ISO/FDIS 31915-3

ISO/TC 20/SC 9
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2025-11-272026-01-13
Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — —
Part 3:
Vibration measurement methods and reduction
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs — Exigences générales —
Partie 3: Vibrations, réduction et méthodes de mesure
FDIS stage
prEN ISO/FDIS 31915-3:2025 (E2026(en)
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Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 List of hazards . 2
5 Safety requirements and/or protective risk reduction measures . 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Vibration reduction . 2
5.3 Quantities to be measured . 3
5.4 Instrumentation . 3
5.5 Measurement location . 4
5.6 Set up and equipment . 4
5.7 Measurement procedure and validity . 8
5.8 Test report . 9
5.9 Declaration of vibration emission values . 10
6 Verification of the safety requirements . 10
7 Information for use . 10
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 12
Annex B (informative) Guidance for reporting vibration data . 13
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered . 14
Bibliography . 15

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 9, Air cargo and ground equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 274, Aircraft ground support equipment, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 31915 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The aim of this document is to deal with vibration as a hazard and to provide methods for the measurement
and reduction of vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers of ground support equipment
(GSE) when driving. See EN 1032:2003+A1:2008 for determining whole body vibrations under stationary
operating conditions and hand-arm vibrations.
The results obtained can also be used to compare GSE of the same category or a given GSE when equipped
with different seats or tyres, etc.
Fitting different seats, changing the tyre specification, etc. can lead to different vibration values. Due to the
specific operation of GSE, however, EN 1032:2003+A1:2008 cannot be applied directly for whole body
vibration under driving conditions, and therefore, the preparation of this document for GSE has become
necessary.
This document cannot be used for field measurements to determine the daily exposure of the driver to
vibration.
This document is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— — machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— — health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the above-
mentioned stakeholder groups:
— — machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— — machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— — service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— — consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process
of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.”.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
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When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
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DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 31915-3:2025(en)

Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — —
Part 3:
Vibration measurement methods and reduction
1 Scope
This document is applicable to whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for
determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing or seated on freely
moveable ground support equipment (GSE) when driving, for purposes of type evaluation and declaration.
This document also specifies methods for verifying vibration emission. This document is applicable to self-
powered GSE only.
The test results do not apply to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons.
This Documentdocument is intended to be used in conjunction with the different parts of the EN 1915, series
and the EN 12312 as listed in the forewordseries.
This document does not apply to GSE manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
EN 1032:2003+A1:2008, Mechanical vibration — Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the
vibration emission value
EN 1915--1:2023, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 1: Basic safety
requirements
EN 12096:1997, Mechanical vibration — Declaration and verification of vibration emission values
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery -— General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 2041:2018, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 5805:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Human exposure — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010, EN 1915--1:2023,
ISO 2041:2018 and ISO 5805:1997 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
prEN ISO/FDIS 31915-3:2025 (E2026(en)
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
3.1 Wheel
wheel mean diameter
arithmetic mean of each of the outside diameters of the load bearing wheels
EXAMPLE If the first wheel of the ground support equipment (GSE) (3.3GSE) has the diameter D , the second wheel
diameter D2 etc., the wheel mean diameter equals
𝐷𝐷 +𝐷𝐷 +⋯ +𝐷𝐷
1 2 𝑛𝑛
𝑛𝑛
where n is the total number of wheels.
Note 1 to entry: The outside diameter D is the maximum in service diameter specified by the tyre's manufacturer.
3.13.2 3.2
seat pan
seat surface on which the driver is seated
3.3
Ground Support Equipment
3.3
ground support equipment
GSE
piece of moveable or stationary equipment, whether or not powered or self-propelled, purposed, designed,
built and used for ground handling, servicing or field maintenance of civil transport aircraft on the ramp area
of an airport
4 List of hazards
This list of risks and hazards (given in Annex A, Table A.1Annex A, Table A.1)) is based on EN ISO 12100:2010
and contains the hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified
by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce
risks.
See also the complementary list of hazards in the different parts of the EN 1915 series and the EN 12312 as
listed in the forewordseries.
5 Safety requirements and/or protective risk reduction measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this
clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for relevant
but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Vibration reduction
Vibration emission is a significant hazard, which shall be reduced to the lowest level taking into account the
technical progress and the available technical measures for vibration control.
The main source causing whole body vibration is the interaction between the machine and the surface of the
ground.
Measures for reducing the vibrations can be:
— — pneumatic instead of solid tyres;
— — suspension;
— — vibration isolated cabin;
— — suspension seat;
— — shock absorbers.
After taking all possible general technical measures for vibration reduction at design and manufacturing, the
instruction handbook shall identify any additional vibration reduction measures, which can be taken by the
user. Furthermore, it shall, where appropriate, recommend organisational measures such as the use of low-
vibration operating modes, and/or limited time of operation.
5.3 Quantities to be measured
The following quantities shall be measured:
a) a) The root mean square (r.m.s.) acceleration (𝑎𝑎¯ ) of whole body vertical frequency — weighted
wz
vibration in accordance with EN 1032:2003+A1:2008.
Measurements shall be made in the vertical (z) direction. If there are substantial vibration components as
specified in EN 1032:2003+A1:2008, Clause 6 in the horizontal directions, the summation a shall be
w
measured, calculated and declared according to EN 1032:2003+A1:2008.
— — Standing driver
𝑎𝑎¯ is the mean value of n root--mean--square frequency weighted vertical acceleration values of a valid
wzF
test series measured on the floor of the driving position with one standing driver.
— — Seated driver
𝑎𝑎¯ is the average of acceleration mean values obtained for each of the two drivers for a valid test series
wzS
measured on the seat base under the seated driver.
NOTE 1 The subscripts "F" and "S" designate “floor” and “seat”;
b) b) The mean GSE speed when travelling on the test track. This may be determined from the time taken to
drive along the test track or by means of the measuring instruments specified in 5.4.55.4.5.
c) c) Pneumatic tyre pressures (see also 5.6.2.25.6.2.2).).
d) d) Ambient air temperature.
NOTE 2 If a standard vehicle is used for the GSE, and declaration data for vibration are given by the manufacturer,
these values can form the basis for the vibration declaration for the GSE provided that the application of the standard
chassis to the use as airport GSE does not imply changes in design or construction which affect the vibration
characteristics.
5.4 Instrumentation
5.4.1 General
The instrumentation shall be in accordance with EN 1032:2003+A1:2008.
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5.4.2 Transducers
Mounting of vibration transducers shall be in accordance with EN 1032:2003+A1:2008, 7.2.
On a seat pan, the transducer shall be mounted in a semi rigid disc as described in EN 1032:2003+A1:2008,
7.2.
On the floor, the transducer shall be firmly
...