SIST-TS CEN/TS 16459:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16459:2014
Izpostavitev streh in strešnih kritin požaru z zunanje strani - Razširjena uporaba
rezultatov preskusa po CEN/TS 1187
External fire exposure of roofs and roof coverings - Extended application of test results
from CEN/TS 1187
Beanspruchung von Bedachungen durch Feuer von außen - Erweiterter
Anwendungsbereich der Prüfergebnisse aus CEN/TS 1187
Exposition des toitures et des couvertures à un feu extérieur - Application étendue des
résultats d’essai de la CEN/TS 1187
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16459:2019
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.060.20 Strehe Roofs
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TS 16459
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
November 2019
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.220.50; 91.060.20 Supersedes CEN/TS 16459:2013
English Version
External fire exposure of roofs and roof coverings -
Extended application of test results from CEN/TS 1187
Exposition des toitures et des couvertures à un feu Beanspruchung von Bedachungen durch Feuer von
extérieur - Application étendue des résultats d'essai de außen - Erweiterter Anwendungsbereich der
la CEN/TS 1187 Prüfergebnisse aus CEN/TS 1187
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 16 September 2019 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16459:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Product and end-use application parameters for roof coverings/roof systems . 10
5 Extended application . 11
6 Influence of product parameters and end-use application parameters on external
exposure to fire test performance . 13
7 General guidance to the annexes for application rules . 17
Annex A (normative) Application rules for test results from CEN/TS 1187, test 1, per
product group and/or components . 19
Annex B (normative) Application rules for test results from CEN/TS 1187, test 2, per
product group . 46
Annex C (normative) Application rules for test results from CEN/TS 1187, test 3, per
product group . 57
Annex D (normative) Application rules for test results from CEN/TS 1187, test 4 for
individual product groups . 78
Annex E (normative) Data acceptance principles for the submission of change request to
EXAP rules in Annex A to Annex D . 96
Bibliography . 103

European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16459:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire
safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 16459:2013.
CEN/TS 16459:2013:
— the Normative references have been updated;
— a new definition was added in 3.1 (term „layer“);
— the requirements to involve notified bodies in the preparation of EXAP rules was deleted from 5.4
and general;
— under clause 7, Table 5 was updated according to the insertion of new EXAP rules in different
Annexes and sections thereof, i.e. (see next lines);
— 3.5 Roof lights and roof windows: set of specific rules was moved to Annex A;
— 3.11 Liquid applied roof waterproofing kits: set of specific rules was moved to Annex A;
— the rules for the parameter „Application on existing roofs (“renovation”)“ have been reconsidered
for all Annexes and were amended and/or specified in more detail;
— Annex E „Data acceptance principles for the submission of change request to EXAP rules in Annex A
to Annex D“ is completely new: This annex sets out to establish the principles upon which data
presented to CEN TC127/WG 5 (External fire exposure of roofs and roof coverings) will be
reviewed by the committee or its nominated adhoc Sub Group for consideration.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
Fire tests on individual roofs/roof coverings are carried out in accordance with CEN/TS 1187. The
results from these tests can then be classified in accordance with EN 13501-5.
In order to derive classifications for similar roofs/roof coverings based on the data determined from
CEN/TS 1187, additional rules are needed.
These rules are direct application rules or extended application rules. Rules within the direct field of
application of test results are given in EN 13501-5 (these rules correspond to CEN/TS 1187).
This document outlines a procedure to develop rules for extended application and lists application rules
which have already been developed in Annex A to Annex D for test methods 1 to 4 from CEN/TS 1187,
where Annex A is related to test method 1, Annex B relates to test method 2, and so forth.
Annex A to Annex D have been developed based upon the available information and the roof systems in
the market. The objective of this document is to provide a methodology for optimizing the number of
tests required to cover the maximum field of application.
Annex E describes a procedure in which data acceptance principles for the submission of change
request to EXAP rules in Annex A to Annex D are set.
Whilst special attention has been focused on roofs typically comprising a support deck/substrate,
vapour barrier, insulation layer(s), membranes/roof coverings, there will be occasions when other
separating layers or intermediate layers will be needed to satisfy other roof characteristics. These
layers should be included in the consideration of the roof/the roof covering being classified.
