ISO 1213-1:1982

International Standard @ 121311
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEH)(nYHAPOnHPIR OPiAHH3AUHfl fl0 CTAHRAPTM3AUMM.ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Solid mineral fuels - Vocabulary -
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Part I : Terms relating to coal preparation
Combustibles minéraux solides - Vocabulaire - Partie 1 : Termes relatifs à la préparation du charbon
First edition - 1982-11-15
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QJ UDC 662.62 : 001.4 : 662.66 Ref. No. IS0 1213/1-1982 (E)
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c Descriptors : solid fuels, coal, coal preparation, vocabulary.
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Price based on 18 pages

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Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing Inter-
national Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
ISO, also take part in the work.
and non-governmental, in liaison with
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 1213/1 was developed by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, and was circulated to the member bodies in
September 1981.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Australia Egypt, Arab Rep. of South Africa, Rep. of
Austria France Spain
Belgium Germany, F. R. Turkey
Bulgaria India United Kingdom
Japan USSR
Canada
Chile Poland Yugoslavia
Romania
China
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
This International Standard cancels and replaces IS0 Recommendation
R 1213/1-1970, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1982 O
Printed in Switzerland

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Contents Page
O Introduction. . . 1
Scope and field of application . . 1
1
2 Reference. . . 1
3 General. .
4 Sizing . .
5 Cleaning. .
Separation of solids from water or air. .
6
7 Size reduction .
.................
8 Expression of results. .
9 Miscellaneous . . 14
Alphabetical index . . 15-18
...
111

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1213/1-1982 (E)
Solid mineral fuels - Vocabulary -
Part 1 : Terms relating to coal preparation
reference. An alphabetical index is also provided, with a
O Introduction
numerical cross-reference.
I
This part of IS0 1213 is a glossary consisting of a systematic
The use of the terms indicated by an asterisk is deprecated.
list of terms commonly employed in coal Preparation.
The other parts of IS0 1213 are
Scope and field of application
1
Part 2 : Terms relating to coal sampling and analysisl)
This part of IS0 1213 defines terms commonly employed in
Part 3 : Terms relating to coke21
coal preparation.
Part 4 : Terms relating to the chemistry and technology of
brown coal3)
2 Reference
For terms relating to petrographic analysis, see IS0 7404/1.
IS0 740411, Methods for the petrographic analysis of
This part of IS0 1213 takes into account the distinction be-
bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 1 : Gtossary of terms
tween processes or operations and the methods or machines
relating to the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and an-
for carrying them out.
thracite. 3)
Clause 3 is devoted primarily to coal properties and the prin-
cipal operations involved in coal preparation, and includes also
3 General
general terms such as those relating to capacities and
flowsheets.
3.1 General coal preparation terms
'.,
Clauses 4 to 7 cover the detailed terminology relating to sizing,
3.1 .O1 coal preparation : Collectively, physical and
cleaning, separation of solids from water or air, and size re-
duction. mechanical processes applied to coal to make it suitable for a
particular use.
Clause 8 deals with the terms involved in interpreting or ex-
pressing the results of coal preparation operations.
3.1.02 run of mine; r.0.m. coal : Coal produced by mining
operations, before screening, crushing or preparation.
Clause 9 includes some miscellaneous terms.
3.1.03 raw coal : Coal which has received no preparation
It is intended to prepare two further clauses covering
other than possibly screening or crushing.
homogenization and automatic control for future publication.
3.1.04 raw coal feed : Raw coal supplied to a plant or
Most of the clauses are subdivided, and in each case the first
machine, in which it undergoes some form of preparation.
sub-clause includes general terms and the remaining sub-
As far as possible this
clauses cover groups of related terms.
logical principle has been carried through into the arrangement 3.1.05 coal cleaning : The treatment of coal to lower the
mineral matter content (ash).
of the terms themselves, which are also numbered for ease of
1) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO/R 1213/2-1971.)
2) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO/R 1213/3-1971.1
3) At present at the stage of draft.
