ISO 8098:2023
(Main)Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young children
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young children
This document specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for the design, assembly and testing of fully assembled bicycles and sub-assemblies for young children. It also provides guidelines for instructions on the use and care of the bicycles. This document is applicable to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel. It is not applicable to special bicycles intended for performing stunts (e.g. BMX bicycles). NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on toys, and with a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more, see ISO 4210-1 to ISO 4210-9.
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d'essai et les exigences de sécurité et de performance à observer lors de la conception, de l’assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants et de leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices concernant l'utilisation et l'entretien de celles-ci. Le présent document est applicable aux bicyclettes qui ont une hauteur maximale de selle comprise entre 435 mm et 635 mm et qui sont propulsées par une force transmise à la roue arrière. La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux bicyclettes spéciales prévues pour effectuer des acrobaties (p. ex., les bicyclettes BMX). NOTE Pour les bicyclettes dont la hauteur maximale de la selle est inférieure ou égale à 435 mm, voir les réglementations nationales relatives aux jouets à enfourcher, et pour celles dont la hauteur maximale de la selle est supérieure ou égale à 635 mm, voir l'ISO 4210‑1 à ISO 4210‑9.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 09-Jan-2023
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 149/SC 1 - Cycles and major sub-assemblies
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 10-Jan-2023
- Due Date
- 12-Sep-2022
- Completion Date
- 10-Jan-2023
Relations
- Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 23-Apr-2020
Overview
ISO 8098:2023 - "Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles for young children" is the fourth edition of the international standard that defines safety, performance and testing requirements for fully assembled bicycles and sub‑assemblies designed for young children. It applies to bicycles with a maximum saddle height greater than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel. The standard excludes special stunt bicycles (e.g., BMX) and directs users to national ride‑on toy rules for bicycles with saddle height ≤ 435 mm and to the ISO 4210 series for bicycles with saddle height ≥ 635 mm.
Key topics and technical requirements
ISO 8098:2023 covers comprehensive safety and test-method requirements, including:
- Brakes and braking systems: hand‑operated and back‑pedal brakes, attachment, brake‑pad security, adjustment and braking performance tests.
- Steering and handlebar: dimensions, grips and end plugs, stem insertion/depth marks or positive stops, steering stability, static strength and fatigue tests.
- Frame and fork integrity: impact tests (falling mass/frame), front fork bending fatigue.
- Wheels and tyres: rotational accuracy, clearance, static strength, wheel retention and overpressure testing.
- Pedals, crank and drive systems: pedal impact and dynamic durability, crank fatigue and static strength tests.
- Saddles and seat‑posts: limiting dimensions, insertion marks, security and fatigue testing.
- Chain‑wheel and belt‑drive guards: protective device requirements to reduce entrapment and injury risk.
- Stabilizers, luggage carriers, lighting and reflectors, warning devices: mounting, dimensions and performance tests.
- Material and assembly safety: toxicity, sharp edges, exposed protrusions, fastener security, minimum failure torque, crack detection, and plastic material ambient temperature tests.
- Instructions and marking: guidance for user manuals, safety instructions and durability of markings.
The standard specifies the number and condition of test specimens, tolerances, fatigue/impact methodologies and includes informative annexes on steering geometry and verification methods.
Practical applications - who uses ISO 8098:2023
ISO 8098:2023 is essential for:
- Bicycle manufacturers and product designers creating bikes for young children
- Testing and certification laboratories performing conformity and type testing
- Quality assurance teams implementing production checks and fatigue testing
- Importers, retailers and procurement professionals ensuring product safety compliance
- Regulators and standards bodies referencing harmonized safety requirements
Use cases include new product development, pre‑market testing, supplier audits, CE/market compliance documentation and risk reduction in consumer products.
Related standards
- ISO 4210‑1 to ISO 4210‑9 (safety requirements for other categories of bicycles)
- National regulations for ride‑on toys (for bicycles with saddle height ≤ 435 mm)
- ISO/TC 149 (technical committee for cycles) - development authority for this standard
Using ISO 8098:2023 helps organizations align child bicycle products with internationally recognized safety test methods and requirements, improving consumer safety and facilitating cross‑border trade.
ISO 8098:2023 - Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young children Released:10. 01. 2023
ISO 8098:2023 - Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young children Released:8/21/2023
ISO 8098:2023 - Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants Released:8/28/2023
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Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 8098:2023 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young children". This standard covers: This document specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for the design, assembly and testing of fully assembled bicycles and sub-assemblies for young children. It also provides guidelines for instructions on the use and care of the bicycles. This document is applicable to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel. It is not applicable to special bicycles intended for performing stunts (e.g. BMX bicycles). NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on toys, and with a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more, see ISO 4210-1 to ISO 4210-9.
This document specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for the design, assembly and testing of fully assembled bicycles and sub-assemblies for young children. It also provides guidelines for instructions on the use and care of the bicycles. This document is applicable to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel. It is not applicable to special bicycles intended for performing stunts (e.g. BMX bicycles). NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on toys, and with a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more, see ISO 4210-1 to ISO 4210-9.