NOTE Tests 1, 3 and 4 are carried out on a roof construction, whereas test 2 is done on a roof covering with
its substrate below, where the substrate may comprise various layers.
The decision route from the diagram below shows ways to determine which procedure to follow, when
classifying a roof/roof covering.
The solid line is compulsory, whereas the dotted line is optional.
Figure 1 — Decision process on classification of roofs/roof coverings
1 Scope
This document gives guidance on the process and development of extended fields of application using
test results obtained from CEN/TS 1187, tests 1 to 4, and included in test reports, and other relevant
information in order to evaluate and classify the performance of roofs/roof coverings. This document
provides a methodology to consider the possible effect(s) on classification to EN 13501-5 from single or
multiple changes to the individual product and end-use application parameters of the roof/roof
covering.
Specific application guidance is given in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C and Annex D for CEN/TS 1187,
tests 1 to 4 respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 1187:2012, Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
EN 490, Concrete roofing tiles and fittings for roof covering and wall cladding — Product specifications
EN 492, Fibre-cement slates and fittings — Product specification and test methods
EN 494, Fibre-cement profiled sheets and fittings — Product specification and test methods
EN 506, Roofing products of metal sheet— Specification for self-supporting products of copper or zinc
sheet
EN 508 (all parts), Roofing products from metal sheet— Specification for self-supporting products of steel,
aluminium or stainless steel sheet
EN 534, Corrugated bitumen sheets — Product specification and test methods
EN 544, Bitumen shingles with mineral and/or synthetic reinforcements — Product specification and test
methods
EN 1013, Light transmitting single skin profiled plastics sheets for internal and external roofs, walls and
ceilings – Requirements and test methods
EN 1304, Clay roofing tiles and fittings — Product definitions and specifications
EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area - Part
2: Plastic and rubber sheets
EN 12326-1, Slate and stone for discontinuous roofing and external cladding — art 1: Specifications for
slate and carbonate slate
EN 13162, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made mineral wool (MW) products —
Specification
EN 13163, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made expanded polystyrene (EPS)
products — Specification
EN 13164, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made extruded polystyrene foam (XPS)
products — Specification
EN 13165, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made rigid polyurethane foam (PU)
products — Specification
EN 13166, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made phenolic foam (PF) products —
Specification
EN 13167, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made cellular glass (CG) products —
Specification
EN 13169, Thermal insulation products for buildings — Factory made expanded perlite board (EPB)
products — Specification
EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification
using data from reaction to fire tests
EN 13501-5, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 5: Classification
using data from external fire exposure to roofs tests
EN 13707, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Reinforced bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing —
Definitions and characteristics
EN 13956, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing —
Definitions and characteristics
EN 14351-1, Windows and doors — Product standard, performance characteristics — Part 1: Windows
and external pedestrian doorsets
EN 14509, Self-supporting double skin metal faced insulating panels — Factory made products -
Specifications
EN 14782, Self-supporting metal sheet for roofing, external cladding and internal lining — Product
specification and requirements
EN 14783, Fully supported metal sheet and strip for roofing, external cladding and internal lining —
Product specification and requirements
EN 14963, Roof coverings — Continuous rooflights of plastics with or without upstands — Classification,
requirements and test methods
ENV 1187:2002, Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 1187:2012, EN 13501-5
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
adhesive
organic or inorganic material, e.g. polyurethane-based, bitumen-based, dispersion adhesive, glue which
is used to attach the surfaces of two or more products/components
Note 1 to entry: Adhesives or glues of the kind mentioned above could be applied separately and will thus form
a separate layer within the roof build-up, while factory pre-applied adhesives or glues are part of the specific
product/component forming a layer.
3.2
‘as tested’
term applicable for when rule does not exist for a specific parameter
3.3
binder content
amount of binding material (by % weight or % volume) within the product
Note 1 to entry: The binder could be inorganic or organic in nature. In the case of the latter, it will add a fire
load to the product containing the binder, and will be considered within the classification of products or product
groups. Within the substructure of products like mineral wool insulation products, particular felt layers, some
tiling products, and some multi-layer weather-proofing surface products the binder will typically be cured.
Note 2 to entry: The definition of this term does not apply to compound waterproofing sheets.