1

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IS0 1213/1-1982 (E)
3.1.06 cleaned coal; clean coal : Coal produced by a clean- 3.2.03 washability curve : Any curve obtained from the
ing process (wet or dry). results of a float-and-sink analysis permitting the theoretical
yield of floats or sinks to be read off. There are four main types
of washability curve :
3.1.07 middlings : A product of coal preparation which by
reason of its ash content is intermediate between coal and
- the characteristic ash curve;
discard. It follows therefore that the relative density of mid-
- the cumulative floats curve;
dlings is intermediate between those of coal and discard. Mid-
- the cumulative sinks curve;
dlings may be reprocessed.
-
the densimetric (relative density) curve.
3.1.08 true middlings; bone : Comparatively high ash par-
3.2.04 characteristic ash curve : The curve obtained from
so nearly homogeneous that their quality cannot readily
ticles
the results of a float-and-sink analysis showing, for any mass
be improved by crushing and re-cleaning.
percentage of floats (or sinks) the ash percentage of the
highest density (or lowest density) fraction passing into these
3.1.09 false middlings; interbanded middlings : Middlings
floats (or sinks), the mass percentage being plotted on the or-
in which the particles consist of bands of coal and shale, and
dinate (vertical axis) and the ash percentage on the abscissa
from which the coal may be liberated by crushing.
(horizontal axis).
3.1.10 refuse : Waste material in the raw coal which the
3.2.05 cumulative curve : Any curve expressing the results
cleaning process removes.
4'
of combining successive relative density fractions or size frac-
tions.
See also discard; dirt; stone (No. 3.1.12).
3.2.06 cumulative floats curve : The curve obtained from
3.1.11 reject : The material extracted from the feed during
the results of a float-and-sink analysis by plotting the
cleaning, for retreatment or discard.
cumulative mass percentage of floats at each relative density
against the cumulative ash of the total floats at that density.
3.1.12 discard; dirt; stone : The material extracted from the
raw coal and finally discarded.
3.2.07 cumulative sinks curve : The curve obtained from
the results of a float-and-sink analysis by plotting the
3.1.13 recirculation : The operation in which the whole or cumulative mass percentage of sinks at each relative density
part of a product from a process is returned to the feed to the
against the cumulative ash of the total sinks at that density.
process, e.g. the return of the crushed overflow from a screen
to the screen feed for rescreening.
3.2.08 densimetric curve; relative density curve : The
curve obtained from the results of a float-and-sink analysis by
3.1.14 "foreign coal" : Coal received at a preparation plant
plotting the cumulative mass percentage of floats or sinks
from a colliery other than that to which the plant is attached. against the relative density.
3.1.15 imported coal : Coal coming from a foreign country, 3.2.09 near-density curve; difficulty curve : The curve ob-
or other state within the country. tained from the results of a float-and-sink analysis, or from the
d
densimetric curve, by plotting the mass percentage within the
limits f 0,l of a given relative density against that relative den-
3.1.16 low-grade coal : Combustible material which has
sity.
only limited uses owing to undesirable characteristics (e.g. ash
content or size).
3.2.10 performance curve : Any curve used to show the
relationship between properties of coal and results of a specific
3.1.17 segregation : Partial separation of a previously mixed
treatment .
material into its constituents, occurring as a result of dif-
ferences in either particle size or relative density.
3.2.11 actual performance curve : A performance curve
showing the results actually obtained from a coal preparation
treatment.
3.2 Cleaning characteristics
3.2.12 probable performance curve : A performance curve
showing the expected results of a coal preparation treatment.
3.2.01 washability : The amenability of a coal to improve-
ment in quality by cleaning.
3.2.13 M-curve; Mayer curve : A cumulative curve used in
3.2.02 float-and-sink analysis : The division of a sample the first instance to express the washability of a coal, plotted on
into relative density fractions with defined limits, the propor- a vectorial diagram in which the projection of the vector on the
tions of the fractions being expressed as percentages of the ordinate (vertical axis) represents the percentage of the product
total sample, commonly with an indication of the ash percen- (coal) and the direction of the vector represents the percentage
tage (and other characteristics, if required) of each fraction. of a particular constituent of the product.
2

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IS0 1213/1-1982 (E)
3.2.14 ash/relative density curve : The curve obtained statements of the maximum mass flow per hour at principal
from the float-and-sink analysis by plotting the ash percentages points in the plant. The total mass flow of products from an
of successive fractions against the mean relative density of the operation is usually greater than the mass flow of the feed to
fraction. that operation.
