ISO/IEC 30163:2021

ISO/IEC 30163
Edition 1.0 2021-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

colour
inside
Internet of Things (IoT) – System requirements of IoT and sensor network
technology-based integrated platform for chattel asset monitoring


ISO/IEC 30163:2021-03(en)

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ISO/IEC 30163


Edition 1.0 2021-03




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD








colour

inside










Internet of Things (IoT) – System requirements of IoT and sensor network

technology-based integrated platform for chattel asset monitoring


























INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION






ICS 35.020; 35.240.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-9442-0



  Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

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– 2 – ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 Motivation . 5
6 System infrastructure description of the integrated IoT/SN system . 6
7 System requirements of the IoT/SN technology-based integrated platform . 8
7.1 General system functional requirements for the integrated platform . 8
7.1.1 General . 8
7.1.2 Functional requirements for the entities in UD . 8
7.1.3 Functional requirements for the entities in OMD . 8
7.1.4 Functional requirements for the entities in ASD . 9
7.1.5 Functional requirements for the entities in the ACD . 10
7.1.6 Functional requirements for the entities in the SCD . 10
7.2 General system performance requirements for the integrated platform . 11
7.2.1 General . 11
7.2.2 Performance requirements for the entities in the UD, OMD, ASD, and
ACD . 12
7.2.3 Performance requirements for the entities in the SCD while in
warehouse . 14
7.2.4 Performance requirements for the entities in the SCD while in transit . 15
8 System interface descriptions between the entities . 16
Bibliography . 20

Figure 1 – Involved parties and their relationships in chattel mortgage financial
services . 6
Figure 2 – System infrastructure of the IoT/SN integrated system . 7

Table 1 – Performance requirements of weight sensing . 14
Table 2 – Performance requirements of position sensing . 14
Table 3 – Performance requirements of contour sensing . 14
Table 4 – Performance requirements of video sensing . 15
Table 5 – Performance requirements of unauthorized access or intruder detection . 15
Table 6 – Performance requirements of gateway in warehouse . 15
Table 7 – Performance requirements of in-transit movement sensing . 15
Table 8 – Performance requirements of gateway in transit . 16
Table 9 – Interface description . 16

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ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021 – 3 –
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) –
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS OF IOT AND SENSOR NETWORK
TECHNOLOGY-BASED INTEGRATED PLATFORM
FOR CHATTEL ASSET MONITORING

FOREWORD
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International Standard ISO/IEC 30163 was prepared by subcommittee 41: Internet of Things
and related technologies, of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1: Information technology.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
JTC1-SC41/189/FDIS JTC1-SC41/204/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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– 4 – ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021
INTRODUCTION
In traditional chattel mortgage processes, the financial industry lacks standardized
management for accessing chattel assets' information, assessing them and sharing the asset
and mortgage information among stakeholders such as financial institutions. Furthermore,
there is no standardized chattel asset monitoring and tracking (or no monitoring at all) which
can quantify and validate chattel assets used as mortgage for loan applications. Even worse,
some bad actors commit fraudulent activities by taking advantage of loopholes (i.e. no
monitoring and lack of shared information), which damages both the financial and the chattel
asset industries.
To resolve and avoid the unnecessary high risks borne by both financial and the chattel asset
industries, sensor network (SN) and IoT technologies are highly applicable to real-time
monitoring and tracking of stored and mobile chattel assets, although such kinds of
technologies were not available in the past. However, no single SN or IoT technology will
satisfy the entirety of chattel asset monitoring and tracking that can be accepted by
stakeholders, especially the financial institution stakeholders. It will be an integrated system
of multiple SN and IoT technologies, which will satisfy the requirements of the stakeholders.
By standardizing the system requirements of the integrated IoT/SN system, the real-time, on-
demand, continual mobile asset monitoring and tracking can be achieved, for example, to
verify the chattel assets' physical characteristics (weight, volume, location, etc.) during
storage and in transit, to evaluate the chattel assets' true and actual market values, to
validate the legitimacy of the chattel assets, etc.
This document promotes the development of the integrated IoT/SN platform for chattel asset
mortgage management, which enables on-demand, real-time, continual chattel asset
monitoring and tracking with verification, quantification, evaluation, and validation. This
standardized integrated platform prevents fraudulent activities, protecting the chattel assets
owned by the mobile asset industry and reducing unnecessary high risks borne by the
financial institution. Furthermore, this document fills the gap between financial systems and
the integrated platform utilizing the SN and IoT technologies.

