ISO 18300:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18300
First edition
2016-11-15
Electrically propelled vehicles — Test
specifications for lithium-ion battery
systems combined with lead acid
battery or capacitor
Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique — Spécifications d’essai
pour les systèmes de batteries aux ions lithium couplées à d’autres
types de batterie ou condensateur
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Type of connection with lithium-ion battery system . 3
5.1 Lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with lead acid battery (LIPB) . 3
5.2 Lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with electric double layer capacitor
energy storage system (LICA) . 3
6 General requirements . 4
7 Test for LIPB . 5
7.1 Pre-conditioning . 5
7.1.1 Purpose . 5
7.1.2 Procedure . 5
7.2 Rated capacity . 5
7.2.1 Purpose . 5
7.2.2 Procedure . 5
7.3 Micro-cycle test . 6
7.3.1 Purpose . 6
7.3.2 Micro-cycle without regenerative charging . 6
7.3.3 Micro-cycle with regenerative charging . 7
7.4 Cycle life test . 9
7.4.1 Purpose . 9
7.4.2 Procedure . 9
7.4.3 Requirement . 9
8 Tests for LICA . 9
8.1 Pre-conditioning . 9
8.1.1 Purpose . 9
8.1.2 Procedure . 9
8.2 Micro-cycle with regenerative test .10
8.2.1 Purpose .10
8.2.2 Procedure .10
8.3 Cold cranking power .10
8.3.1 Purpose .10
8.3.2 Procedure .10
8.3.3 Requirement .11
Annex A (informative) LICA and LIPB .12
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 37,
Electrically propelled vehicles.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Introduction
High-performance on-board electric energy storage is the main obstacle in developing electric vehicles
available at more affordable prices. In order to ensure high efficiency and good motion properties, there
are many requirements imposed on electrical energy storage sources, such as high power and energy
density, long cycle and calendar life, reliability, wide temperature range and no emission of pollutants.
The most common energy storages/sources in electric vehicles are electrochemical batteries and
electric double layer capacitor. However, installing only one type of energy storage/source could be
insufficient to complement each single type drawbacks. Hybridization of the source enables to solve
some key problems encountered in electric vehicles such as regenerative braking, while the main
source of energy is lithium-ion battery.
Today’s hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs), for example, use rechargeable batteries with gasoline-
powered engines to provide power to a vehicle. This system uses the battery as a power buffer to
support the engine in order to achieve greater gas mileage. While using a battery in an HEV by itself, the
battery is subjected to changes in the amount of power it generates and receives from the load. Since
most rechargeable batteries have low-power densities, their life spans are reduced by constant erratic
oscillation in demand. A solution to this problem can be dual battery system or two batteries system
or combined system with electric double layer capacitor. By using additional energy storage systems,
battery performance improvement can be achieved.
The hybrid lithium-ion battery system can supplement the traditional 12V electrical network with a 48V
electrical system and components, bridging the gap between low-end hybridization based on present-
day 12V start-stop systems. Many hybrids sold will be expected microhybrids, those using start-stop
and brake regeneration technologies that operate either with the existing 12V vehicle electric system
or with a combined 12V and 48V dual battery/dual voltage electric system. These relatively inexpensive
start-stops can provide limited hybrid power assist on launching and also for energy regeneration
during braking.
The purpose of this document is the description of such a voltage class A electric system.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18300:2016(E)
Electrically propelled vehicles — Test specifications for
lithium-ion battery systems combined with lead acid
battery or capacitor
1 Scope
This document specifies the lithium-ion battery systems combined with lead acid battery or electric
double layer capacitor to be used for automotive applications in voltage class A systems. document
applies only to combinations of such electric energy storages that are integrated in a common housing.
It specifies configurations, test procedures, and requirements for such combinations.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
assistance battery
battery that temporarily supports the main battery
3.2
assistance capacitor
electric double layer capacitor energy storage system that temporarily supports the role of the
main battery
3.3
battery
one or more cells fitted with devices necessary for use, for example, case, terminals, marking and
protective devices
3.4
battery control unit
BCU
electronic device that controls or manages or measures or calculates electric and thermal functions of
the battery system and that provides communication between the battery system and other vehicle
controllers
3.5
capacity
C
total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under specified
conditions of main battery
3.6
customer
party which is interested to use the battery pack or system and therefore order or perform the test
3.7
device under test
DUT
lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with lead acid battery and capacitor
3.8
electric double layer capacitor
EDLC
device for electrostatic storage of electrical energy achieved by separation of charge in a double layer
3.9
electric double layer capacitor energy storage system
energy storage devices that include capacitors or capacitor assemblies or capacitor packs as well as
electrical circuits and electronics
3.10
lithium-ion cell
secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of
lithium ions between the anode and the cathode
Note 1 to entry: The secondary cell is a basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct
conversion of chemical energy. The cell consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals,
and is designed to be charged electrically.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, cell or secondary cell means the secondary lithium-ion cell to be used for the
propulsion of electric road vehicles.
3.11
lithium-ion battery pack
battery pack
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies normally connected with cell electronics and
overcurrent shut-off device including electrical interconnections and interfaces for external systems
Note 1 to entry: Examples for interfaces are cooling, high voltage, auxiliary low voltage and communication.
3.12
lithium-ion battery system
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical
circuits and electronics
EXAMPLE BCU, contactors.
3.13
main battery
lithium-ion battery pack or system that mainly supplies electrical energy continuously
3.14
room temperature
RT
temperature of (25 ± 2) °C
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

3.15
micro-cycle
charge and discharge cycle within 60 s
4 Abbreviated terms
LICA Lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with electric double layer capacitor
LIPB Lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with lead acid battery
5 Type of connection with lithium-ion battery system
5.1 Lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with lead acid battery (LIPB)
The lithium-ion battery pack or system combined with lead acid battery (LIPB) is composed of the
lithium-ion battery pack or system as main battery and the lead
...