3.3 Capacity and throughput
4 Sizing
3.3.01 nominal capacity : A notional figure expressed in
mass per hour used in the title of a flowsheet and in the general 4.1 General
descriptions of a plant, applying to the plant as a whole and to
the specific project under consideration.
4.1.01 sizing : Division of a material into products between
nominal size limits.
3.3.02 operational capacities : Figures given on a
flowsheet to indicate quantities per unit time passing various
4.1.02 classification : The separation of particles according
points in the plant, taking account of fluctuations in the rate of
to their size, density and shape by control of their settling rate
supply and composition (as to size and impurity content).
through a fluid medium.
3.3.03 design capacity : The rate of feed, defined by limits
-
4.1.03 size analysis : The process or the result of the division
expressing the extent and duration of load variations, at which
of a sample into size fractions with defined limits, the propor-
a performance guarantee must
specific items of plant subject to
tions of the fractions being expressed as percentages of the
operate continuously and give the guaranteed results on a par-
total sample.
ticular quality of feed.
4.1.04 sieve analysis : The process or result of the division
3.3.04 peak design capacity : A rate of feed in excess of the
of a sample into size fractions by the use of test sieves.
design capacity which specific items of plant will accept for
short periods without necessarily fulfilling the performance
guarantees given in respect of them.
4.1.05 mean size : The weighted average particle size of any
sample, batch or consignment of particulate material. Several
methods for calculating mean size have been proposed giving
3.3.05 mechanical maximum capacity : The highest rate
results which vary widely for the same size distribution. The
of feed at which specific items of equipment, not subject to
method of calculation should always be stated whenever the
performance guarantees, will function on the type and quality
of feed for which they are supplied. term is used.
3.3.06 feed : Material for treatment supplied to an appliance 4.1.06 nominal size; limiting size : The limit or limits of par-
or plant. ticle size used to describe a product of a sizing operation.
3.3.07 basic flowsheet : A block diagram of the various
4.1.07 oversize (sizing) : Material in a product of size greater
~,
stages in the treatment of the raw coal.
than the upper nominal size; may be expressed as a percentage
of the product.
3.3.08 process flowsheet : A basic flowsheet indicating the
main operational steps within the plant, the movement of the
4.1.08 undersize : Material in a product of size smaller than
various materials between the steps and the final products ob-
the lower nominal size; may be expressed as a percentage of
tained, and often also the average mass flow at various points
the product.
in the plant.
4.1.09 dust : Fine material removed dry from coal using air.
3.3.09 equipment flowsheet : A diagram indicating,
preferably by symbols, the units of plant used in the various
See also 6.4.
operational steps carried out within a coal preparation plant.
4.1.10 fines : Coal with a maximum particle size usually less
3.3.10 materials flowsheet : A flowsheet principally con-
4 mm, and with no lower limit. The upper limit may vary
than
cerned with solid materials.
widely. To avoid confusion the term should always be qualified
by stating the nominal size.
3.3.11 liquids flowsheet : A flowsheet to indicate the flow
of liquids throughout a series of operations.
4.1.11 smalls : Coal with a maximum particle size usuallyless
than 25 mm, and with no lower limit. The upper limit may vary
3.3.12 weighted flowsheet; capacity flowsheet : A widely. To avoid confusion the term should always be qualified
materials flowsheet used in the design of a plant, including
by stating the nominal size.
3

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IS0 1213/1-1982 (El
4.2 Screening 4.2.14 undersize (overflow) : Particles in a screen overflow
which are smaller than the nominal dimensions of the screen
apertures.
4.2.01 screen :
A device for carrying out the operation of screening. 4.2.15 underflow (screen) : That portion of the feed material
(1)
which has passed through the apertures in a screen deck.
(2) A commonly used abbreviation for screen deck or
screening surface, e.g. woven wire screen.
