ISO 15840:2004

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15840
First edition
2004-04-01

Ships and marine technology — Standard
specification for thermosetting resin
fibreglass pipe and fittings to be used for
marine applications
Navires et technologie maritime — Spécification normalisée pour les
tuyaux et raccords en résine thermodurcissable avec renforcement en
fibre de verre pour des applications maritimes




Reference number
ISO 15840:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO 15840:2004(E)
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Classification. 3
5 Ordering information. 5
6 Performance requirements. 6
7 Other requirements. 7
8 Inspection and sampling. 7
9 Appearance and workmanship. 9
10 Product marking. 11
11 Certification. 11
Annex A (normative) Determination of internal pressure rating for pipes, fittings and joints. 12
Annex B (normative) Fire performance tests . 13
Annex C (normative) Electrical property test methods for conductive fibreglass piping . 24
Annex D (informative) Fire endurance requirements matrix [excerpt from IMO Res. A.753(18)]. 30
Bibliography . 34

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ISO 15840:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15840 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 3, Piping and machinery.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15840:2004(E)

Ships and marine technology — Standard specification for
thermosetting resin fibreglass pipe and fittings to be used for
marine applications
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to reinforced thermosetting resin pipe systems with nominal diameter
(DN) 0 through 1 200 mm and nominal pipe sizes (NPS) 0 through 48, which are to be used in marine piping
systems.
Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in English units are for information
only.
The dimensionless designators DN and NPS have been substituted for traditional terms such as “nominal
diameter”, “size”, and “nominal size”.
The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods that are included in this International
Standard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B16.1:1998, Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B16.5:1996, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D883, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
ASTM D1598, Standard Test Method for Time-To-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
ASTM D1599, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe,
Tubing, and Fittings
ASTM D2310, Standard Classification for Machine-Made Fibreglass (Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe
ASTM D2583, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol
Impressor
ASTM D2584, Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
ASTM D2924, Standard Test Method for External Pressure Resistance of Fibreglass (Glass-Fibre-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
ASTM D2992: 2001, Standard Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure Design Basis for Fibreglass
(Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D3567, Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of Fibreglass (Glass-Fibre-Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
ASTM E1529: 2000, Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on
Structural Members and Assemblies
ASTM F412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
International Maritime Organisation (IMO), International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Resolution A.753 (18), Guidelines for the Application of Plastic
Pipes on Ships
IMO Resolution MSC 61 (67), International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures
1)
ISO 75-1:— , Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 1: General test
method
2)
ISO 75-2:— , Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and
ebonite
ISO 4901, Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester resins — Determination of residual styrene
monomer content
ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements
ISO 11357-2 Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 2: Determination of glass transition
temperature
National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) International, Standard 61 Drinking Water System Components —
Health Effects
United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Offshore Technology Report (OTI) 95 634, Jet-Fire
Resistance Test of Passive Fire Protection Materials
United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21 — Food and Drugs, Sections
175.105,177.2280,177.2410 and 177.2420.
United States CFR, Title 46 — Shipping
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ASTM D883 and ASTM F412 and the
following apply.
3.1
continuously conductive
pipe and fittings made conductive using continuous conductive filaments, liners or layers

1) To be published. Revision of ISO 75-1:1993.
2) To be published. Revision of ISO 75-2:1992.
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
3.2
homogeneously conductive
pipe and fittings made conductive using a resin additive so that conductivity is maintained between any two
points on the pipe or fitting
NOTE For conveying non-conducting fluids (those having conductance less than 1 000 picosiemens per metre), pipe
systems which are homogeneously conductive or have conductivity from the inside surface to the outside surface are
recommended.
3.3
maximum operating pressure
highest pressure that can exist in a system or subsystem under normal operating conditions
3.4
non-conducting fluid
fluid having conductance less than 1 000 picosiemens per metre
3.5
representative piping system
system composed of a single manufacturer’s pipes, fittings, joints and adhesives that would normally be used
by a customer or installer
4 Classification
4.1 General
Pipe and fittings are to be classified using the system described in 4.2 through 4.6, which are similar to the
requirements of ASTM D2310 for pipe.