ISO 8098:2023 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 43.150 - Cycles; 97.190 - Equipment for children. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 8098:2023 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 8098:2023, ISO 8098:2014. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 8098:2023 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8098
Fourth edition
2023-01
Cycles — Safety requirements for
bicycles for young children
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes pour jeunes
enfants
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements and test methods . 3
4.1 Brake tests and strength tests — Special requirements . 3
4.1.1 Brake tests to which special requirements apply . 3
4.1.2 Strength tests to which special requirements apply . 3
4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests. 3
4.1.4 Tolerances . 4
4.1.5 Fatigue test . 4
4.1.6 Plastic material test ambient temperature . 4
4.1.7 Impact test . 4
4.2 Toxicity . 4
4.3 Sharp edges . 5
4.4 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners . 5
4.4.1 Security of screws . 5
4.4.2 Minimum failure torque . 5
4.4.3 Quick-release devices . 5
4.4.4 Foot location devices . 5
4.4.5 Folding bicycle mechanism . 5
4.5 Crack detection methods . 5
4.6 Exposed protrusions . 5
4.7 Brakes . 6
4.7.1 Braking-systems . 6
4.7.2 Hand-operated brakes . . 6
4.7.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements . 8
4.7.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test . 9
4.7.5 Brake adjustment . 9
4.7.6 Back-pedal brake . 9
4.7.7 Braking-system — Strength tests . 9
4.7.8 Braking performance . 10
4.8 Steering .12
4.8.1 Handlebar — Dimensions and end fittings.12
4.8.2 Handlebar grips and end plugs .12
4.8.3 Handlebar-stem — Insertion depth mark or positive stop . 14
4.8.4 Steering stability . 14
4.8.5 Steering assembly — Static strength and security tests . 14
4.8.6 Handlebar and stem assembly — Fatigue test . 18
4.9 Frames . 20
4.9.1 Frame and front fork assembly — Impact test (falling mass).20
4.9.2 Frame and front fork assembly — impact test (falling frame) . 21
4.10 Front fork . 22
4.10.1 General .22
4.10.2 Front fork — Bending fatigue test . 22
4.11 Wheel and tyre assembly . 23
4.11.1 Wheel and tyre assembly — Rotational accuracy .23
4.11.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Clearance . 24
4.11.3 Wheel and tyre assembly — Static strength test . 25
4.11.4 Wheels — Wheel retention . 25
4.11.5 Tyre inflation pressure . 26
4.11.6 Wheel and tyre assembly —Overpressure test . 26
iii
4.12 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 26
4.12.1 Pedal tread .26
4.12.2 Pedal clearance . 27
4.12.3 Pedal — Impact test . 27
4.12.4 Pedal/pedal-spindle — Dynamic durability test.28
4.12.5 Drive system static strength test .29
4.12.6 Crank assembly — Fatigue tests .30
4.13 Saddles and seat-posts . 31
4.13.1 Limiting dimensions . 31
4.13.2 Seat-post — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 31
4.13.3 Saddle and seat-post security test . 32
4.13.4 Saddle — Static strength test . 32
4.13.5 Saddle and seat-post assembly fatigue test . 33
4.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device .34
4.15 Stabilizers . 35
4.15.1 Mounting and dismounting. 35
4.15.2 Dimensions . 35
4.15.3 Vertical load test .36
4.15.4 Longitudinal load test .36
4.16 Luggage carriers . 37
4.17 Lighting systems and reflectors . 37
4.17.1 Front and rear light . 37
4.17.2 Reflectors . 37
4.17.3 Wiring harness .38
4.18 Warning device .38
5 Instructions .38
6 Marking . .39
6.1 Requirement . 39
6.2 Durability test .40
6.2.1 Requirement .40
6.2.2 Test method .40
Annex A (informative) Steering geometry .41
Annex B (informative) Verification of free fall velocity .42
Bibliography .43
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles
and major sub-assemblies, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 333, Cycles, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 8098:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— addition of the terms "3.3 conventional brake-lever", "3.4 parallel brake-lever", and "3.19 wheel and
tyre assembly";
— improvement of 4.4.2 Minimum failure torque;
— addition of 4.7.2.3.2 Parallel brake-lever;
— improvement of 4.8.1 Handlebar — Dimensions and end fittings;
— improvement of 4.8.2 Handlebar grips;
— "Wheels" and "Rims, tyres and tubes" are merged as "4.11 Wheels and tyre assembly";
— improvement of 4.11.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Clearance;
— improvement of 4.12.6 Crank assembly — Fatigue tests;
— improvement of 4.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to demand throughout the world, and the aim has been
to ensure that bicycles manufactured in conformity with it will be as safe as is practically possible.
The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well as of the
bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects from the
design stage onwards.
The scope has been limited to safety considerations and has specifically avoided standardization of
components.
If the bicycle is used on public roads, national regulations apply.
For safety requirements for toy bicycles intended for very young children see national regulations and
standards.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8098:2023(E)
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young
children
1 Scope
This document specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for the design,
assembly and testing of fully assembled bicycles and sub-assemblies for young children. It also provides
guidelines for instructions on the use and care of the bicycles.
This document is applicable to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less
than 635 mm, propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel.
It is not applicable to special bicycles intended for performing stunts (e.g. BMX bicycles).
NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on
[5]-[13]
toys, and with a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more, see ISO 4210-1 to ISO 4210-9 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 6742-2, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 8124-1:2018, Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 11243, Cycles — Luggage carriers for bicycles — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bicycle
two-wheeled vehicle that is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that
vehicle, in particular by means of pedals
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.1.1]
3.2
brake-lever
lever that operates a braking device
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.4.2]
3.3
conventional brake-lever
brake-lever (3.2) with a rotational axis perpendicular to the handlebar
3.4
parallel brake-lever
brake-lever (3.2) with rotational axis parallel to the handlebar
3.5
braking force
tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test
machine
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.4.4]
3.6
crank assembly
assembly consisting of the drive side and the non-drive side crank arm the bottom-bracket spindle or
crank spindle, and all component of the drive system that are affixed to the crankset
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.2, modified — EXAMPLE has been removed.]
3.7
exposed protrusion
protrusion which through its location and rigidity could present a hazard to the rider either through
heavy contact with it in normal use or should the rider fall onto it in an accident
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.3]
3.8
fracture
unintentional separation into two or more parts
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.4]
3.9
highest gear
gear ratio which gives the greatest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.4]
3.10
lowest gear
gear ratio which gives the shortest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.5]
3.11
maximum inflation pressure
maximum tyre pressure recommended by the tyre or rim manufacturer for a safe and efficient
performance, and if the maximum rim pressure was marked on both the tyre and rim, maximum tyre
pressure according to the lower marked maximum inflation pressure on the rim or tyre
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.7.3, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.12
maximum saddle height
vertical distance from the ground to the point where the top of the seat surface is intersected by
the seat-post axis, measured with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat-post set to the
minimum insertion-depth mark
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.6]
3.13
tread surface
surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.6]
3.14
quick-release devices
lever actuated mechanism that connects, retains, or secures a wheel or any other component
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.8]
3.15
stabilizers
removable auxiliary wheels fitted to enable the rider to balance
3.16
toe-clip
device attached to the pedal to grip the toe end of the rider's shoe but permitting withdrawal of the
shoe
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.8]
3.17
toe-strap
device to securely locate a rider's shoe on a pedal
3.18
visible crack
crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.11]
3.19
wheel and tyre assembly
assembled wheel fitted with tyre and wheel include all necessary parts for its intended use
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.7.7]
4 Requirements and test methods
4.1 Brake tests and strength tests — Special requirements
4.1.1 Brake tests to which special requirements apply
Brake tests to which maximum permissible error requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those specified in
4.7.2.3 to 4.7.8.4 inclusive.
4.1.2 Strength tests to which special requirements apply
Strength tests to which maximum permissible error requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those involving
static, impact or fatigue loading as specified in 4.8 to 4.13 inclusive and 4.15.
4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests
In general, for static, impact and fatigue tests, each test shall be conducted on a new test sample, but
if only one sample is available, it is permissible to conduct all of the tests on the same sample with the
sequence of testing being fatigue, static and impact.
When more than one test is conducted on the same sample, the test sequence shall be clearly recorded
in the test report or record of testing.
If more than one test is conducted on the same sample, earlier tests can influence the results of
subsequent tests. Also, if a sample fails when it has been subjected to more than one test, a direct
comparison with single testing is not possible.
In all strength tests, specimens shall be in the fully finished condition.
It is permitted to carry out tests with dummy assemblies such as a fork or handlebar when carrying out
frame or handlebar stem tests.
4.1.4 Tolerances
Unless stated otherwise, maximum permissible error tolerances based on the nominal values shall be
as follows:
— Forces and torques: 0/+5 %
— Masses and weights: ±1 %
— Dimensions: ±1 mm
— Angles: ±1°
— Time duration: ±5 s
— Temperatures: ±2 °C
— Pressures: ±5 %
4.1.5 Fatigue test
The force for fatigue tests shall be applied and released progressively, and not exceed 10 Hz. The
tightness of fasteners according to manufacturer's recommended torque can be re-checked not later
than 1 000 test cycles to allow for the initial settling of the component assembly. (This is considered
applicable to all components, where fasteners are present for clamping.) The test bench shall be
qualified to meet dynamic requirements of 4.1.4.