4.2.16 oversize (underflow) : Particles in a screen underflow
which are larger than the nominal dimensions of the screen
4.2.02 amplitude : The maximum displacement from the
apertures.
mean position in an oscillating motion. In the case of a screen
with a straight line motion or elliptical motion it is half of the
4.2.17 misplaced material (screening) : Undersize contain-
total movement or half of the major axis of the ellipse. In the
ed in the overflow, or oversize contained in the underflow.
it is the radius of the circle.
case of a circular motion
See also stroke (No. 4.2.03).
4.2.18 near-mesh material; near-sized material : Material
approximating in size to the aperture in the screening surface,
4.2.03 stroke; throw : The distance between the extreme
usually within I 25 '%O of that aperture size.
positions of an oscillating or vibrating motion, i.e. the stroke is
equal to twice the amplitude.
.i
4.2.19 nominal area (screen) : The total area of the screen
deck exposed to the flow of the material feed.
4.2.04 aperture size : The dimension or dimensions defining
the opening in the screening surface, usually with a qualifica-
4.2.20 effective area (screen); working area* : The
tion as to the shape of aperture, e.g. "round-hole", "square-
nominal area less any area occupied by fixings or supports
mesh", "long-slot".
which obstruct the passage of material over or through the
screen deck.
4.2.05 screening : The separation of solid materials of dif-
ferent sizes by causing part to remain on a surface provided
4.2.21 percentage open area : The ratio of the total area of
with apertures through which the remainder passes.
the apertures to the total area of the wire cloth, perforated plate
or wedge-wire panel. In the case of perforated plate the area of
4.2.06 nominal screening size : A notional size at which it is
the unperforated margins is excluded.
intended to divide a feed by a screening operation.
4.2.22 sieve :
4.2.07 dry screening : The screening of solid materials of
different sizes without the aid of water.
(1) Generally, a screen of relatively small area.
4.2.08 wet screening : The screening of solid materials of
(2) Particularly, a screen used in the laboratory for test
different sizes with the aid of water, normally in the form of a
purposes.
spray.
4.2.89 probability screening : A method of screening which
4.3 Parts of screens
by making extended use of the probability of a particle passing
through an aperture allows sizing at fine sizes to be performed
with relatively large apertures.
4.3.01 screen deck; screening surface : A surface pro-
vided with apertures of specified size for carrying out the opera-
tion of screening.
4.2.10 de-sliming : The removal of slimes from coal or a mix-
ture of coal and water, however accomplished.
4.3.02 screen plate : A plate provided with apertures of
specified size for use as a screen deck.
4.2.11 fines removal : The removal of fine particles from a
feed material, by either wet or dry methods, to facilitate treat-
ment or utilization of the remainder.
4.3.03 screen cloth; screen mesh : A mesh of wires woven
in a consistent manner to form the apertures.
4.2.12 de-dusting : Fines removal by dry methods.
4.3.04 wedge-wire deck; wedge-wire sieve : A screen
4.2.13 overflow (screen) : That portion of the feed material deck comprising wires of wedge-shaped cross-section spaced
from each other at a fixed dimension; the underflow thus
discharged from the screen deck without having passed
passes through an aperture of increasing cross-section.
through the apertures.
Deprecated term
4

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IS0 1213/1-1982 (El
4.3.05 rod deck : A screening surface consisting of loosely 4.5.03 jigging screen; shaking screen; reciprocating
held parallel rods positioned at right angles to the flow of screen : A screen to which a combined horizontal and vertical
material over the screen. Normally used only on high speed motion is imparted, normally by a crankshaft and connecting
vibrating screens. rod, the screen deck being horizontal or inclined at a small
angle.
4.3.06 relieving deck : A screen plate with large apertures
mounted over the screening deck in order to reduce the load
4.5.04 resonance screen : A screen with a period of oscilla-
and wear thereon. tion at or very close to the natural period of oscillation of the
resilient mounting .
4.4 Screens according to purpose
4.5.05 vibrating screen : A screen oscillated either by
mechanical or electrical means. The amplitude of movement of
4.4.01 run of mine screen : A screen used for dividing run
the vibrating screen is smaller than that of the jigging screen
of mine coal into two or more sizes for further treatment or
and its speed of oscillation is higher.
disposal; usually employed to remove the largest pieces for
crushing and re-addition to the run of mine coal.