3.4
direct field of application of test results
outcome of a process (involving the application of defined rules) whereby a test result is deemed to be
equally valid for variations in one or more of the product properties and/or intended end use
applications
3.5
end-use application parameter
aspect of the mounting and fixing arrangement of a product reflecting/simulating its end-use
application, which can affect the fire performance
Example: type of substrate, fixing method, type and position of joints
3.6
extended field of application of test results
outcome of a process (involving the application of defined rules that can incorporate calculation
procedures) that predicts, for a variation of a product property and/or its intended end use
application(s), a test result on the basis of one or more test results to the same test standard
3.7
product group
range of roof products within defined limits of variability (defined by the manufacturer or a standard)
of the product parameters and, if relevant, end-use parameters, for which the reaction of the roof in end
use application to external fire exposure remains unchanged (does not get worse)
Note 1 to entry: As far as Clause 7 is concerned, product groups also include components for Annex A.
3.8
product parameter
aspect of a product which may vary and which can have an influence on the product’s fire performance
Examples: thickness, composition, density
3.9
roof pitch
inclination of the roof surface to the horizontal
Note 1 to entry: In the case of a tiled roof, the roof pitch is the rafter pitch since the tile pitch will be a few
degrees lower due to the overlaps.
3.10
separating layer
functional layer within a roof construction that is typically used to separate layers that do not match for
reason of chemical incompatibility, or it is needed as underlay, where applicable
Note 1 to entry: Separating layers are products such as fire protective layers (e.g. glass fleece); under-slating
(e.g. polymeric sheet; polymeric sheet reinforced by polymeric fibres; bituminised reinforced sheets); and others
such as bituminous kraft paper; aluminium sheet with covering (organic); and similar.
3.11
surfacing
surface finish applied either during construction or prefabricated as part of the surfacing layer
Note 1 to entry: Surfacing can include materials such as lacquer, UV-protective coating, slate chips, ceramic-
based granules, products for factory-made lamination with glass-fleece or bituminous roofing felt, or similar.
3.12
test result
outcome of a testing process and its associated procedures detailed within a specific test standard
(which can include some processing of the results from the testing of a number of specimens)
Note 1 to entry: A test result is expressed in terms of one or more fire performance parameter(s).
3.13
type of product
products belonging to a subset of a product family (as defined in Guidance Paper G), grouping together
products having a similar nature and behaviour
Note 1 to entry: Examples of products having a similar nature include polymer modified bituminous roofing
felts, single-ply PVC membranes, cement based fibre boards, profiled metal roof sheets.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of products having a similar behaviour include products that melt or shrink under
flame attack, or decompose.
3.14
factory pre-applied adhesive
factory applied adhesive
layer of organic or inorganic material e.g. polyurethane-based, bitumen-based, that is factory-applied to
products, such as to assist the installation, e.g. self-adhesion
3.15
layer
factory made product or assembly of products placed on the market
4 Product and end-use application parameters for roof coverings/roof systems
Table 1 is the list of product parameters and end-use application parameters that shall be taken into
account in Annex A to Annex D in making application rules. If other parameters are found to be relevant
for a given product, then these too should be considered in accordance with the principles of Clause 5
and Clause 6.
Annex A to Annex D list general rules and specific rules. The general rules are always valid, unless
specific rules exclude them explicitly for particular product groups and components. The general rules
are specified in A.1, A.2, B.1, B.2, C.1, C.2, D.1, and D.2.
The specific rules (A3, A4 – B3 – C3 – and D3) allow always additional extrapolations for particular
product groups and components, unless explicitly mentioned as a restriction to the general rules.
Relevant information may be contained in other documents, such as standards. This information may be
needed to define the end-use application parameters for the particular product (or product group) that
could influence the classification results in the external fire exposure tests to CEN/TS 1187, methods 1
to 4.
Table 1 — List of product parameters and end-use applications parameters
PRODUCT PARAMETERS FOR ROOF COVERINGS/ROOF SYSTEMS
Type of product
Product composition
Reaction-to-fire classification according to EN 13501-1
Colour (consider also pigments)
Binder content
Thickness
Mass per unit area
Density
Geometry (structure, shape and constitutive layers of multi-layer product)
Air gaps (perpendicular to surface)
Joints
Surfacing on lower side (backing)
Surfacing on upper side (facing)
Factory (pre-)applied adhesive
Reinforcement: mass per unit area, type of material; position within layer etc.