NOTE Examples of suitable methods are listed in Reference [14].
4.1.6 Plastic material test ambient temperature
All strength tests involving any plastic materials shall be pre-conditioned for two hours and tested at
an ambient temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C.
4.1.7 Impact test
For all vertical impact test, the striker shall be guided in such a way that the efficiency will allow a
value of at least 95 % of the free velocity.
NOTE See Annex B.
4.2 Toxicity
Any items which come into intimate contact with the rider (i.e. causing any hazard due to sucking or
licking) shall comply with national regulations specific to children's products.
4.3 Sharp edges
Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider's hands, legs etc., during normal riding or
normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp, e.g. deburred, broken, rolled or processed
with comparable techniques.
4.4 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.4.1 Security of screws
Any screws used in the assembly of suspension systems, bracket attached electric generators, brake-
mechanisms and mud-guards to the frame or fork, shall be provided with suitable locking devices to
prevent unintentional loosening, e.g. lock-washers, lock-nuts, thread locking compound or stiff nuts.
Screws used to attach hub-generator are not included.
Fasteners used to assemble hub and disc brakes should have heat-resistant locking devices.
4.4.2 Minimum failure torque
The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handlebars, handlebar-stems, bar-ends,
saddles and seat-posts shall be at least 20 % greater than the manufacturer's maximum recommended
tightening torque.
4.4.3 Quick-release devices
Quick-release devices shall not be fitted. This requirement does not apply to the seat-tube clamp.
4.4.4 Foot location devices
Toe-straps and toe-clips shall not be fitted.
4.4.5 Folding bicycle mechanism
If folding bicycles mechanism is provided, it shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in
a simple, stable, safe way and when folded no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism
shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or
unlock the folding mechanisms during riding.
4.5 Crack detection methods
Standardised methods should be used to emphasize the presence of cracks where visible cracks are
specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this document.
[1][2][3][4]
NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in ISO 3452-1 to ISO 3452-4 .
4.6 Exposed protrusions
These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with the users of bicycles falling on
projections or rigid components (e.g. handlebars, levers) on a bicycle possibly causing internal injury or
skin puncture.
Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to the user
should be protected. The size and shape of the end protection has not been stipulated, but an adequate
shape shall be given to avoid puncturing of the body. Screw threads which constitute a puncture
hazard shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally
threaded mating part.
4.7 Brakes
4.7.1 Braking-systems
Bicycles, whether or not fitted with a fixed transmitted drive, shall be equipped with at least two
independently actuated braking systems, one system operating on the front wheel and one on the rear.
The decision on whether the rear braking system is operated by the rider’s hand or foot should be made
in accordance with the legislation, custom or preference of the country to which the bicycle has to be
supplied.
Brake-blocks containing asbestos shall not be permitted.
4.7.2 Hand-operated brakes
4.7.2.1 Brake-lever position
The brake-levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom
and practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and the bicycle manufacturer shall state in
the users instruction manual which lever operates the front brake and which operates the rear brake,
see also Clause 5 b).
4.7.2.2 Brake-lever grip dimensions
4.7.2.2.1 Requirement
The maximum grip dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake-lever and the
handlebar, or the handlebar-grip or any other covering where present, shall not exceed 75 mm over a
distance of 40 mm as shown in Figure 1. For dimension a, see 4.7.2.2.2.
The brake-lever may be adjusted to permit these dimensions to be obtained.
Key
a distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever
d brake-lever grip dimension - non activated
Figure 1 — Brake-lever grip dimensions
4.7.2.2.2 Test method
Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 2 over the handlebar and handlebar-grip and the brake-lever as
shown in Figure 3 so that the face A is in contact with the handlebar grip and the side of the brake-lever.
Ensure that the face B is in uninterrupted contact with the part of the brake-lever which is intended
for contact with the rider's fingers and that the gauge does not cause any movement of the brake-lever
towards the handlebar or handlebar-grip. Measure the distance a, the distance between the last part of
the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever (see 4.7.2.2.1 and 4.7.2.3).
Dimension in millimetres
Key
1 face A
2 face B
3 rod
Figure 2 — Brake-lever grip dimension gauge
Figure 3 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake-lever and handlebar
4.7.2.3 Brake-levers — Position of applied force
4.7.2.3.1 Conventional brake-lever
For the purposes of all braking tests in this document, the test force shall be applied at a distance, b,
which is equal to either dimension a as determined in 4.7.2.2.2 or 25 mm from the free end of the brake-
lever, whichever is the greater (see Figure 4).
Key
F applied force
b ≥25 mm
Figure 4 — Position of applied force on brake-lever
4.7.2.3.2 Parallel brake-lever
For the purposes of all braking tests in this document, the test force shall be applied at mid-distance of
the lever grip length (see Figure 5).
a) Isometric view b) Lateral view
Key
F applied force
Figure 5 — Position of applied force on parallel brake-lever
4.7.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements
Cable pinch-bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer's
instructions. In the event of a cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit
the rotation of the wheel.
The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a removal force of 20 N or be
otherwise treated to prevent unravelling.
NOTE See 4.4 in relation to fasteners.
4.7.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test
4.7.4.1 Requirement
The friction material shall be securely attached to the holder, backing-plate, or shoe and there shall be
no failure of the assembly when tested by the method specified in 4.7.4.2. The brake system shall be
capable of meeting the strength test specified in 4.7.7 and the braking performance specified in 4.7.8.
4.7.4.2 Test method
Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brakes adjusted to a correct position with a rider
or equivalent mass on the saddle. The combined mass of the bicycle and rider (or equivalent mass) shall
be 30 kg.
Actuate each brake-lever with a force of 130 N applied at the point as specified in 4.7.2.3 or a force
sufficient to bring the brake-lever into contact with the handlebar grip, whichever is the lesser. Maintain
this force while subjecting the bicycle to five forward and five rearward movements, each of which is
not less than 75 mm distance.
4.7.5 Brake adjustment
Each brake shall be capable of adjustment with or without the use of a tool to an efficient operating
position until the friction material has worn to the point of requiring replacement as recommended in
the manufacturer's instructions.
Also, when correctly adjusted, the friction material shall not contact anything other than the intended
braking surface.
If brake adjustment can be achieved without the use of a tool, the adjuster shall be designed to prevent
for incorrect use or incorrect operation.
4.7.6 Back-pedal brake
Back-pedal brakes shall be actuated by the rider's foot pedalling in the opposite direction to the drive
force. The brake mechanism shall function independently of any drive gear positions or adjustments.
The differential between the drive and brake positions of the crank shall not exceed 60°.
The measurement shall be taken with the crank held against each position with a pedal force of at least
140 N. The force shall be maintained for 1 min in each position.
4.7.7 Braking-system — Strength tests
4.7.7.1 Hand-operated brake — Requirement
When tested by the method described in 4.7.7.2, there shall be no failure of the braking-system or of any
component thereof.