4.2 Types
The following are pipe and fitting types:
a) Type I — Filament wound
b) Type II — Centrifugally cast
c) Type III — Moulded (fittings only)
4.3 Resin
The following are examples of resin classifications:
a) Resin 1 — Epoxy resin
b) Resin 2 — Vinylester resin
c) Resin 3 — Polyester resin
d) Resin 4 — Phenolic resin
e) Resin 5 — Customer-specified resin
4.4 Class
The following represent class types:
a) Class A — No liner
b) Class B — Reinforced liner
c) Class C — Non-reinforced liner
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
4.5 Pressure rating (see Annex A)
The following are examples of pressure test classifications:
a) Rating Method 1 — Short-term test
b) Rating Method 2 — Medium-term (1 000 h) test
c) Rating Method 3 — Long-term (10 000 h) test
d) Rating Method 4 — Long-term (10 000 h) regression test
4.6 Fire endurance (see Annex B)
4.6.1 Fluid
The following fluid types are specified for fire endurance testing:
a) Fluid E — Empty
b) Fluid EF — Initially empty for 5 min, followed by flowing water. [Fluid velocity of 1 m/s (3 ft/s) maximum
during qualification test.]
c) Fluid S — Stagnant water
4.6.2 Fire type
The following represent types of fire test:
2 2 2
a) Fire Type JF — Jet fire with heat flux between 300 kW/m and 400 kW/m (95 100 Btu/h/ft and
2
126 800 Btu/h/ft )

2 2
b) Fire Type IF — Impinging flame with heat flux of 113,6 kW/m (36 011 Btu/hr/ft )
c) Fire Type HF — Hydrocarbon furnace test at 1 100 °C (2 012 °F).
4.6.3 Integrity
The following represent various classifications of piping integrity:
a) Integrity A — No leakage during or after test
b) Integrity B — No leakage during fire test except a slight weeping may be accepted. Capable of
maintaining rated pressure for a minimum of 15 min with a leakage rate of 0,2 l/min (0,05 gal/min) after
cooling.
c) Integrity C — Minimal or no leakage [less than or equal to 0,5 l/min (0,13 gal/min)] during fire test.
Capable of maintaining rated pressure with a customer-specified leakage rate after cooling.
4.6.4 Duration
The duration of the test shall be expressed in minutes and shall be specified or approved by the authority
having jurisdiction.
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
5 Ordering information
5.1 General
When ordering pipe and fittings in accordance with this International Standard, the items described in 5.2
through 5.5 should be specified:
5.2 Service conditions
The following service conditions should be specified:
a) Fluid being transported
b) Design temperature (see 6.6)
c) Internal design pressure
d) External design pressure
5.3 General information
The following general information should be specified:
a) Type (see 4.2)
b) Resin (see 4.3)
c) Class (see 4.4)
5.4 Fire endurance
The following information regarding fire endurance should be specified:
a) Fluid (see 4.6.1)
b) Fire type (see 4.6.2)
c) Integrity (see 4.6.3)
d) Flame-spread rating (see 6.4)
e) Smoke and other toxic products of combustion (see 6.5)
5.5 Additional required information
The following additional required information should be specified:
a) Pressure rating method (Internal only) (see 4.5)
b) Size (DN and/or NPS)
c) Manufacturer’s identification (part number, product name, etc.)
d) Specific job requirements (i.e. potable water usage, electrical conductivity)
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
6 Performance requirements
6.1 Internal pressure
All components included in the piping system shall have pressure ratings suitable for the intended service.
Pressure ratings shall be determined in accordance with Annex A using the method specified by the customer
or a longer-term method, if available. If, for example, a rating method 2 (medium-term test) is specified and
data for rating method 3 (long-term test) is available, then the long-term test data are acceptable. Note that,
for some components, particularly specialty fittings, long-term testing is not practical and ratings for these
items will typically be determined using rating method 1.
6.2 External pressure
All pipe included in the piping system shall have external pressure ratings suitable for the intended service.
External pressure ratings shall be determined by dividing the results of ASTM D2924 by a minimum safety
factor of 3.
6.3 Fire endurance
The piping system shall have the fire endurance required by the authority having jurisdiction based on the
intended location and service. Fire endurance shall be determined using the appropriate method in Annex B.
6.4 Flame spread
The authority having jurisdiction shall designate any flame spread requirements based on the location of the
piping. For ships, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs), and floating oil production platforms subject to the
requirements of SOLAS or Title 46 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, performance shall be determined
by test procedures given in IMO Resolution MSC.61 (67), Annex 1, Part 5 — Test for Surface Flammability, as
modified for pipes in Appendix 3 of IMO Resolution A.753 (18).
6.5 Smoke and other toxic products of combustion
The authority having jurisdiction shall designate any smoke and toxicity requirements based on the location of
the piping. For ships, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs), and floating oil production platforms subject to
the requirements of SOLAS or Title 46 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, performance shall be
determined by test procedures given in IMO Resolution MSC.61 (67), Annex 1, Part 2 — Smoke and Toxicity
Test, as modified in Clause B.9.
6.6 Temperature
For epoxy resins, the maximum allowable design temperature shall be 30 °C less than the glass transition
temperature (T ) of the resin used in the qualified component 8.1.4. For polyester and vinyl ester resins, the
g
maximum allowable design temperature shall be 20 °C less than the heat distortion temperature (HDT) of the
resin used in the qualified component determined in accordance with ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2.
6.7 Material compatibility
The piping material shall be chemically compatible with the fluid being carried and any fluid in which it may be
immersed.
6.8 Electrical resistance
5 4
Conductive piping systems shall have a resistance per unit length not exceeding 1 × 10 Ω/m (3,05 × 10 Ω/ft)
when tested in accordance with Clause C.2. Resistance to earth at any location on an installed piping system
6
shall be no greater than 1 × 10 Ω.
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
6.9 Static charge shielding
Conductive piping systems shall have a maximum resulting voltage not exceeding 2 % of the supply voltage
induced on the exterior surface of the pipe when tested in accordance with Clause C.1.
6.10 Potable water usage
The material, including pipe, fittings, adhesive, and any elastomeric gaskets required, shall have no adverse
effect on the health of personnel when used for potable water service. Material shall conform to NSF
International, Standard 61 or meet the requirements of FDA regulations 21 CFR 175.105 and
21 CFR 177.2280, 21 CFR 177.2410, or 21 CFR 177.2420.
7 Other requirements
Standard flanges shall have bolt patterns in accordance with ASME B16.5:1996, Class 150 for nominal pipe
sizes 610 mm (24 inch) and smaller, and in accordance with ASME B16.1:1998, Class 125 for larger flanges.
Consult the manufacturer’s literature for bolt length, torque specifications and tightening sequence.
8 Inspection and sampling
8.1 Pipe
8.1.1 Pressure tests: a minimum of 10 % of pipe joints shall be tested at a pressure of not less than
1,5 times the pipe-system pressure rating.
8.1.2 Lot size: a lot of pipe shall consist of 150 joints, or fractions thereof, of one size, wall thickness, and
grade in continuous production.
8.1.3 Short-term hydrostatic burst tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D1599 at a minimum
frequency of one test per lot. If the measured value is less than 85 % of the published value, the lot is rejected
or subject to retest.
8.1.4 The degree of cure shall be determined by either measuring the glass transition temperature in
accordance with ISO 11357-2, the residual styrene content in accordance with ISO 4901, or the barcol
hardness in accordance with ASTM D2583. The minimum frequency shall be one test per production lot. The
following shall apply, depending upon the method used to determine the degree of cure:
 If the glass transition temperature is 5,5 °C (10 °F) less than the value in the manufacturer's
specifications, the lot shall be rejected or subject to retest.