END-USE APPLICATION PARAMETERS FOR ROOF COVERINGS/ROOF SYSTEMS
End-use parameters-general
Number of layers (details see for each product)
Order of layer in the roofing system
Orientation of each layer
End-use parameters-support
Roof pitch
Substrate or under-laying construction details
Application on existing roofs (“renovation”)
Spacing of frame elements (non-standard-support)
End-use parameters-mounting and fixing
Mounting method
Fixing method (e.g. adhesive)
Distribution, Spacing and type of mechanical fixing (fasteners)
Joints
Air gaps
5 Extended application
5.1 General principles for extended application for roof coverings/roof systems
There are three options to establish rules for extended application. These are:
— by use of additional test results which, together with the initial test result, enables consideration of
a larger range of one or several product parameters and end-use application parameters;
— by use of tests results in combination with application of calculations methods (compare with 5.3)
relating the product and end-use application parameters to the fire performance;
— by use of historical data, see 5.4, and other relevant information e.g. data from previous tests.
NOTE Extended application rules are used to develop worst case ‘build ups’. Standard ‘build ups’ are
identified in the relevant product standards taking into account worst case ‘build ups’, e.g. where no specific test
information is available, indicative testing is used to establish the worst case scenario.
5.2 Extended application by additional tests
5.2.1 Additional tests on one product/end-use application parameter
It is assumed that only one product/end-use application parameter changes and the other parameters
remain constant and that there is an initial test result on one value of the product/end-use application
parameter.
If the relationship between the fire performance and the product/end-use application parameter is
unknown, the tests will be carried out on several variants of the parameter to assess the complete range
of the product/end-use application parameter on which the extended application is required and to
know this relationship.
From this relationship it will be possible to predict the different levels of fire performance as a function
of the levels of the product/end-use application parameter and therefore the level of classification.
If there is an established rule about the relationship between the product/end-use parameter and the
fire performance (direct application) of a product or product group, it will be possible to optimize the
additional tests, as a function of the classification result which is expected, as follows:
— If the fire performance of the roof is known to be affected by the change of a product/end-use
application parameter(s) in a known direction, the test can be carried out on the parameter, the
variation of which is known to give the lowest performance in this instance for this product and/or
its end use- application, without changing the classification level.
— If it is known that the fire performance changes with a change of the product/end-use application
parameter but the relationship is not known, the number of additional tests shall be sufficient to
define the relationship (sufficient means that the relationship is adequately defined over the
intended range of parameter variation). For most relationships, this will require at least two
additional test results.
When a relationship has been established between the fire performance and a product/end-use
parameter, it shall be used to determine the classification of any product or product group covered by
this relationship.
5.2.2 Additional tests on several product/end-use application parameters
When more than one roof covering product parameter or end-use application parameter is to change at
the same time, and if the types of relationship are not known, it will be necessary to assess the tests
needed according to an experimental plan or an empirical approach. Then a more detailed series of
tests shall be performed to determine the relationship between these parameters, the external fire
exposure performance, and the resultant classification.
The study of this relationship shall be carried out from direct tests according to CEN/TS 1187,
methods 1, 2, 3 or 4 and Classification to EN 13501-5.
If the types of relationship between the fire performance and the product/end use application
parameter are not known, a series of tests will be necessary. The test series can be split into parts to get
firstly a result on the type of the relationship (qualitative result) and secondly information on the
quantitative relationship, if required.
In all cases the limits of field of application shall be complied with. When a limited approach is used, it
has to be kept in mind that the resulting relationships are only valid for the particular limits of the other
parameters that were kept constant in the test.
NOTE Results from other test methods can be used to determine which product parameter needs to be tested
in European Standard methods. Reports on extended application are given in accordance with EN 15725.
5.3 Extended application by calculation
For extended application by calculation, it is necessary to have (an) established calculation method(s)
shown to be valid for the intended range of parameter(s). This requires the calculation method to be
validated in accordance with 5.2.1 or 5.2.2.
NOTE So far, there are no verified and validated published calculation methods that have been established
and agreed for use.
