NOTE In the case of the vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this document can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply. This document proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the state of charge (SOC) of the RESS does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT. It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274‑2.

This document specifies safety requirements for rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) of electrically propelled road vehicles for the protection of persons. It does not provide the comprehensive safety information for the manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE 1 Requirements for motorcycles and mopeds are specified in ISO 13063 and ISO 18243. NOTE 2 Additional safety requirements can apply for RESS that can be recharged by means different from supplying electric energy (e.g. redox flow battery).

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and the related definitions used in ISO/TC 22/SC 37 standards.

This document specifies measurement methods for the maximum system propulsion power of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV). The results can be compared with the data of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) power measured with the relevant current method. NOTE ISO 1585 and UN Regulation No. 85, for example. This document applies only to the vehicles with the following characteristics: — HEVs with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and one or more electric motors powered by one or more rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) for propulsion; — vehicles classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks.

This document specifies test procedures for the basic characteristics of performance, reliability and electrical functionality for the battery packs and systems for either high-power or high-energy application. Unless otherwise stated, the test applies to both applications. NOTE 1 Typical applications for high-power battery packs and systems are hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and some type of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). NOTE 2 Typical applications for high-energy battery packs and systems are battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and some type of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). NOTE 3 Testing on cell level is specified in IEC 62660 series.

IEC 62752:2016 applies to in-cable control and protection devices (IC-CPDs) for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles, hereafter referred to as IC-CPD including control and safety functions. This standard applies to portable devices performing simultaneously the functions of detection of the residual current, of comparison of the value of this current with the residual operating value and of opening of the protected circuit when the residual current exceeds this value.

ISO 18300:2016 specifies the lithium-ion battery systems combined with lead acid battery or electric double layer capacitor to be used for automotive applications in voltage class A systems. document applies only to combinations of such electric energy storages that are integrated in a common housing. It specifies configurations, test procedures, and requirements for such combinations.

ISO 6469-4:2015 specifies safety requirements for the electric propulsion systems and conductively connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles for the protection of persons inside and outside the vehicle. It specifies electrical safety requirements for vehicle post-crash conditions. It applies to electrically propelled road vehicles with voltage class B electric circuits. It does not apply to motorcycles and mopeds. It does not specify any crash test procedure. The safety requirements of this part of ISO 6469-4:2015 apply to applicable vehicles in accordance with published crash test procedures of each country or region. Applicable vehicles are those vehicles which are explicitly specified in these crash test procedures. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for first responders, emergency services, maintenance, and repair personnel.

ISO 23273:2013 specifies the essential requirements for fuel cell vehicles (FCV) with respect to the protection of persons and the environment inside and outside the vehicle against hydrogen-related hazards. It applies only to such FCV where compressed hydrogen is used as fuel for the fuel cell system. ISO 23273:2013 does not apply to manufacturing, maintenance, and repair. The requirements of ISO 23273:2013 address both normal operating (fault-free) and single-fault conditions of the vehicles.

This International Standard specifies the procedures for measuring the road performance of purely electrically propelled passenger cars and commercial vehicles of a maximum authorized total mass of 3 500 kg1_. The road performance comprises road operating characteristics such as speed, acceleration and hill climbing ability.

This document specifies the test procedures for performance and operating load for voltage class B electric propulsion components (motor, inverter, DC/DC converter) and their combinations (motor system) of electrically propelled road vehicles. This document specifies the terms and definitions used in the ISO 21782 series and general test conditions.

This document specifies electrical safety requirements for voltage class B electric circuits of electric propulsion systems and conductively connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. It specifies electrical safety requirements for protection of persons against electric shock and thermal incidents. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE 1 Electrical safety requirements for post-crash are described in ISO 6469‑4. NOTE 2 Electrical safety requirements for conductive connections of electrically propelled road vehicles to an external electric power supply are described in ISO 17409. NOTE 3 Specific electrical safety requirements for magnetic field wireless power transfer between an external electric power supply and an electrically propelled vehicle are described in ISO PAS 19363. NOTE 4 Electrical safety requirements for motorcycles and mopeds are described in ISO 13063.

ISO 6469-2:2018 specifies requirements for operational safety specific to electrically propelled road vehicles, for the protection of persons inside and outside the vehicle. NOTE 1 Relevant requirements for motorcycles and mopeds are described in ISO 13063. ISO 6469-2:2018 does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. ISO 6469-2:2018 does not consider specific aspects of driving automation features. NOTE 2 For definition of the term "driving automation features", see SAE J3016.

