ISO 31120-1:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 31120-1
First edition
2022-01
Road vehicles — Injection water —
Part 1:
Quality requirements
Véhicules routiers — Injection d'eau —
Partie 1: Exigences de qualité
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 IW analysis parameters . 2
5 Storage of purified water .3
5.1 Requirements for the use of materials compatible with IW . 3
5.1.1 Recommended materials . 3
5.1.2 Materials not recommended . 4
5.2 Physical conditions during transportation and storage . 4
5.2.1 General . 4
5.2.2 Shelf life . 4
5.3 Cleanliness of surfaces in contact with IW . 5
5.4 Recommendation on information on further properties . 5
6 Quality assurance . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Sampling . 5
6.3 Testing . 6
6.4 Procedures for product release and handling of non-conforming product . 6
6.5 Quality monitoring . 6
6.5.1 General . 6
6.5.2 Audits . 7
6.5.3 Documentation. 7
7 Procedures for handling of containers and equipment . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Single use non-bulk containers . 7
7.3 Dedicated bulk operation . 8
7.4 Non-dedicated bulk operation . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
A list of all parts in the ISO 31120 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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iv
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to define the quality requirements of the water to be used in a water
injection system of an internal combustion engine.
The intention is to ensure that a consistent product is available to automobile manufacturers from
water producers by defining an agreed standard against which to supply the product.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
Road vehicles — Injection water —
Part 1:
Quality requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies water quality used for water injection in internal combustion engines. This
document defines quality requirements for injection water including instructions for storage, container
materials and production. Testing procedures are also defined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7393-2, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 2: Colorimetric
method using N,N-dialkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes
ISO 7393-3, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 3: Iodometric
titration method for the determination of total chlorine
ISO 7888, Water quality — Determination of electrical conductivity
ISO 10304-1, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part
1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate
ISO 10304-4, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part
4: determination of chlorate, chloride and chlorite in water with low contamination
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
ISO 11885, Water quality — Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
ISO 15061, Water quality — Determination of dissolved bromate — Method by liquid chromatography of
ions
ISO 15923-1, Water quality — Determination of selected parameters by discrete analysis systems — Part 1:
Ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, orthophosphate, sulfate and silicate with photometric detection
EN 872, Water quality — Determination of suspended solids — Method by filtration through glass fibre
filtres
EN 1484, Water analysis — Guidance for determination of total organic carbon
DIN 38409-1, German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; parameters
characterizing effects and substances (group H); determination of total dry residue, filtrate dry residue and
residue on ignition (H 1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
shelf life
period of time starting with the completion of the production of the batch in which injection water (3.5),
stored under specific conditions, remains within the specification defined in Table 1
3.2
production batch of IW
quantity of injection water (3.5) produced at one operation at a site where the product has (last) been
physically or chemically modified to reach compliance with the specification defined in Table 1
Note 1 to entry: Mixing of IW volumes does not constitute a physical or chemical modification so long as the
quality of the volumes before mixing complies with the specification given in this document.
3.3
bulk operation
handling of injection water (3.5) in large containers
Note 1 to entry: Large containers can be, for example, road tankers, rail cars, storage tanks and vessels.
3.4
packaged shipment
handling of injection water (3.5) in small containers
Note 1 to entry: Small containers can be, for example, drums, cans, bottles and intermediate bulk containers
(IBCs).
3.5
injection water
IW
water very low in inorganic, organic or colloidal contaminants, produced, for example, by single
distillation, by deionization, by ultra-filtration or by reverse osmosis manufacture
4 IW analysis parameters
Water used for injection in internal combustion engines shall comply with the limits of Table 1.
Table 1 — Water parameter limits
Item Maximum Units Testing method
value
Electrical conductivity (25 °C) 15 µS/cm ISO 7888
pH value 5 to 8 — ISO 10523
Evaporation residue 30 mg/l DIN 38409-1
Total organic carbon 1,2 mg/l EN 1484
Sodium 3 mg/l ISO 11885
Silicon 1,5 mg/l ISO 11885
Σ metal cations (Pb, Sb, As, Bi, Cu, Cd,
Zn, Se, Te, Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, B, Sn, 6,5 mg/l ISO 11885
Si, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn)
Chloride (halogens) 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Ammonium 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Table 1 (continued)
Item Maximum Units Testing method
value
Nitrate 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Nitrite 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Sulfate 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Phosphate 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Chlorate 0,1 mg/l ISO 10304-4
Bromate 0,1 mg/l ISO 15061
Phosphorus 0,1 mg/l ISO 11885
Sulfur 1 mg/l ISO 11885
Non-filterable solids 5 mg/l EN 872
Chlorine ISO 7393-2
0,1 mg/l
ISO 7393-3
The injection water has to be clear, colourless and free from oil drops (see ISO 7887 and ISO 7027-1).
Certificates of analysis shall contain all specified parameters.
5 Storage of purified water
5.1 Requirements for the use of materials compatible with IW
To avoid contamination of IW and to resist corrosion of the devices used (containers, tubes, valves,
fittings, gaskets, hoses, etc.), all materials in direct contact with IW during handling, transportation
and storage, including sampling, shall be compatible with IW.
It is the responsibility of the user of this document to ensure that the correct materials are used. The
list of the materials given in Tables 2 and 3 are for guidance only.
Any material with uncertain compatibility with IW shall not be used.
5.1.1 Recommended materials
1)
Examples of materials recommended for use with IW are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Examples of recommended materials
Hard rubber
Polyethylene, free of additives
Polypropylene, free of additives
Polyisobutylene, free of additives
Perfluoroalkoxyl alkane (PFA), free of additives
Polyfluoroethylene (PFE), free of additives
Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), free of additives
Polytetraf
...