5.4 Guidance on the use of historical test data
When undertaking extended application (EXAP) a good understanding of the product performance in
fire is required. Some of this information will be known from the EN tests according to CEN/TS 1187,
however for some products there shall exist a record of test results against previous standards.
NOTE Under certain circumstances this information can be used as part of the EXAP procedure. This will help
to reduce the number of new tests which are required.
In applying these principles, the following conditions shall be met:
— Primary data shall be obtained from the relevant CEN/TS 1187, test 1 to 4.
6 Influence of product parameters and end-use application parameters on
external exposure to fire test performance
In Clause 4 of this document, Table 1 shows the list of product and end-use application parameters that
can influence the results from external fire exposure tests to roofs.
The following is an analysis of how each of these parameters can influence the test result for each of the
four different CEN/TS 1187 test methods, assuming that all other parameters are kept unchanged.
The fire testing in different European countries has historically been based on different exposure to
burning brands, to radiant exposure and to wind, as shown in Table 2.
Individual European countries will require fire test 1, 2, 3 or 4 depending on these national regulatory
requirements. There is no ranking in the order of test methods.
Table 2 — Exposure conditions for CEN/TS 1187, tests 1 to 4
Use CEN/TS 1187, test 1, 2, 3 or 4
Burning brands Burning brands and Burning brands and Burning brands and
wind wind and radiant heat wind and radiant
heat, in two stages
test 1 test 2 test 3 test 4
One of the most important end-use application parameters for the fire performance is the roof pitch.
Past traditions in different Member States have caused roofs to be tested at different angles of pitch, as
illustrated in Table 3 below.
Table 3 — The standard tested angle of pitch for CEN/TS 1187, tests 1 to 4
Angle of roof to
CEN/TS 1187 CEN/TS 1187 CEN/TS 1187 CEN/TS 1187
horizontal in the
test
test 1 test 2 test 3 test 4
[degrees]
For roofs angles up to
0 — — —
10 degrees
For roof angles
5 — — —
below 10 degrees
For roof angle
15 less than — — —
20 degrees
Standard angle of For roof angles
test. The results from 10 to
30 — —
apply for any 70 degrees
roof angle inclusive
For roof angles of For roof angles
45 20 degrees or — — greater than
more 10 degrees
Yes, if required in
Yes, for special
special cases, but
roofs, but the
Special angle of the data is
data is limited to — —
pitch? limited to the
the roof system
roof systems as
as tested
tested
Unless the following text says that a parameter has no effect on the performance, no general rules can
be given. However, for some tests it is be possible to interpolate between or extrapolate from data
points from samples having a different value for a particular product and or end-use parameter. It is
also possible to group roof coverings/roof systems of a similar nature in order to derive a direct
application rule.
The influence of a combination of parameter changes on results from external fire exposure tests to
roofs may be inter-related. The combination of parameters that give the lowest performance in the test
shall be identified. If the combination giving the lowest performance cannot be identified, tests shall be
done on a series of combinations of the relevant parameters of the roof system.
Table 4 lists the potential impact on the external fire performance of a roof system from a variation of
parameters (as from Table 1), when tested according to CEN/TS 1187.
NOTE Specific effects, per product group, are provided in Annex A to Annex D for test methods 1 to 4,
respectively.
Table 4 — Potential impact of parameters and particular characteristics when tested according
to CEN/TS 1187
PRODUCT PARAMETERS FOR ROOF
Potential impact of parameter and/or its change
COVERINGS/ROOF SYSTEMS
Type of product Organic content/fire load
Organic content and/or fire load of the roof may be critical to the outcome of
the external fire exposure test e.g. as relevant for fire spread and fire
penetration. In some cases, the organic content of layers within the roof could
be protected from the effects of the external exposure. The effect of organic
content is therefore dependent on the available route for fire penetration into
and/or through the roof.
Product composition The composition of the product may influence the fire performance parameters
(in all tests).
Reaction-to-fire classification acc. to Any change of product to another reaction-to-fire classification according to
EN 13501-1 EN 13501-1 may have an effect on the external fire performance of the roof.
Colour (consider also pigments) Colour can affect the surface emissivity and absorptivity of the specimen under
test. Dark colours can heat up more quickly than light colours or shiny surfaces.
Binder content See type of product.