4.7.7.2 Hand-operated brake — Test method
Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle. After it has been ensured that the braking system is
adjusted according to the recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, apply a force at the
point specified in 4.7.2.3 and normal to the axis of handlebar in the grip area in the plane of travel of the
lever, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The force shall be 300 N, or a lesser force required to bring:
a) a cable-brake lever into contact with the handlebar grip or the handlebar where the manufacturer
does not fit a grip, or
b) a rod-operated brake lever level with the upper handlebar grip surface.
Repeat the test for a total of 10 times on each brake-lever.
4.7.7.3 Back-pedal brake — Requirement
When tested by the method described in 4.7.7.4, there shall be no failure of the back pedal braking
system or any component thereof.
4.7.7.4 Back-pedal brake — Test method
Conduct this test on a fully assembled bicycle. Ensure that the braking system is adjusted according
to the recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, and that a pedal crank is in a horizontal
position (see Figure 6). Gradually apply a vertical force of 600 N to the centre of the pedal axe, and
maintain for 1 min.
Repeat the test 5 times.
Key
1 force measuring device
2 suitable webbing wrapped around wheel and tyre assembly circumference
F applied force on wheel and tyre assembly (braking force)
a
Direction of applied force on pedal (see 4.7.7.4 and 4.7.8.4).
Figure 6 — Measurement of braking force from back-pedal brake
4.7.8 Braking performance
4.7.8.1 Hand-operated brake performance test — Requirement
When tested in accordance with 4.7.8.2, the average braking force of hand operated braking systems
shall increase progressively as the lever force is increased in steps of 10 N from 40 N to 80 N.
For front brakes, with the appropriate lever forces, the minimum and maximum braking forces shall
conform to Table 1.
For rear brakes, with the appropriate lever forces, the minimum braking forces shall conform to Table 1.
Table 1 — Brake lever input forces and braking forces at the tyre
Brake lever input force Braking force at the tyre
N N
min. max. (front brake only)
40 40 100
60 50 140
80 60 180
4.7.8.2 Hand-operated brake performance test — Test method
Conduct the hand-operated brake performance test on a bicycle fully assembled, and with the brake
correctly adjusted (the saddle and seat-post may be removed).
Secure the bicycle and attach a braking force measuring device to the appropriate wheel and tyre
assembly, as shown in Figure 7.
Apply forces of 40 N, 50 N, 60 N, 70 N and 80 N progressively to the appropriate brake lever at a point
specified in 4.7.2.3 and normal to the handlebar grip in the plane of travel of the lever (see Figure 4 and
Figure 5).
For each brake lever input force, apply a steady pulling force to the wheel and tyre assembly through
the force measuring device, tangentially to the circumference of the tyre and in the forward-travel
direction of rotation.
After one half-revolution of the wheel, record the average braking force as the wheel rotates through a
further revolution at a steady linear tyre surface speed of between 0,5 m/s and 2,0 m/s.
For each force on the lever, take the average of three readings.
Key
1 force measuring device
2 suitable webbing around wheel and tyre assembly circumference
3 fixture
F applied force
a
Lever force.
Figure 7 — Measurement of braking force from hand-operated brake (typical arrangement)
4.7.8.3 Back-pedal brake performance test — Requirement
When tested in accordance with 4.7.8.4, the average braking force of back-pedal braking systems
transmitted to the rear wheel shall increase progressively as the pedal force is increased in steps of
20 N from 20 N to 100 N. The ratio of pedal force to braking force shall not exceed 2.
4.7.8.4 Back-pedal brake performance test — Test method
Conduct the back-pedal brake performance test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brake correctly
adjusted.
Secure the bicycle and attach a braking force measuring device to the rear wheel and tyre assembly as
shown in Figure 6.
Apply forces of 20 N, 40 N, 60 N, 80 N and 100 N to the pedal at right angles to the crank and in the
braking direction.
Apply a steady pulling force to the wheel through the force measuring device tangentially to the
circumference of the tyre and in the forward-travel direction of rotation.
After one half-revolution of the wheel and tyre assembly, record the average braking force as the wheel
rotates through a further revolution at a steady linear tyre surface speed of between 0,5 m/s and
2,0 m/s.
For each force on the pedal, take the average of three readings.
4.8 Steering
4.8.1 Handlebar — Dimensions and end fittings
The handlebar shall have an overall width between 350 mm and 550 mm unless national regulations
dictate otherwise. The vertical distance between the top of the handlebar grips, when assembled to
the highest riding position according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the saddle surface of the
saddle at its lowest position shall not exceed 400 mm. Handlebar end profiles shall be designed to have
a flat end surface with no chamfer.
4.8.2 Handlebar grips and end plugs
4.8.2.1 Requirement
End plugs conforming with 4.8.2.4 shall be fitted to each handlebar end.
Handlebar grips which withstand removal when tested in accordance with 4.8.2.2 and 4.8.2.3 shall
additionally be fitted to each handlebar end. Handlebar grips shall be of resilient material and shall
have an enlarged and covered end not less than 40 mm in diameter. Handlebar grips shall not obstruct
the operation of brake levers.
NOTE Regarding material see also 4.2.
4.8.2.2 Freezing test
Immerse the handlebar, with handlebar grips fitted, in water at room temperature for one hour and
then place the handlebar in a freezing cabinet until the handlebar is at a temperature lower than –5 °C.
Remove the handlebar from the freezing cabinet and allow the temperature of the handlebar to reach
–5 °C, and then apply a force of 70 N in the loosening direction as shown in Figure 8. Maintain the force
until the temperature of the handlebar has reached +5 °C.