ISO/PAS 19363:2017 defines the requirements and operation of the on-board vehicle equipment that enables magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) for traction battery charging of electric vehicles. It is intended to be used for passenger cars and light duty vehicles. ISO/PAS 19363:2017 addresses the following aspects for an EV device: - transferred power; - ground clearance; - interoperability requirements among differently classified EV devices and associated off-vehicle systems; - performance requirements under various conditions, including among different manufacturers and classifications; - safety requirements; - test procedures. EV devices according to ISO/PAS 19363:2017 are intended to operate with off-board systems currently under development in the IEC 61980 series. NOTE 1 This edition covers stationary applications. NOTE 2 Bidirectional power transfer is not considered in this edition.

ISO/PAS 19295:2016 provides specification of voltage sub-classes for electric propulsion systems and conductively connected auxiliary electric systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. The voltage sub-classes are related to d.c. electric circuits. It applies only to electric circuits and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. ISO/PAS 19295:2016 provides specifications of characteristics which are relevant for design and operation of components and systems for the standardized voltage sub-classes. It enables vehicle manufacturers and supply industry to evaluate the characteristics of components or systems for their specific vehicle applications.

ISO 17409:2015 specifies electric safety requirements for conductive connections of electrically propelled road vehicles to an external electric power supply using a plug or vehicle inlet. It applies to electrically propelled road vehicles with voltage class B electric circuits. In general, it may apply to motorcycles and mopeds if no dedicated standards for these vehicles exist. It applies only to vehicle power supply circuits. It applies also to dedicated power supply control functions used for the connection of the vehicle to an external electric power supply. It does not provide requirements regarding the connection to a non-isolated d.c. charging station. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance, and repair personnel. The requirements when the vehicle is not connected to the external electric power supply are specified in ISO 6469‑3. NOTE 1 This International Standard does not contain requirements for vehicle power supply circuits using protection by class II or double/reinforced insulation but it is not the intention to exclude such vehicle applications. NOTE 2 Requirements for EV supply equipment are specified in IEC 61851.

ISO 12405-3:2014 specifies test procedures and provides acceptable safety requirements for voltage class B lithium-ion battery packs and systems, to be used as traction batteries in electrically propelled road vehicles. Traction battery packs and systems used for two-wheel or three-wheel vehicles are not covered by ISO 12405-3:2014. ISO 12405-3:2014 is related to the testing of safety performance of battery packs and systems for their intended use in a vehicle. ISO 12405-3:2014 is not intended to be applied for the evaluation of the safety of battery packs and systems during transport, storage, vehicle production, repair, and maintenance services.

ISO 23828:2013 specifies the procedures for measuring the energy consumption of fuel cell passenger cars and light-duty trucks that use compressed hydrogen and which are not externally chargeable.

ISO 23274-1:2013 specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions and the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles. It applies to vehicles with the following characteristics: the vehicle is classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in each regional annex; the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total energy consumption over an applicable driving test (ADT); internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel). In the case of vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this part of ISO 23274 can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply. ISO 23274-1:2013 proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the battery state of charge (SOC) of the RESS does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT. It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274-2. For CS state, see ISO 23274-2.

ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 specifies a designation system as well as the shapes and dimensions for secondary lithium-ion cells for integration into battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled road vehicles including the position of the terminals and any over-pressure safety device (OPSD). It is related to cylindrical, prismatic and pouch cells. The cell designation according to ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 is intended to be applied to the cells used for electrically propelled road vehicles. ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 does not apply to cells specifically used for mopeds, motorcycles and vehicles not primarily defined as road vehicles, i.e. material handling trucks or forklifts. The cell dimensions listed in ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 are recommended but not restricted for use in passenger cars up to 3,5 t. The inner design, the cell chemistry, the electrical characteristics and any further properties of the cells are not defined in ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012.

ISO 23274-2:2012 specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to determine the end of CD (charge-depleting) state and consumed electric energy during CD state. The identification of the end of CD state is an important step for procedures to determine exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Final determination of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption is not included in ISO 23274-2:2012. ISO 23274-2:2012 applies to vehicles with the following characteristics. The vehicles are hybrid-electric road vehicles (HEV) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and the on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) for vehicle propulsion which is supplied by electric energy from the stationary external power source. A CD state, in which the electric energy in RESS from the stationary external power source is consumed, is followed by a CS (charge-sustaining) state in which the fuel energy is consumed sustaining the electric energy of the RESS. Only batteries are assumed as the RESS of a vehicle. The RESS is not charged while driving unless by regenerative braking and/or by generating by ICE. The vehicle is classified as a passenger car or light duty truck, as defined in each regional annex. Only liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel) are used. Trolleybuses and solar powered vehicles are not included in the scope. In the case of vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen (H2)], ISO 23274-2:2012 can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply.