SIST EN 15427-1-1:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15427:2008+A1:2011
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 1-1. del: Oprema in uporaba -
Maziva za prirobnice
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-1: Equipment and
Application - Flange Lubricants
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-1:
Vorrichtungen und Anwendung - Spurkranzschmierung
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Partie 1-1 : Équipement et
application - Lubrification des boudins de roues
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15427-1-1:2022
ICS:
21.260 Mazalni sistemi Lubrication systems
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 15427-1-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 21.260; 45.040 Supersedes EN 15427:2008+A1:2010
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management -
Part 1-1: Equipment and Application - Flange Lubricants
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
roue/rail - Partie 1-1 : Équipement et application - Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-1: Vorrichtungen und
Lubrification des boudins de roues Anwendung - Spurkranzschmierstoffe
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15427-1-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 General . 7
4.1 Purpose of equipment . 7
4.2 Application of lubricant . 8
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment . 9
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment . 10
5.4 Operations, inspection and maintenance . 10
5.5 Application . 10
5.6 Verification . 11
6 Requirements for trackside equipment . 12
6.1 General . 12
6.2 Design of trackside equipment. 12
6.3 Installation of trackside equipment . 13
6.4 Operations, inspection and maintenance . 13
6.5 Application . 13
6.6 Verification . 15
Annex A (informative) Types of trainborne and trackside equipment . 16
A.1 Introduction . 16
A.2 Trainborne equipment . 16
A.2.1 Fluid lubricant application to the active interface . 16
A.2.2 Solid lubricant application to the wheel . 16
A.3 Trackside equipment . 16
A.3.1 Mechanically activated . 16
A.3.2 Hydraulically activated . 16
A.3.3 Electrically activated . 16
Annex B (informative) Guidance on approvals testing and verification . 17
B.1 General . 17
B.2 Process for system verification . 18
B.2.1 Baselining . 18
B.2.2 Approvals testing. 18
B.2.3 Measuring effectiveness. 18
Annex C (informative) Lubricant product performance - Field assessment . 19
C.1 General . 19
C.2 Product performance assessment . 19
C.3 Monitoring . 20
C.4 Outcome of trial . 20
Annex D (informative) Guidance on verification and optimization of the application
system . 21
D.1 General . 21
D.2 Trainborne equipment. 21
D.3 Trackside equipment . 21
D.4 Assessing the lubrication condition of rail or wheel (adhesive tape impression)
........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Annex E (informative) Installation and maintenance good practice for trainborne
equipment . 25
E.1 Reasons for installing trainborne equipment . 25
E.2 Positioning of applicator . 25
E.3 Information for maintenance of spray nozzles . 27
E.4 Information for maintenance of sticks . 28
Annex F (informative) Installation and maintenance good practice for trackside
equipment . 30
F.1 Selecting locations for trackside equipment . 30
F.2 Determination of applicator position . 30
F.3 Inspection and maintenance . 31
F.4 Records . 31
Bibliography . 32

European foreword
This document (EN 15427-1-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2022, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15427:2008+A1:2010.
This document is part of the following series:
— EN 15427-1-1, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-1: Equipment
and Application – Flange lubrication
— CEN/TS 15427-1-2, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-2:
Equipment and Application – Top of Rail materials
— CEN/TS 15427-1-3, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-3:
Equipment and Application – Adhesion materials
— EN 15427-2-1, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and
Characteristics – Flange lubricants
— CEN/TS 15427-2-2, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-2:
Properties and Characteristics – Top of Rail materials
— CEN/TS 15427-2-3, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-3:
Properties and Characteristics – Adhesion materials
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc) substances at the wheel-rail interface is
a complex subject and includes:
— lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange
or rail lubrication”;
— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface, commonly referred to as “check rail
lubrication”;
— altering the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread,
commonly referred to as “top of rail friction management”;
— applying materials to the wheel rail contact to increase (improve/ enhance/ recover) adhesion.
This document sets out requirements for the lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner and
back of flange/ check rail interface. It describes systems fitted on board trains and on the track, as
both systems may need to be employed to achieve effective lubrication of the wheel-rail interface.
Managing the wheel-rail interface effectively will reduce wear of both wheel and rail. When friction
is managed effectively, noise levels, wear levels and the risk of flange climbing are reduced.
Conversely, where not managed effectively, assets may require replacement prematurely before
reaching their full economic potential.
There needs to be control in the application of lubrication such that there is:
— no loss of traction or braking performance;
— no adverse effect on signalling systems or track circuits;
— understanding of the increased risk of fire;
— no harmful environmental effect;
— no incompatibility between the different lubricants/ materials in use, particularly, between
solid and fluid systems.
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for equipment used to apply lubricant to the interface
between the wheel flange and the gauge face of the rail, and contact area between the check rail
face and the back of the wheel (active interface), either directly or indirectly to the wheel flange or
to the rail, and includes both trainborne and trackside solutions.
This document specifies:
— the characteristics that systems of lubrication of the active interface should achieve, together
with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification;
— all relevant terminology which is specific to the lubrication of the active interface.
This document applies to the mainline railway.
NOTE This document can also be used for other railways, e.g urban rail.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
EN 15427-2-1:2022, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties
and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
active interface
contact area between wheel flange and the gauge face of the rail and contact area between the check
rail face and the back of the wheel
NOTE See Figures 1, 2 and 3.
3.2
applicator
part of trackside/trainborne equipment that delivers the lubricant to the active interface
EXAMPLE Nozzles or sticks.
3.3
trainborne equipment
system carried on the train that consists of one or more applicators, a storage unit and a means of
control
3.4
trackside equipment
system installed on or adjacent to the track that consists of one or more applicators, storage
containers and a means of control
3.5
railway undertaking
authority responsible for operating the train or their authorised representative
3.6
infrastructure manager
authority responsible for the infrastructure or their authorised representative
3.7
supplier
organisation responsible for supplying the equipment/ lubricant
3.8
lubricant
substance designed to alter friction at the active interface
3.9
technical specification
document defining other or additional requirements not defined in this standard
Note 1 to entry: Usually this is produced by and agreed between the customer and/or the manufacturer
(sometimes called the supplier) or even a railway undertaking or an infrastructure manager and can be an
accompaniment to contractual requirements.
3.10
top of rail material
substance that changes the coefficient of friction of the active interface
4 General
4.1 Purpose of equipment
The aim of the equipment is to apply the lubricant to the active interface to achieve wheel/rail
friction conditions that optimize asset life, as part of a wider wheel/rail management strategy,
without compromising the safe operation of the railway.
Wheel flange/ rail friction management may be used to reduce:
— noise and vibration;
— the rate of wear of the wheel and rail;
— number of wheel and rail defects.
The specific purpose for the use of trainborne/ trackside equipment and lubricants shall be
understood before deployment in order to achieve the desired outcome (e.g reduction in wear).
4.2 Application of lubricant
The trainborne/trackside equipment shall apply lubricant to take effect in the active interface as
set out in Clauses 5 and 6.
The trainborne/trackside lubrication equipment shall be designed to limit contamination of any
other part of the train or infrastructure.
The trainborne/ trackside lubrication system shall not compromise the performance of the train
(i.e braking and traction), see Annex B.
The application of the trainborne/trackside equipment shall be considered where both could be in
use at the same location.
Compatibility between different lubricants (such as flange lubricant and top of rail material/
adhesion material) in use shall be taken into account. Lubricant properties and characteristics shall
comply with the requirements set out in EN 15427-2-1:2022.
The applicator shall be adjustable such that it can be returned to its correct working position (see
Annex E) following wheel or rail reprofiling or other maintenance changes.
A method to determine when refilling is required shall be provided.
A method by which the equipment can be checked to ensure its functional status shall be provided.
The lubricant being applied to the active interface shall be approved for use by the relevant
authorizing bodies (see Annex B).
NOTE It is good practice for all affected parties (infrastructure manager/ railway undertaking/
suppliers) to discuss the final use as early as possible to ensure a smooth approval process.