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ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021 – 5 –
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) –
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS OF IOT AND SENSOR NETWORK
TECHNOLOGY-BASED INTEGRATED PLATFORM
FOR CHATTEL ASSET MONITORING



1 Scope
This document specifies the system requirements of an Internet of Things (IoT) and Sensor
Network (SN) technology-based platform for chattel asset monitoring supporting financial
services, including:
– system infrastructure that describes functional components;
– system and functional requirements during the entire chattel asset management process,
including chattel assets in transition, in/out of warehouse, storage, mortgage, etc.;
– performance requirements and performance specifications of each functional component;
– interface definition of the integrated platform system.
This document is applicable to the design and development of IoT/SN system for chattel asset
monitoring supporting financial services.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Abbreviated terms
ACD access and communication domain
ASD application and service domain
OMD operation and management domain
PED physical entity domain
RA reference architecture
SCD sensing and controlling domain
UD user domain
5 Motivation
The chattel mortgage process usually consists of five steps, as shown in Figure 1.

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– 6 – ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021

Figure 1 – Involved parties and their relationships
in chattel mortgage financial services
1) Party A submits loan applications to Party B.
2) Party B authorizes Party C to deliver the chattel mortgage service, which is an
organization responsible for monitoring and evaluating the chattel assets, usually owned
by a third-party.
3) Party A mortgages its chattel asset to Party C.
4) Party C issues chattel asset evaluation for Party B, which acts as an important evidence in
judging the loan repayment capacity of Party A.
5) After reviewing the loan application from Party A, the loan application evaluation by
Party B, and the asset validation and evaluation report from Party C, Party B makes its
final decision whether or not to approve the loan application from Party A.
Traditionally the responsibilities of Party C have been taken by humans, which makes the
mobile assets vulnerable to fraudulent activities. For example, Company A applies for loans
from Bank A using chattel mortgage, where mobile assets are stored in Warehouse A.
However, Company B can illegally use mobile assets stored in Warehouse A that belong to
Company A to apply for loans from Bank B. This case can occur because Bank B has no
information for mobile assets stored in Warehouse A. The information asymmetry between
banks causes lack of effective management on monitoring collateral assets. Another example
could be that Company A illegally delivers those mobile assets stored in Warehouse A to
Warehouse B for repeated applications for loans from Bank B. This can also occur because
there is no standardized management for in- and out-of-warehouse check of collateral assets.
To avoid the unnecessary loss of both financial and the chattel asset industries, this
document provides the standardization of the IoT/SN platform, which integrates multiple SN
and IoT technologies to realize the real-time, on-demand, continual chattel asset monitoring
and tracking.
6 System infrastructure description of the integrated IoT/SN system
Figure 2 illustrates the system infrastructure of the IoT/SN integrated system for chattel asset
and mortgage management. This system consists of six domains, which are in accordance
with the IoT Reference Architecture (IoT RA) specified in ISO/IEC 30141.

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ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021 – 7 –

Figure 2 – System infrastructure of the IoT/SN integrated system
Each domain that maps to the IoT RA as shown in Figure 2 is described below.
1) Physical entity domain (PED) consists of chattel assets being monitored and tracked,
where the examples of chattel assets can be steel coil, minerals, textile raw materials, etc.
2) Sensing and controlling domain (SCD) realizes sensing and controlling of the chattel
assets. It contains functional entities for weight sensing, position sensing, contour sensing,
video sensing, movement sensing, etc.
3) Application and service domain (ASD) provides asset monitoring and tracking services for
the users in the user domain (UD), which is categorized into two levels: basic service and
business service. Basic service provides support for business services, for example, data
management. Business service offers specific services for the users, including stock
monitoring in warehouse, in- and out-of-warehouse management, alarming management,
etc.
4) Operation and management domain (OMD) provides system operational maintenance.
5) Access and communication domain (ACD) offers data and information access with
external entities, for example, financial institutions' systems and platforms.