Key
1 handlebar grip
2 handlebar
3 drawing attachment
4 hooking ring (can be divided)
5 clearance
F applied force
Figure 8 — Handlebar grip drawing attachment
4.8.2.3 Hot water test
Immerse the handlebar, with handlebar grips fitted, in hot water of +60 °C ± 2 °
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8098
Fourth edition
2023-01
Corrected version
2023-08
Cycles — Safety requirements for
bicycles for young children
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes pour jeunes
enfants
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements and test methods . 3
4.1 Brake tests and strength tests — Special requirements . 3
4.1.1 Brake tests to which special requirements apply . 3
4.1.2 Strength tests to which special requirements apply . 3
4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests. 3
4.1.4 Tolerances . 4
4.1.5 Fatigue test . 4
4.1.6 Plastic material test ambient temperature . 4
4.1.7 Impact test . 4
4.2 Toxicity . 4
4.3 Sharp edges . 5
4.4 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners . 5
4.4.1 Security of screws . 5
4.4.2 Minimum failure torque . 5
4.4.3 Quick-release devices . 5
4.4.4 Foot location devices . 5
4.4.5 Folding bicycle mechanism . 5
4.5 Crack detection methods . 5
4.6 Exposed protrusions . 5
4.7 Brakes . 6
4.7.1 Braking-systems . 6
4.7.2 Hand-operated brakes . . 6
4.7.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements . 8
4.7.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test . 9
4.7.5 Brake adjustment . 9
4.7.6 Back-pedal brake . 9
4.7.7 Braking-system — Strength tests . 9
4.7.8 Braking performance . 10
4.8 Steering .12
4.8.1 Handlebar — Dimensions and end fittings.12
4.8.2 Handlebar grips and end plugs .12
4.8.3 Handlebar-stem — Insertion depth mark or positive stop . 14
4.8.4 Steering stability . 14
4.8.5 Steering assembly — Static strength and security tests . 14
4.8.6 Handlebar and stem assembly — Fatigue test . 18
4.9 Frames . 20
4.9.1 Frame and front fork assembly — Impact test (falling mass).20
4.9.2 Frame and front fork assembly — impact test (falling frame) . 21
4.10 Front fork . 22
4.10.1 General .22
4.10.2 Front fork — Bending fatigue test . 22
4.11 Wheel and tyre assembly . 23
4.11.1 Wheel and tyre assembly — Rotational accuracy .23
4.11.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Clearance . 24
4.11.3 Wheel and tyre assembly — Static strength test . 25
4.11.4 Wheels — Wheel retention . 25
4.11.5 Tyre inflation pressure . 26
4.11.6 Wheel and tyre assembly —Overpressure test . 26
iii
4.12 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 26
4.12.1 Pedal tread .26
4.12.2 Pedal clearance . 27
4.12.3 Pedal — Impact test . 27
4.12.4 Pedal/pedal-spindle — Dynamic durability test.28
4.12.5 Drive system static strength test .29
4.12.6 Crank assembly — Fatigue tests .30
4.13 Saddles and seat-posts . 31
4.13.1 Limiting dimensions . 31
4.13.2 Seat-post — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 31
4.13.3 Saddle and seat-post security test . 32
4.13.4 Saddle — Static strength test . 32
4.13.5 Saddle and seat-post assembly fatigue test . 33
4.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device .34
4.15 Stabilizers . 35
4.15.1 Mounting and dismounting. 35
4.15.2 Dimensions . 35
4.15.3 Vertical load test .36
4.15.4 Longitudinal load test .36
4.16 Luggage carriers . 37
4.17 Lighting systems and reflectors . 37
4.17.1 Front and rear light . 37
4.17.2 Reflectors . 37
4.17.3 Wiring harness .38
4.18 Warning device .38
5 Instructions .38
6 Marking . .39
6.1 Requirement . 39
6.2 Durability test .40
6.2.1 Requirement .40
6.2.2 Test method .40
Annex A (informative) Steering geometry .41
Annex B (informative) Verification of free fall velocity .42
Bibliography .43
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles
and major sub-assemblies, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 333, Cycles, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 8098:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— addition of the terms "3.3 conventional brake-lever", "3.4 parallel brake-lever", and "3.19 wheel and
tyre assembly";
— improvement of 4.4.2 Minimum failure torque;
— addition of 4.7.2.3.2 Parallel brake-lever;
— improvement of 4.8.1 Handlebar — Dimensions and end fittings;
— improvement of 4.8.2 Handlebar grips;
— "Wheels" and "Rims, tyres and tubes" are merged as "4.11 Wheels and tyre assembly";
— improvement of 4.11.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Clearance;
— improvement of 4.12.6 Crank assembly — Fatigue tests;
— improvement of 4.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
This corrected version of ISO 8098:2023 incorporates the following correction:
v
— In 4.8.2.3, "of 100 N" has been added to the sentence.
vi
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to demand throughout the world, and the aim has been
to ensure that bicycles manufactured in conformity with it will be as safe as is practically possible.
The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well as of the
bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects from the
design stage onwards.
The scope has been limited to safety considerations and has specifically avoided standardization of
components.
If the bicycle is used on public roads, national regulations apply.
For safety requirements for toy bicycles intended for very young children see national regulations and
standards.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8098:2023(E)
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young
children
1 Scope
This document specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for the design,
assembly and testing of fully assembled bicycles and sub-assemblies for young children. It also provides
guidelines for instructions on the use and care of the bicycles.
This document is applicable to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less
than 635 mm, propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel.
It is not applicable to special bicycles intended for performing stunts (e.g. BMX bicycles).
NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on
[5]-[13]
toys, and with a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more, see ISO 4210-1 to ISO 4210-9 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 6742-2, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 8124-1:2018, Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 11243, Cycles — Luggage carriers for bicycles — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bicycle
two-wheeled vehicle that is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that
vehicle, in particular by means of pedals
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.1.1]
3.2
brake-lever
lever that operates a braking device
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.4.2]
3.3
conventional brake-lever
brake-lever (3.2) with a rotational axis perpendicular to the handlebar
3.4
parallel brake-lever
brake-lever (3.2) with rotational axis parallel to the handlebar
3.5
braking force
tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test
machine
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.4.4]
3.6
crank assembly
assembly consisting of the drive side and the non-drive side crank arm the bottom-bracket spindle or
crank spindle, and all component of the drive system that are affixed to the crankset
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.2, modified — EXAMPLE has been removed.]
3.7
exposed protrusion
protrusion which through its location and rigidity could present a hazard to the rider either through
heavy contact with it in normal use or should the rider fall onto it in an accident
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.3]
3.8
fracture
unintentional separation into two or more parts
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.4]
3.9
highest gear
gear ratio which gives the greatest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.4]
3.10
lowest gear
gear ratio which gives the shortest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.5]
3.11
maximum inflation pressure
maximum tyre pressure recommended by the tyre or rim manufacturer for a safe and efficient
performance, and if the maximum rim pressure was marked on both the tyre and rim, maximum tyre
pressure according to the lower marked maximum inflation pressure on the rim or tyre
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.7.3, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.12
maximum saddle height
vertical distance from the ground to the point where the top of the seat surface is intersected by
the seat-post axis, measured with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat-post set to the
minimum insertion-depth mark
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.6]
3.13
tread surface
surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.6]
3.14
quick-release devices
lever actuated mechanism that connects, retains, or secures a wheel or any other component
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.8]
3.15
stabilizers
removable auxiliary wheels fitted to enable the rider to balance
3.16
toe-clip
device attached to the pedal to grip the toe end of the rider's shoe but permitting withdrawal of the
shoe
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.8]
3.17
toe-strap
device to securely locate a rider's shoe on a pedal
3.18
visible crack
crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.11]
3.19
wheel and tyre assembly
assembled wheel fitted with tyre and wheel include all necessary parts for its intended use
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.7.7]
4 Requirements and test methods
4.1 Brake tests and strength tests — Special requirements
4.1.1 Brake tests to which special requirements apply
Brake tests to which maximum permissible error requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those specified in
4.7.2.3 to 4.7.8.4 inclusive.
4.1.2 Strength tests to which special requirements apply
Strength tests to which maximum permissible error requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those involving
static, impact or fatigue loading as specified in 4.8 to 4.13 inclusive and 4.15.
4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests
In general, for static, impact and fatigue tests, each test shall be conducted on a new test sample, but
if only one sample is available, it is permissible to conduct all of the tests on the same sample with the
sequence of testing being fatigue, static and impact.
When more than one test is conducted on the same sample, the test sequence shall be clearly recorded
in the test report or record of testing.