Thickness The thickness can have an influence on the fire performance.
Mass per unit area The mass per unit area can have an influence on the fire performance.
Density The density can have an influence on the fire performance.
Geometry (structure, shape and Geometry may influence the fire performance. The effect could vary depending
constitutive layers of multi-layer product) on the characteristics of parameters defining geometry (e.g. structure, profile,
shape and position of layers within a multi-layer product).
Air gaps (perpendicular to surface) Air gaps can influence the fire performance.
Joints The type and position of joints can influence the fire performance.
Surfacing The surfacing on the lower side (backing) and/or on the upper side (facing) can
influence the fire performance. Different types of coating or facing can have
very different behaviour in fire.
Factory (pre-)applied adhesive Characteristics of adhesives such as type, position and mass per unit area of the
adhesive can influence the fire performance e.g. by adding extra combustible
material to the product.
Reinforcement: mass per unit area, type of Characteristics of reinforcements such as type, position and mass per unit area
material; position within layer etc. can influence the fire performance, e.g. a non-combustible intermediate layer
may reduce the propensity for penetration.
END-USE PARAMETERS FOR ROOF
Potential impact of parameter and/or its change
COVERINGS/ROOF SYSTEMS
End-use parameters-general
Number of layers (see details for each Number of layers can influence the fire performance.
product)
Order of layers in the roofing system The order of layers can influence the fire performance.
Orientation of each layer The orientation of each layer can influence the fire performance. For example:
— For non-symmetrical products the effect on fire performance of the top
and bottom surfaces of a layer may be different.
— A different performance in fire may also be due to a directional effect at
one face (like a surface with linear trapezoid profiles). The flame spread
may be blocked or guided by the directional effect (the profile direction).
PRODUCT PARAMETERS FOR ROOF
Potential impact of parameter and/or its change
COVERINGS/ROOF SYSTEMS
End-use parameters-support
Roof pitch The roof pitch influences the fire performance. See Table 2.
Substrate or underlying construction Substrates/under-laying construction details (e.g. supporting deck) may
details influence the fire performance.
Important parameters include thickness, density, heat capacity, heat
conductivity, deformation and the contribution of the substrate/under-laying
construction details to the fire penetration.
Where the external layer is sufficiently inert to heat, the effect of the substrate
may be minimal.
In some cases CEN/TS 1187 makes reference to different substrates or
supporting decks for different end-use applications.
Application on existing roofs (“renovation”) Application on existing roofs (“renovation”) may influence the fire
performance.
Spacing of frame elements (non-standard- Spacing of frame elements (non-standard-support) may influence the fire
support) performance.
End-use parameters-mounting and fixing
Mounting method The method used to install products can influence the fire performance.
NOTE Some additional guidance on the influence of mounting methods is
given in CEN/TS 15447.
Fixing method (e.g. adhesive) The fixing method may influence the fire performance.
NOTE Some additional guidance on the influence of mounting methods is
given in CEN/TS 15447.
Distribution, spacing and type of Distribution, spacing and type of mechanical fixing (fasteners) may influence
mechanical fixing (fasteners) the fire performance.
Joints Joints (between products) may influence the fire performance.
Observations during fire tests have shown that
— Flames may reach the unexposed side of the product and the interior
layer(s) via the joints.
— Products may deform at the joints leading to small air gaps behind the
product.
— The presence of joint filler may also influence the test result.
NOTE Some additional guidance on the influence of mounting methods is
given in CEN/TS 15447.
Air gaps Air gaps (e.g. cavities) may influence the fire performance.
Observations during fire tests have shown that
— One effect of air gaps may be that flames attack both sides of the product
and reach lower layers.
— This attack may be caused by open joints or openings formed at joints
(vertical or horizontal) by whatever means under the exposure to fire in
the test.
— The heating of air in a partially enclosed space may lead to a chimney
effect, substantially increasing the severity of the thermal attack.
NOTE Some additional guidance on the influence of mounting methods is
given in CEN/TS 15447.
7 General guidance to the annexes for application rules
The general structure used follows the tabulated contents list for the annexes, as given in Table 5 below.
Table 5 outlines general information/product groups/components, where the effect of product
parameters and end-use application parameters has been evaluated.