 If the styrene content is more than 2 % of the resin content by weight, the lot shall be rejected or subject
to retest.
 If the barcol hardness is less than 90 % of the value in the manufacturers specification, the lot shall be
rejected or subject to retest.
8.1.5 The glass content (mass fraction expressed as percentage) of at least one sample per production lot
shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2584. If the measured glass content is not within 5 % of the
value in the manufacturer’s specification, the lot is rejected or subject to retest.
8.1.6 The total wall thickness and reinforced wall thickness shall be determined using ASTM D3567 once
per every production lot. The total and reinforced wall thickness shall be as specified in Table 1. Any out-of-
tolerance components shall be rejected and the remainder of the lot shall be subject to retest.
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
8.2 Fittings
8.2.1 Pressure tests: a minimum of 10 % of each fitting lot shall be tested at a pressure of not less than
1,5 times the pipe-system pressure rating. All samples shall hold the test pressure for a minimum of 2 min.
8.2.2 Lot size: a lot shall consist of 50 fittings or one day’s production of a specific fitting.
8.2.3 Short-term hydrostatic burst tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D1599 at a minimum
frequency of one test per lot. If the measured value is less than 85 % of the published value, the lot is rejected
or subject to retest.
8.2.4 The degree of cure shall be determined by either measuring the glass transition temperature in
accordance with ISO 11357-2, the residual styrene content in accordance with ISO 4901, or the barcol
hardness in accordance with ASTM D2583. The minimum frequency shall be one test per production lot. The
following shall apply, depending upon the method used to determine the degree of cure:
 If the glass transition temperature is 5,5 °C (10 °F) less than the value in the manufacturer's
specifications, the lot shall be rejected or subject to retest.
 If the styrene content is more than 2 % of the resin content by weight, the lot shall be rejected or subject
to retest.
 If the barcol hardness is less than 90 % of the value in the manufacturer's specification, the lot shall be
rejected or subject to retest.
8.2.5 The glass content (mass fraction expressed as percentage) of at least one sample per production lot
shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2584. If the measured glass content is not within 5 % of the
value in the manufacturer’s specification, the lot is rejected or subject to retest.
8.2.6 The total wall thickness and reinforced wall thickness shall be determined using ASTM D3567 once
per every production lot. The total and reinforced wall thickness shall be as specified in Table 1. Any out-of-
tolerance components shall be rejected and the remainder of the lot shall be subject to retest.
8.3 Flanges and mitred fittings
8.3.1 Pressure tests: one mitred fitting from each lot shall be tested to a pressure equal to or greater than
1,5 times the pipe system rating. All samples shall hold the pressure for a minimum of 2 min.
8.3.2 Lot size: a lot shall consist of 20 flanges or 10 mitred fittings of any given configuration.
8.3.3 The degree of cure shall be determined by either measuring the glass transition temperature in
accordance with ISO 11357-2, the residual styrene content in accordance with ISO 4901, or the barcol
hardness in accordance with ASTM D2583. The minimum frequency shall be one test per production lot. The
following shall apply, depending upon the method used to determine the degree of cure:
 If the glass transition temperature is 5,5 °C (10 °F) less than the value in the manufacturer's
specifications, the lot shall be rejected or subject to retest.
 If the styrene content is more than 2 % of the resin content by weight, the lot shall be rejected or subject
to retest.
 If the barcol hardness is less than 90 % of the value in the manufacturers specification, the lot shall be
rejected or subject to retest.
8.3.4 The glass content (mass fraction expressed as percentage) of at least one sample per production lot
shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2584. If the measured glass content is not within 5 % of the
value in the manufacturer’s specification the lot is rejected or subject to retest.