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– 8 – ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021
6) User domain (UD) includes the users for the system: financial institutions, chattel asset
owners, chattel asset monitoring organization, etc. Chattel asset owner is the organization
that owns chattel assets and requests a loan, which is Party A in Figure 1. Financial
institutions usually mean banks, which are Party B in Figure 1 to provide loans for the
chattel asset owner. Chattel asset monitoring organization is responsible for asset
monitoring, which maps to Party C in Figure 1.
In this document, the general system functional and performance requirements for the IoT/SN
integrated platform, which includes the entities in UD, OMD, ASD, ACD, and SCD, are
specified. Additionally, the high-level, general interface descriptions between the entities are
also described. Any requirements or interface descriptions related to financial transactions
and processing are out of scope of this document.
7 System requirements of the IoT/SN technology-based integrated platform
7.1 General system functional requirements for the integrated platform
7.1.1 General
The general system functional requirements for the integrated platform are provided in 7.1 for
the relevant domains shown in Figure 2, i.e. UD, OMD, ASD, ACD, and SCD. The software of
the integrated platform should be upgradable by subsystem software modules.
7.1.2 Functional requirements for the entities in UD
7.1.2.1 Financial institution
Upon request, the financial institution shall receive order-related business data and the real-
time video data of the chattel asset. In addition, when some unexpected events occur to the
chattel asset, the financial institution shall receive an alarm with the event recording data.
7.1.2.2 Chattel asset owner
Upon request, the chattel asset owner shall receive order-related business data and the real-
time video data of the chattel asset. In addition, when some unexpected events occur to the
chattel asset, the chattel asset owner shall receive an alarm with the event recording data.
7.1.2.3 Chattel asset monitoring organization
Upon request, the chattel asset monitoring organization shall receive order-related business
data and the real-time video data of the chattel asset. In addition, when some unexpected
events occur to the chattel asset and the devices, or some unexpected security events occur,
the chattel asset monitoring organization shall receive an alarm with the event recording data.
7.1.3 Functional requirements for the entities in OMD
7.1.3.1 Device management
The device management shall perform device configuration and maintain the operation status
of the devices via local or remote management, including log recording, fault diagnosis,
firmware management, power management, etc.
During normal operations, the device management shall receive operation and maintenance
status from the gateway in warehouse and the gateway in transit.
When an unexpected event occurs at a device or devices and such an event is detected at the
device management, the device management shall generate and send an alarm message with
the relevant event recording data to the chattel asset monitoring organization as a dynamic
interactive service.

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ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021 – 9 –
7.1.3.2 Security management
The security management shall ensure network security and user privacy:
– illegal external access and terminal access shall be prohibited; and
– the user's information shall have authenticity, integrity and confidentiality, which are
protected against any unauthorized access.
During normal operations, the security management shall receive sensing data of the chattel
asset from the ASD, and exchange data of chattel status as well as that of financial
transaction from external systems for the sake of secure data transmission.
When an unexpected event occurs, the security management shall send an alarm with
relevant event recording data to chattel asset monitoring organization in the UD.
7.1.4 Functional requirements for the entities in ASD
7.1.4.1 Order receipt management
The order receipt management shall perform management with respect to the order of chattel
mortgage business, for example, order creation, order information enquiry, order information
update, order lock/release, etc. It shall receive the order operation instructions from the
chattel asset monitoring organization, such as adding, deleting, modifying the orders. It shall
send the chattel asset business data, including chattel asset status data (e.g. chattel asset
type, specification, quantity, stock position) and chattel asset transaction data (e.g. pledgee,
pledger, order number, order amount), to the ACD and the UD.
7.1.4.2 Chattel asset monitoring in warehouse
The chattel asset monitoring in warehouse shall receive in-warehouse monitoring tasks from
the chattel asset monitoring organization in the UD and send back the execution data of the
tasks.
– While the chattel assets are in the warehouse, it shall provide real-time monitoring of the
chattel asset status, for example, it provides real-time stock position status enquiry and
update.
– In addition, the chattel asset monitoring in warehouse shall provide in- and
out-of-warehouse management through remote operations. For example, when chattel
assets are delivered into warehouses, it shall perform information entry of chattel assets,
the preliminary examination of chattel assets, the assignment of in-warehouse delivery,
etc. When chattel assets are delivered out of warehouses, it shall perform the verification
of chattel asset information, the assignment of out-of-warehouse delivery, etc.
When some unexpected events occur to the devices, the chattel asset monitoring in
warehouse shall receive the alarm with relevant event recording data from the OMD. In
addition, it shall send an alarm with event recording data to the UD when unexpected events
are detected for the chattel asset, for example, unauthorized removal of the chattel asset.
7.1.4.3 Chattel asset monitoring in transit
The chattel asset monitoring in transit shall receive in-transit monitoring tasks from the chattel
asset monitoring organization in the UD and send back the execution data of the tasks. It
shall provide real-time monitoring of the chattel asset status (e.g. vibration, tilting).
When some unexpected events occur to the devices, the chattel asset monitoring in transit
shall receive the alarm with relevant event recording data from the OMD. In addition, it shall
send an alarm with event recording data to the UD when unexpected events are detected for
the chattel asset, for example, severe vibration of the chattel asset.