4.5.06 trommel screen; revolving screen : A screen in
which the screening surface is formed into a cylinder or frustum
4.4.02 primary screen; raw coal screen : A screen used to
of a cone, mounted upon a horizontal or near horizontal
divide coal (usually raw coal) into sizes more suitable for the
rotating shaft or on revolving rollers.
subsequent cleaning of some or all of them.
4.5.07 roll screen : A screen consisting of a number of
4.4.03 de-watering screen : A screen used for the separa-
horizontal rotating shafts, fitting with elements arranged to
tion of water from solids.
provide screening apertures.
4.4.04 de-sliming screen : A screen used for the removal of
4.5.W bar screen : A stationary inclined screen, comprising
slimes from larger particles, usually with the aid of water
longitudinal bars, spaced at intervals, on to which the material
sprays.
to be screened is fed at the upper end.
4.4.05 slurry screen : A screen to recover a granular product
4.5.09 grizzly : A rugged screen for rough sizing at com-
from circulating water in a coal preparation plant, usually after
paratively large size (e.g. 150 mm); it can comprise fixed or
a preliminary concentration of the solids and with or without
moving bars, discs, or shaped tumblers or rollers.
the use of water sprays.
4.5.10 sieve bend : A device for the sizing of fine particles
4.4.06 rinsing screen; spray screen : A screen used for the
suspended in water by means of a stationary curved panel,
removal by spraying of fine solids, especially dense medium
commonly of wedge-wire, whereby the finer particles are
solids present among or adhering to larger particles.
removed with the bulk of the water in the underflow.
4.4.07 sizing screen(s1; grading screen(s)*; classifying
See also fixed screen (No. 6.2.02).
screen(s)* : A screen or set of screens normally used for
L,
dividing a product (e.g. washed coal) into a range of sizes.
4.4.08 guard screen; oversize control screen; check
screen* : A screen used to prevent the entry into a machine of
4.6 Sizing in a current of air or water
coarse particles which might interfere with its operation.
4.6.01 air classification : The process of sizing in a current
4.4.09 undersize control screen; breakage screen* : A
of air.
screen used for the removal of undersize from a product.
4.6.02 classifier : A device which separates particles, accord-
4.5 Screens according to principle of construction
ing to their size, shape and density, by physical means other
than screening.
4.5.01 single-deck screen : A screen having one screening
surface, not necessarily limited to one size or shape of aperture.
4.6.03 cyclone classifier : A device for classification by cen-
trifugal means of fine particles suspended in a fluid, whereby
4.5.02 multi-deck screen : A screen with two or more
the coarser grains are discharged from the apex of the vessel,
superimposed screening surfaces mounted rigidly within a
while the finer particles are removed with the bulk of the fluid at
common frame.
the overflow orifice.
Deprecated term.
5

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IS0 1213/1-1982 (E)
5 Cleaning 5.1.15 closed water circuit : A water circuit designed so
that the only water added is that necessary to replace the loss
on the washery products and that due to atmospheric evapor-
5.1 General
ation.
5.1.01 upgrade : To increase the commercial value of a coal
5.1.16 circulating water : The water in the water circuit.
by appropriate treatment.
5.1.17 make-up water : Water supplied to a plant to replace
5.1.02 dry cleaning : The separation of impurities from coal
that lost from the circuit.
by manual or mechanical methods which avoid the use of a
liquid.
5.1.18 rinsing water; spray water : Water used to remove
fine particles from larger sizes.
5.1.03 wet cleaning : The mechanical separation of im-
purities from coal by methods involving the use of a liquid.
5.1.19 waste water; surplus water*; bleed water* : Ex-
cess water allowed to run to waste from the water circuit.
5.1.04 washery : A coal preparation plant in which a clean-
ing process is carried out.
See also effluent (No. 6.1.09).
5.1.05 re-clean; re-wash : To retreat a product in the same
5.1.20 pit water; mine water : Water from underground 4
or in another plant.
workings or an open cut mine.
5.1.06 washery products : The final products from a
5.1.21 slimes : Extremely fine particles in suspension or
washery.
present with larger particles.