If more than one test is conducted on the same sample, earlier tests can influence the results of
subsequent tests. Also, if a sample fails when it has been subjected to more than one test, a direct
comparison with single testing is not possible.
In all strength tests, specimens shall be in the fully finished condition.
It is permitted to carry out tests with dummy assemblies such as a fork or handlebar when carrying out
frame or handlebar stem tests.
4.1.4 Tolerances
Unless stated otherwise, maximum permissible error tolerances based on the nominal values shall be
as follows:
— Forces and torques: 0/+5 %
— Masses and weights: ±1 %
— Dimensions: ±1 mm
— Angles: ±1°
— Time duration: ±5 s
— Temperatures: ±2 °C
— Pressures: ±5 %
4.1.5 Fatigue test
The force for fatigue tests shall be applied and released progressively, and not exceed 10 Hz. The
tightness of fasteners according to manufacturer's recommended torque can be re-checked not later
than 1 000 test cycles to allow for the initial settling of the component assembly. (This is considered
applicable to all components, where fasteners are present for clamping.) The test bench shall be
qualified to meet dynamic requirements of 4.1.4.
NOTE Examples of suitable methods are listed in Reference [14].
4.1.6 Plastic material test ambient temperature
All strength tests involving any plastic materials shall be pre-conditioned for two hours and tested at
an ambient temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C.
4.1.7 Impact test
For all vertical impact test, the striker shall be guided in such a way that the efficiency will allow a
value of at least 95 % of the free velocity.
NOTE See Annex B.
4.2 Toxicity
Any items which come into intimate contact with the rider (i.e. causing any hazard due to sucking or
licking) shall comply with national regulations specific to children's products.
4.3 Sharp edges
Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider's hands, legs etc., during normal riding or
normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp, e.g. deburred, broken, rolled or processed
with comparable techniques.
4.4 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.4.1 Security of screws
Any screws used in the assembly of suspension systems, bracket attached electric generators, brake-
mechanisms and mud-guards to the frame or fork, shall be provided with suitable locking devices to
prevent unintentional loosening, e.g. lock-washers, lock-nuts, thread locking compound or stiff nuts.
Screws used to attach hub-generator are not included.
Fasteners used to assemble hub and disc brakes should have heat-resistant locking devices.
4.4.2 Minimum failure torque
The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handlebars, handlebar-stems, bar-ends,
saddles and seat-posts shall be at least 20 % greater than the manufacturer's maximum recommended
tightening torque.
4.4.3 Quick-release devices
Quick-release devices shall not be fitted. This requirement does not apply to the seat-tube clamp.
4.4.4 Foot location devices
Toe-straps and toe-clips shall not be fitted.
4.4.5 Folding bicycle mechanism
If folding bicycles mechanism is provided, it shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in
a simple, stable, safe way and when folded no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism
shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or
unlock the folding mechanisms during riding.
4.5 Crack detection methods
Standardised methods should be used to emphasize the presence of cracks where visible cracks are
specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this document.
[1][2][3][4]
NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in ISO 3452-1 to ISO 3452-4 .
4.6 Exposed protrusions
These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with the users of bicycles falling on
projections or rigid components (e.g. handlebars, levers) on a bicycle possibly causing internal injury or
skin puncture.
Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to the user
should be protected. The size and shape of the end protection has not been stipulated, but an adequate
shape shall be given to avoid puncturing of the body. Screw threads which constitute a puncture
hazard shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally
threaded mating part.
4.7 Brakes
4.7.1 Braking-systems
Bicycles, whether or not fitted with a fixed transmitted drive, shall be equipped with at least two
independently actuated braking systems, one system operating on the front wheel and one on the rear.
The decision on whether the rear braking system is operated by the rider’s hand or foot should be made
in accordance with the legislation, custom or preference of the country to which the bicycle has to be
supplied.
Brake-blocks containing asbestos shall not be permitted.
4.7.2 Hand-operated brakes
4.7.2.1 Brake-lever position
The brake-levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom
and practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and the bicycle manufacturer shall state in
the users instruction manual which lever operates the front brake and which operates the rear brake,
see also Clause 5 b).
4.7.2.2 Brake-lever grip dimensions
4.7.2.2.1 Requirement
The maximum grip dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake-lever and the
handlebar, or the handlebar-grip or any other covering where present, shall not exceed 75 mm over a
distance of 40 mm as shown in Figure 1. For dimension a, see 4.7.2.2.2.
The brake-lever may be adjusted to permit these dimensions to be obtained.
Key
a distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever
d brake-lever grip dimension - non activated
Figure 1 — Brake-lever grip dimensions
4.7.2.2.2 Test method
Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 2 over the handlebar and handlebar-grip and the brake-lever as
shown in Figure 3 so that the face A is in contact with the handlebar grip and the side of the brake-lever.
Ensure that the face B is in uninterrupted contact with the part of the brake-lever which is intended
for contact with the rider's fingers and that the gauge does not cause any movement of the brake-lever
towards the handlebar or handlebar-grip. Measure the distance a, the distance between the last part of
the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever (see 4.7.2.2.1 and 4.7.2.3).
Dimension in millimetres
Key
1 face A
2 face B
3 rod
Figure 2 — Brake-lever grip dimension gauge
Figure 3 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake-lever and handlebar
4.7.2.3 Brake-levers — Position of applied force
4.7.2.3.1 Conventional brake-lever
For the purposes of all braking tests in this document, the test force shall be applied at a distance, b,
which is equal to either dimension a as determined in 4.7.2.2.2 or 25 mm from the free end of the brake-
lever, whichever is the greater (see Figure 4).
Key
F applied force
b ≥25 mm
Figure 4 — Position of applied force on brake-lever
4.7.2.3.2 Parallel brake-lever
For the purposes of all braking tests in this document, the test force shall be applied at mid-distance of
the lever grip length (see Figure 5).
a) Isometric view b) Lateral view
Key
F applied force
Figure 5 — Position of applied force on parallel brake-lever
4.7.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements
Cable pinch-bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer's
instructions. In the event of a cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit
the rotation of the wheel.
The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a removal force of 20 N or be
otherwise treated to prevent unravelling.
NOTE See 4.4 in relation to fasteners.
4.7.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test
4.7.4.1 Requirement
The friction material shall be securely attached to the holder, backing-plate, or shoe and there shall be
no failure of the assembly when tested by the method specified in 4.7.4.2. The brake system shall be
capable of meeting the strength test specified in 4.7.7 and the braking performance specified in 4.7.8.
4.7.4.2 Test method
Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brakes adjusted to a correct position with a rider
or equivalent mass on the saddle. The combined mass of the bicycle and rider (or equivalent mass) shall
be 30 kg.
Actuate each brake-lever with a force of 130 N applied at the point as specified in 4.7.2.3 or a force
sufficient to bring the brake-lever into contact with the handlebar grip, whichever is the lesser. Maintain
this force while subjecting the bicycle to five forward and five rearward movements, each of which is
not less than 75 mm distance.