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
8.3.5 The total wall thickness and reinforced wall thickness shall be determined using ASTM D3567 once
per every production lot. The total and reinforced wall thickness shall be as specified in Table 1. Any out-of-
tolerance components shall be rejected and the remainder of the lot shall be subject to retest.
Table 1 — Wall thickness tolerances
Dimension Tolerance
a
Total wall thickness
+ 22,5 %
− 0 %
a
Reinforced wall thickness
+22,5 %
− 0 %
a
The tolerance on total and reinforced wall thickness for fittings
shall refer to the manufacturer’s designated location on the body of
the fitting.
8.4 Retest
If any test result in 8.1, 8.2 and/or 8.3 fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer may
elect to reject the entire lot, or retest two additional samples from the same lot. If both of the retest specimens
conform to the requirements, all items in the lot shall be accepted except the sample that initially failed. If one
or both of the retest samples fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer may reject the
entire lot or test individually for the remaining samples in the lot in accordance with 8.1.1, 8.2.1 or 8.3.1, as
applicable. Note that, in the final case, all samples need only be subjected to the tests that the original
samples failed.
8.5 Production quality documentation
The manufacturer shall have manufacturing procedures for each component to be supplied, raw material test
certificates for each component to be used in manufacturing, and production quality-control reports available
for the procurement officer.
9 Appearance and workmanship
All pipe, fittings and spools shall be visually inspected for compliance with the requirements stated in Table 2,
and, if appropriate, either repaired or rejected. After all minor repairs, a pressure test in accordance with 8.1.1,
8.2.1, or 8.3.1 shall be performed on the component.
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
Table 2 — Visual inspection requirements
Defect type Description Acceptance criteria Corrective action
Burn Thermal decomposition indicated None permitted Reject
by distortion or discolouration of
the laminate surface.
Chip Small piece broken from edge or If there are undamaged fibres Minor repair
surface. If reinforcement fibres exposed over any area; or no
are broken, the damage is fibres are exposed but an area
considered as a crack. greater than 10 mm × 10 mm
(0,4 in × 0,4 in) lacks resin.
 If no fibres are exposed, and the Accept
area lacking resin is less than
10 mm × 10mm (0,4 in × 0,4 in)
Crack Actual separation of the laminate None permitted Reject
that is visible on opposite
surfaces and often extends
through the wall. Reinforcement
fibres are often visible/broken.
Crazing Fine hairline cracks at or under Crack lengths greater than 25,4 Minor repair
the surface of the laminate. White mm (1,0 in)
areas are not visible.
 Crack lengths less than 25,4 mm Accept
(1,0 in)
Dry spot Area of incomplete surface film None permitted Reject
where the reinforcement has not
been wetted by resin.
Fracture Rupture of the laminate with None permitted Reject
complete penetration. Majority of
fibres broken. Visible as lighter
coloured area of interlaminar
separation.
Inclusion Foreign matter wound into the None permitted in structural wall. Reject
laminate (Treat the same as pit if located
at the surface.
Pit (pinhole) Small crater in the surface of the Diameter greater than 0,8 mm Minor repair
laminate. Width is of the same (0,032 in) and/or depth greater
order of magnitude as the depth. than 10 % of wall thickness
 Diameter less than 0,8 mm Accept
(0,032 in) and depth less than
10 % of wall thickness
Restriction Excessive resin, adhesive, or None permitted Remove by careful grinding.
foreign matter on the internal wall
of pipe/fittings.
Wear scratch Shallow mark caused by improper Undamaged fibres exposed over Minor repair
handling, storage, and/or any area, or no fibres are
transportation. If reinforcement exposed but an area greater than
fibres are broken, the damage is 10 mm × 10 mm (0,4 in × 0,4 in)
considered to be a crack. lacks resin
 No fibres exposed and the area Accept
lacking resin is less than
10 mm × 10 mm (0,4 in × 0,4 in)
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ISO 15840:2004(E)
10 Product marking
Pipe and fittings shall be marked with the name, brand or trademark of the manufacturer, standard pipe size,
manufacture date, press
...