5.1.07 reject elevator; refuse elevator* : An elevator for
5.1.22 slurry (coal preparation) : Fine particles concentrated
removing and draining the reject from a washing appliance.
in a portion of the circulating water and water-borne for treat-
ment or disposal.
5.1.08 middlings elevator : An elevator which removes
material for further treatment or for disposal as an inferior
5.1.23 froth flotation : A process for cleaning fine coal in
product.
which the coal, with the aid of a reagent or reagents, becomes
attached to air bubbles in a liquid medium and floats as a froth.
5.1.09 head tank : Any tank or vessel in the water circuit
which is used to control the delivery pressure of the water to
the washing units.
5.2 Dry cleaning
5.1.10 launder : A trough or channel along which flow
liquids or a mixture of liquids and solids.
hand cleaning : The removal by hand of impurities
5.2.01
from coal, or coal from impurities.
5.1.11 pump sump : A tank into which the circulating water
gravitates and from which it is recirculated by means of a
5.2.02 hand selection : The selection by hand of pieces of
pump.
coal with certain specific qualities according to surface ap-
pearance.
5.1.12 suspension : A mixture of solid particles and water or
air in which the solid particles are completely and individually
5.2.03 picking belt; picking table : A continuous conveyor
supported, normally by means of an upwardly moving current
(e.g. in the form of a rubber belt or of a steel apron, steel plate
or with the assistance of mechanical agitation.
or link construction) on which raw coal is spread so that
selected ingredients may be removed manually.
5.1.13 teeter (in); fluidized suspension (in) : The condition
of a suspension of solids in an upward-moving current of water
5.2.04 picking table, circular : An apparatus used for the
or air, whereby the support given to the particles reduces the
same purpose as a picking belt and consisting of a flat horizon-
internal friction between them to such an extent that the
tal rotating annular plate.
suspension acquires fluid or partially fluid properties.
5.2.05 hand picker : A person employed either for hand
5.1.14 water circuit : The complete system of pipelines,
cleaning or for hand selection.
pumps, sumps, tanks, launders and accessories used for the
circulation of water in a washery, including the water treatment
5.2.06 pneumatic cleaning : Cleaning in an air current.
plant.
Deprecated term,

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IS0 121311-1982 (E)
5.3.12 jig compartments : The sections into which a jig is
5.2.07 dry cleaning table : An apparatus in which dry clean-
ing is achieved by the application of air currents and agitation divided by transverse division plates which extend above the
to a layer of feed of controlled depth on the table surface. screen plate to form a weir; each compartment usually com-
prises two or more cells.
5.2.08 air jig : A machine in which the feed is stratified by
means of pulsating currents of air and from which the stratified 5.3.13 hutch : The part of a jig situated below the screen
plate in which the controlled pulsating movement of the water
products are separately removed.
takes place.
5.3.14 jig feed sill : That part of the jig over which the feed
5.3 Jigging
passes when it enters the box.
5.3.01 jig; washbox* : A machine in which the feed is
5.3.15 jig centre weir : An adjustable plate situated between
in water by means of a pulsating motion and from
stratified the feed end and the discharge end of a jig and serving to
which the stratified products are separately removed, the
regulate the forward movement of material through the box.
pulsating motion usually being obtained by alternate upward
and downward currents of water.
5.3.16 jig discharge sill : That part of the jig over which the
cleaned coal passes out of the box. Usually the discharge sill is
\J
5.3.02 primary jig : The first of a series of jigs which receives of the discharge-end refuse extraction chamber.
part
the feed and from which one product at least is given further
treat ment.
5.3.17 air valve : The valve which controls the alternate ad-
mission and release of compressed air to each cell of a jig.
5.3.03 re-wash jig : A jig to which the product (or a portion
thereof) of a previous cleaning operation is fed for additional
5.3.18 jig slide valve; jig piston valve* : A jig air valve
treatment.
operated by means of a reciprocating motion.
5.3.04 air pulsating jig : A jig in which the pulsating motion
5.3.19 rotary air valve : A jig air valve which rotates on a
is produced by the intermittent admission of compressed air to
central axis.
the water, either alongside the jig bed, e.g. Baum, or under the
jig bed, e.g. Batac, Tacub.
5.3.20 jig air cycle : The valve-timing cycle de
...