NOTE 1 In the tables developed in the annexes, the term ‘as tested’ is used when an application rule for a
specific parameter does not yet exist. See also Definition 3.2.
Table 5 — Contents of annexes, arranged according to product groups (A.3.1/D.3.1 to
A.3.12/D.3.12), and information on the contribution of components (A.4.1 to A.4.5) to the fire
performance
ANNEX A ANNEX B ANNEX C ANNEX D
1 General text ×  ×  ×  ×
2 General rules ×  ×  ×  ×
Product Groups and components:
Product Groups
3.1 Slates and tiles
Non-metallic slates and
tiles, (Class A1 to A2 – s3,
3.1.1 ×  ×  ×  ×
d2; according to
EN 13501-1)
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.1.2 Metallic tiles
available available available available
Small elements (Class B –
3.2 s1, d0 to F, according to
EN 13501-1)
3.2.2 Bitumen shingles ×  ×  ×  ×
Miscellaneous small no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.2.3
elements available available available available
3.3 Reinforced bitumen sheets ×  ×  ×
Reinforced bitumen sheets
3.3    ×
and shingles
3.4 Plastic and rubber sheets ×  ×  ×  ×
Rooflights and Roof no EXAP rules
3.5 × Not applicable Not applicable
windows available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.6 Glazing systems Not applicable Not applicable
available available
Profiled non- metallic
3.7
sheets
Profiled fibre cement no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.7.1
sheets available available available available
Profiled bitumen based no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.7.2
sheets available available available available
Miscellaneous profiled no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.7.3
non-metallic sheets available available available available
ANNEX A ANNEX B ANNEX C ANNEX D
Composite metallic no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.8
sandwich panels available available available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.9 Profiled metal sheets
available available available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.10 Flat metal sheets
available available available available
Liquid applied roof no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.11 ×
waterproofing kits available available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
3.12 Miscellaneous
available available available available
Components
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
4.1 Adhesive ×
available available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
4.2 Separating layer ×
available available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
4.3 Insulation layer × not applicable
available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
4.4 Vapour barrier ×
available available available
no EXAP rules no EXAP rules
4.5 Supporting deck × not applicable
available available
× = rules available from the annexes
NOTE All cell entries under Annex A to Annex D are subject to revision if test evidence is available.
NOTE 2 For Annex B to Annex D: Rules for components are implemented in the particular product group
description.
Annex A
(normative)
Application rules for test results from CEN/TS 1187, test 1, per product
group and/or components
A.1 General
This annex gives guidance on the application of external fire test results arising from CEN/TS 1187,
test 1. This is done to assist classification according to EN 13501-5.
Rules for roof systems are arranged in this annex following the general structure outlined in Clause 7 of
the main document, for product groups and/or components.
NOTE The extent to which an individual component or layer is directly affected/damaged by the testing
conditions will be influenced by those layers and components used around them.
If rules listed in this annex do not apply for a specific product/end-use application parameter, the rule
“as tested” applies.
Rules on the influence of individual parameters shall be developed by application of the procedure(s)
outlined in Clause 5 of the main document.
The product groups and/or components are as detailed below.
The rules for individual product groups and/or components are preceded by:
A.2 General rules, valid for every product within a product group and/or component, for test 1.
The product groups include:
— A.3.1 Slates and Tiles;
— A.3.1.1 Non-metallic slates and tiles;
— A.3.1.2 Metallic tiles;
— A.3.2 Small elements;
— A.3.2.2 Bitumen shingles;
— A.3.2.3 Miscellaneous small elements;
— A.3.3 Reinforced bitumen sheets;
— A.3.4 Plastic and rubber sheets;
— A.3.5 Roof lights and roof windows;
— A.3.6 Glazing systems;
— A.3.7 Profiled non-metallic sheets;
— A.3.7.1 Profiled fibre cement sheets;
— A.3.7.2 Profiled bitumen based sheets;
— A.3.7.3 Miscellaneous profiled non-metallic sheets;
— A.3.8 Composite metallic sandwich panels;
— A.3.9 Profiled metal sheets;
— A.3.10 Flat metal sheets;
— A.3.11 Liquid applied roof waterproofing kits;
— A.3.12 Miscellaneous.
The components include:
— A.4.1 Adhesive;
— A.4.2
...