4.7.5 Brake adjustment
Each brake shall be capable of adjustment with or without the use of a tool to an efficient operating
position until the friction material has worn to the point of requiring replacement as recommended in
the manufacturer's instructions.
Also, when correctly adjusted, the friction material shall not contact anything other than the intended
braking surface.
If brake adjustment can be achieved without the use of a tool, the adjuster shall be designed to prevent
for incorrect use or incorrect operation.
4.7.6 Back-pedal brake
Back-pedal brakes shall be actuated by the rider's foot pedalling in the opposite direction to the drive
force. The brake mechanism shall function independently of any drive gear positions or adjustments.
The differential between the drive and brake positions of the crank shall not exceed 60°.
The measurement shall be taken with the crank held against each position with a pedal force of at least
140 N. The force shall be maintained for 1 min in each position.
4.7.7 Braking-system — Strength tests
4.7.7.1 Hand-operated brake — Requirement
When tested by the method described in 4.7.7.2, there shall be no failure of the braking-system or of any
component thereof.
4.7.7.2 Hand-operated brake — Test method
Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle. After it has been ensured that the braking system is
adjusted according to the recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, apply a force at the
point specified in 4.7.2.3 and normal to the axis of handlebar in the grip area in the plane of travel of the
lever, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The force shall be 300 N, or a lesser force required to bring:
a) a cable-brake lever into contact with the handlebar grip or the handlebar where the manufacturer
does not fit a grip, or
b) a rod-operated brake lever level with the upper handlebar grip surface.
Repeat the test for a total of 10 times on each brake-lever.
4.7.7.3 Back-pedal brake — Requirement
When tested by the method described in 4.7.7.4, there shall be no failure of the back pedal braking
system or any component thereof.
4.7.7.4 Back-pedal brake — Test method
Conduct this test on a fully assembled bicycle. Ensure that the braking system is adjusted according
to the recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, and that a pedal crank is in a horizontal
position (see Figure 6). Gradually apply a vertical force of 600 N to the centre of the pedal axe, and
maintain for 1 min.
Repeat the test 5 times.
Key
1 force measuring device
2 suitable webbing wrapped around wheel and tyre assembly circumference
F applied force on wheel and tyre assembly (braking force)
a
Direction of applied force on pedal (see 4.7.7.4 and 4.7.8.4).
Figure 6 — Measurement of braking force from back-pedal brake
4.7.8 Braking performance
4.7.8.1 Hand-operated brake performance test — Requirement
When tested in accordance with 4.7.8.2, the average braking force of hand operated braking systems
shall increase progressively as the lever force is increased in steps of 10 N from 40 N to 80 N.
For front brakes, with the appropriate lever forces, the minimum and maximum braking forces shall
conform to Table 1.
For rear brakes, with the appropriate lever forces, the minimum braking forces shall conform to Table 1.
Table 1 — Brake lever input forces and braking forces at the tyre
Brake lever input force Braking force at the tyre
N N
min. max. (front brake only)
40 40 100
60 50 140
80 60 180
4.7.8.2 Hand-operated brake performance test — Test method
Conduct the hand-operated brake performance test on a bicycle fully assembled, and with the brake
correctly adjusted (the saddle and seat-post may be removed).
Secure the bicycle and attach a braking force measuring device to the appropriate wheel and tyre
assembly, as shown in Figure 7.
Apply forces of 40 N, 50 N, 60 N, 70 N and 80 N progressively to the appropriate brake lever at a point
specified in 4.7.2.3 and normal to the handlebar grip in the plane of travel of the lever (see Figure 4 and
Figure 5).
For each brake lever input force, apply a steady pulling force to the wheel and tyre assembly through
the force measuring device, tangentially to the circumference of the tyre and in the forward-travel
direction of rotation.
After one half-revolution of the wheel, record the average braking force as the wheel rotates through a
further revolution at a steady linear tyre surface speed of between 0,5 m/s and 2,0 m/s.
For each force on the lever, take the average of three readings.
Key
1 force measuring device
2 suitable webbing around wheel and tyre assembly circumference
3 fixture
F applied force
a
Lever force.
Figure 7 — Measurement of braking force from hand-operated brake (typical arrangement)
4.7.8.3 Back-pedal brake performance test — Requirement
When tested in accordance with 4.7.8.4, the average braking force of back-pedal braking systems
transmitted to the rear wheel shall increase progressively as the pedal force is increased in steps of
20 N from 20 N to 100 N. The ratio of pedal force to braking force shall not exceed 2.
4.7.8.4 Back-pedal brake performance test — Test method
Conduct the back-pedal brake performance test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brake correctly
adjusted.
Secure the bicycle and attach a braking force measuring device to the rear wheel and tyre assembly as
shown in Figure 6.
Apply forces of 20 N, 40 N, 60 N, 80 N and 100 N to the pedal at right angles to the crank and in the
braking direction.
Apply a steady pulling force to the wheel through the force measuring device tangentially to the
circumference of the tyre and in the forward-travel direction of rotation.
After one half-revolution of the wheel and tyre assembly, record the average braking force as the wheel
rotates through a further revolution at a steady linear tyre surface speed of between 0,5 m/s and
2,0 m/s.
For each force on the pedal, take the average of three readings.
4.8 Steering
4.8.1 Handlebar — Dimensions and end fittings
The handlebar shall have an overall width between 350 mm and 550 mm unless national regulations
dictate otherwise. The vertical distance between the top of the handlebar grips, when assembled to
the highest riding position according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the saddle surface of the
saddle at its lowest position shall not exceed 400 mm. Handlebar end profiles shall be designed to have
a flat end surface with no chamfer.
4.8.2 Handlebar grips and end plugs
4.8.2.1 Requirement
End plugs conforming with 4.8.2.4 shall be fitted to each handlebar end.
Handlebar grips which withstand removal when tested in accordance with 4.8.2.2 and 4.8.2.3 shall
additionally be fitted to each handlebar end. Handlebar grips shall be of resilient material and shall
have an enlarged and covered end not less than 40 mm in diameter. Handlebar grips shall not obstruct
the operation of brake levers.
NOTE Regarding material see also 4.2.
4.8.2.2 Freezing test
Immerse the handlebar, with handlebar grips fitted, in water at room temperature for one hour and
then place the handlebar in a freezing cabinet until the handlebar is at a temperature lower than –5 °C.
Remove the handlebar from the freezing cabinet and allow the temperature of the handlebar to reach
–5 °C, and then apply a force of 70 N in the loosening direction as shown in Figure 8. Maintain the force
until the temperature of the handlebar has reached +5 °C.