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7.1.4.4 Data management
The data management shall store and process the data of the integrated platform. It shall
receive sensing data of the chattel asset from the gateways in the SCD and send the real-time
video data of chattel asset to the UD upon request. In addition, it can send the sensing data
to the OMD for the sake of secure transmission.
The data management shall have backup and shall not be lost when unexpected disaster
occurs, for example, system power off. The data shall be recovered after the system is
resumed.
7.1.5 Functional requirements for the entities in the ACD
7.1.5.1 Data exchange management on chattel asset status
The data exchange management on chattel asset status shall realize data exchange on
chattel asset status for the ASD and OMD with external systems. It shall receive the chattel
asset status data from the ASD. In addition, it shall send the exchange data of chattel asset
status received from external systems to the OMD.
7.1.5.2 Data exchange management on financial transaction
The data exchange management on financial transaction shall realize data exchange on
financial transaction for the ASD and OMD with external systems. It shall receive the chattel
asset transaction data from the ASD. In addition, it shall send the exchange data of chattel
asset financial transaction from external systems to the OMD.
7.1.6 Functional requirements for the entities in the SCD
7.1.6.1 Weight sensing
The integrated platform shall acquire the weight data of the chattel asset in the warehouse
using the weight sensing subsystem.
The weight sensing subsystem will trigger early warning when the gross weight declared in
the order receipt exceeds ±5 % of the actual gross weight of the chattel asset.
7.1.6.2 Position sensing
The integrated platform shall acquire the position data of the chattel asset using the position
sensing subsystem.
The position sensing subsystem shall trigger alarms in the following cases:
– the actual stock position of the chattel asset differs from that as declared in the order
receipt; and
– the chattel asset is placed in an unauthorized area in the warehouse.
7.1.6.3 Contour sensing
The integrated platform shall acquire the three-dimensional contour and the volume of the
chattel assets using the contour sensing subsystem.
The contour sensing subsystem shall trigger early warning when it cannot finish scanning of
the contour within a certain period of time or the chattel asset is obstructed from the scanning
field of view.
The contour sensing subsystem shall trigger alarms when the actual volume of the chattel
asset differs from the declared volume in the order receipt.

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ISO/IEC 30163:2021  ISO/IEC 2021 – 11 –
7.1.6.4 Video sensing
The integrated platform shall acquire the video streaming data in the monitoring area of a
warehouse.
The video sensing subsystem will trigger early warning when the chattel asset in the
monitoring area is removed without any authorization. The warehouse administrators need to
check the early warning and trigger alarms manually after confirmation.
7.1.6.5 Intruder detection
The integrated platform shall analyse and determine the intrusion behaviour via video
analytics. The video analytics can be performed locally by using a computer vision technology
for the monitoring area of a warehouse.
– For the case of human intrusion during warehouse off-hours, the alarm systems in all
entries (e.g. windows, doors, gates, elevators, passage, etc.) shall be activated. When the
alarm systems detect an
...