Where there is any change to the approved design of the equipment, all affected parties shall be
informed. Such changes may lead to equipment requiring reapproval.
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment
5.1 General
The following general requirements shall be considered when designing and using the equipment:
— method of braking (e.g. tread, disk or other);
— position and number of applicator(s) on the vehicle;
— direction of travel;
— proximity of applicator to the wheel and the rail;
— speed of the train;
— frequency and amount of application.
The position and alignment of each applicator shall take into account:
— suspension movements to ensure application of the lubricant to the active interface in all
conditions;
— the need to gain access for maintenance.
The trainborne equipment shall comply with the vehicle gauge as set out in the technical
specification of the system.
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment
General considerations when designing and installing trainborne equipment shall include:
— ambient temperature range and climatic conditions (see EN 50125-1);
— equipment positioning – the design and location of the equipment shall factor in the
consideration for quick and easy refilling capability;
— space constraints, (static and dynamic);
— availability of necessary supplies, (e.g. electrical, air, hydraulic, etc.);
— options for system control and lubricant regulation;
— interface with other on-board systems, (e.g. braking);
— the type of lubricant to be applied and its intended function;
— total life cycle cost and maintainability;
— length/ type of train and vehicle architecture;
— interface with infrastructure systems;
— intended design life and sustainability;
— safety and reliability requirements;
— compliance with vibration and shock loads requirements of EN 61373 and EN 13749 relevant
to the position on the vehicle;
— protection of the equipment from flying objects eg track ballast;
— electromagnetic compatibility (see EN 50121-1);
— cross-wind effects (e.g. wind turbulence can affect the performance of a spray system which
could be optimized by use of a windbreak);
— electronic equipment used on rolling stock (EN 62621);
— compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems (see EN 50238-1);
— noise emissions;
— the type of lubricant to be applied, its characteristics and its intended function.
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment
The supplier of the trainborne equipment shall produce instructions for the installation and use of
the equipment.
Trainborne equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The installation shall be checked after a short period of service to ensure that the lubricant is being
applied correctly to the active interface, see Annex B.
5.4 Operations, inspection and maintenance
Maintenance instructions for the trainborne equipment shall be provided. These shall include a
method for fault diagnosis to check that the trainborne equipment is not partially or fully blocked
or misaligned, and that all components are securely attached to their mountings (see Annex D for
some examples).
A train maintenance plan shall also include a check of the trainborne equipment to be carried out
at pre-defined intervals, taking into account the equipment supplier’s instructions. This
maintenance plan shall include monitoring of lubricant usage and application alignment as a
method of checking effective delivery.
5.5 Application
The equipment shall be designed so that the rate of application of the lubricant is consistent during
the agreed service conditions in the technical specification.
Where lubricants are manually applied by the driver, consideration shall be given to record this
action.
Any trainborne equipment using a spray applicator shall have a low speed cut out.
A high speed cut out should be considered for trainborne equipment design.
The lubricant shall be applied to areas “2” and “3” for lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge
corner interface and to “6” for lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface as shown in
Figure 1.
Migration of lubricant to other zones is not desirable.
Key
1 tread
2 flange root
3 flange face
4 flange toe
5 flange tip
6 back of wheel
Figure 1 — Areas of a wheel tread
5.6 Verification
Verification of the trainborne equipment shall be undertaken to establish the effective application
of the lubricant. The method chosen shall depend on the type of equipment and shall be relevant to
the application.
The method of verification shall be agreed in the technical specification, see Annex B.
6 Requirements for trackside equipment
6.1 General
When applying trackside equipment to the active interface, the following shall be considered:
— length of site to be treated;
— number of applicators to be installed;
— direction of train travel (e.g single directional or bi-directional running);
— application and position at switches and crossings;
— frequency of traffic;
— speed of traffic;
— approach to signals;
— use in stations.
The position of the trackside equipment shall take into account:
— the need to gain access for maintenance;
— any hazards associated with localized contamination, e.g. if equipment is placed adjacent to
platforms, pedestrian/vehicle crossings, water courses, or other areas where local reg
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