ISO 8
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 8098
Quatrième édition
2023-01
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour
les bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles for young children
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
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y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
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Publié en Suisse
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vii
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences et méthodes d'essai.4
4.1 Essai de freinage et essais de résistance — Exigences particulières . 4
4.1.1 Essais de freinage soumis à des exigences particulières . 4
4.1.2 Essais de résistance soumis à des exigences particulières . 4
4.1.3 État et nombres d’échantillon pour les essais de résistance . 4
4.1.4 Tolérances . 4
4.1.5 Essai de fatigue . 4
4.1.6 Matière plastique température ambiante d’essai . 5
4.1.7 Essai d’impact . 5
4.2 Toxicité . 5
4.3 Arêtes vives . 5
4.4 Sécurité et résistance des éléments de fixation relatifs à la sécurité. 5
4.4.1 Sécurité des vis . 5
4.4.2 Couple de rupture minimal . 5
4.4.3 Mécanismes d’ouverture rapide . 5
4.4.4 Dispositif de localisation du pied. 5
4.4.5 Mécanisme de bicyclette pliante . 6
4.5 Méthodes de détection des fissures . 6
4.6 Saillies exposées . 6
4.7 Freins . 6
4.7.1 Systèmes de freinage . 6
4.7.2 Freins à commande manuelle . 6
4.7.3 Fixation des dispositifs de freinage et caractéristiques requises pour les
câbles . 9
4.7.4 Ensembles patins de frein et plaquettes de frein — Essai de sécurité . 10
4.7.5 Réglage des freins . . . 10
4.7.6 Frein à rétropédalage . 10
4.7.7 Système de freinage — Essai de résistance . 10
4.7.8 Performances de freinage . 11
4.8 Direction .13
4.8.1 Guidon — Dimensions et extrémités terminales .13
4.8.2 Poignées de guidon et bouchons d’extrémité.13
4.8.3 Potence de guidon– Repère de profondeur d'introduction ou butée .15
4.8.4 Stabilité de la direction. 15
4.8.5 Ensemble de direction — Essais de sécurité et de résistance statique .15
4.8.6 Ensemble guidon — potence — Essai de fatigue . 19
4.9 Cadre. 21
4.9.1 Ensemble cadre/fourche — Essai de choc (chute d'une masse) . 21
4.9.2 Ensemble cadre/fourche — Essai de choc (chute d'un cadre) .22
4.10 Fourche avant . 23
4.10.1 Généralités .23
4.10.2 Fourche avant — essai de fatigue en flexion . 24
4.11 Ensemble roue et pneu . 24
4.11.1 Ensemble roue et pneu — Précision de rotation . 24
4.11.2 Ensemble roue et pneu — Jeu de fonctionnement . 25
4.11.3 Ensemble roue et pneu — Essai de résistance statique .26
4.11.4 Roues — Retenue des roues . 26
4.11.5 Pression de gonflage des pneumatiques . 27
iii
4.11.6 Ensemble roue et pneu — Essai de surpression . 27
4.12 Pédales et ensemble de transmission pédale/manivelle . 27
4.12.1 Surface d'appui de la pédale . 27
4.12.2 Jeu de fonctionnement au niveau des pédales .28
4.12.3 Pédale — Essai de choc .28
4.12.4 Pédale/axe de pédale — Essai de durabilité dynamique .29
4.12.5 Essai de charge statique du système de transmission .30
4.12.6 Ensemble manivelle — Essais de fatigue . 31
4.13 Selles et tiges de selle . 32
4.13.1 Dimensions limites . 32
4.13.2 Tige de selle — Repère d'introduction ou butée . 33
4.13.3 Essai de sécurité de la selle et de la tige de selle . 33
4.13.4 Selle — Essai de résistance statique .34
4.13.5 Essai de fatigue de l’ensemble selle et tige de selle . 35
4.14 Dispositif de protection de la chaîne et de la courroie de transmission .36
4.15 Stabilisateurs . 37
4.15.1 Montage et démontage . 37
4.15.2 Dimensions . 37
4.15.3 Essai de charge verticale .38
4.15.4 Essai de charge longitudinale .38
4.16 Porte-bagages . 39
4.17 Systèmes d'éclairage et réflecteurs . . 39
4.17.1 Eclairage avant et arrière . 39
4.17.2 Réflecteurs .40
4.17.3 Faisceau de câblage .40
4.18 Dispositif d'avertissement . .40
5 Instructions .40
6 Marquage .41
6.1 Exigence . 41
6.2 Essai de durabilité . 42
6.2.1 Exigence . 42
6.2.2 Méthode d’essai . 42
Annexe A (informative) Géométrie de la direction .43
Annexe B (informative) Vérification de la vitesse de chute libre . 44
Bibliographie .45
iv
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 149, Cycles, sous-comité SC 1, Cycles et
ses principaux sous-ensembles, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 333, Cycles, du Comité
européen de normalisation (CEN), conformément à l’accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le
CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition (ISO 8098:2014), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— ajout des termes «3.3 levier de frein conventionnel», «3.4 levier de frein parallèle», et «3.19 ensemble
roue et pneu»;
— amélioration de 4.4.2 Couple de rupture minimal;
— ajout de 4.7.2.3.2 Levier de frein parallèle;
— amélioration de 4.8.1 Guidon – Dimensions et extrémités terminales;
— amélioration de 4.8.2 Poignées de guidon;
— «Roues» et «Jantes, pneumatiques et chambres à air» sont fusionnés en «4.11 Ensemble roue et
pneu»;
— amélioration de 4.11.2 Ensemble roue et pneu – Jeu de fonctionnement;
— amélioration de 4.12.6 Ensemble manivelle – Essais de fatigue;
— amélioration de 4.14. Dispositif de protection de la roue à chaîne et de la courroie de transmission.
v
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
La présente version française de l'ISO 8098:2023 correspond à la version anglaise corrigée du 2023-08.
vi
Introduction
Le présent document a été élaboré pour répondre à une demande présente dans le monde entier, et son
objectif est de garantir que les bicyclettes fabriquées en conformité avec celui-ci seront aussi sûres que
possible. Les essais ont été conçus pour assurer la résistance et la durabilité des composants et de la
bicyclette dans son ensemble, en exigeant une qualité élevée à tous les niveaux et en prenant en compte
les aspects de sécurité dès la phase de conception.
Le champ d’application a été restreint aux questions de sécurité et a spécifiquement évité la
normalisation des composants.
Si la bicyclette est utilisée sur la voie publique, les réglementations nationales s'appliquent.
Pour les exigences de sécurité pour les vélos jouet destinés aux très jeunes enfants, se reporter aux
règlements et normes nationales.
vii
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 8098:2023(F)
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes pour
jeunes enfants
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d'essai et les exigences de sécurité et de performance à
observer lors de la conception, de l’assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants et de
leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices concernant l'utilisation et l'entretien de celles-ci.
Le présent document est applicable aux bicyclettes qui ont une hauteur maximale de selle comprise
entre 435 mm et 635 mm et qui sont propulsées par une force transmise à la roue arrière.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux bicyclettes spéciales prévues pour effectuer des acrobaties (p.
ex., les bicyclettes BMX).
NOTE Pour les bicyclettes dont la hauteur maximale de la selle est inférieure ou égale à 435 mm, voir les
réglementations nationales relatives aux jouets à enfourcher, et pour celles dont la hauteur maximale de la selle
[5]-[13]
est supérieure ou égale à 635 mm, voir l'ISO 4210-1 à ISO 4210-9 .
2 Références normatives
Les documents ci-après, dans leur intégralité ou non, sont des références normatives indispensables à
l’application du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 1101, Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Tolérancement géométrique — Tolérancement
de forme, orientation, position et battement
ISO 6742-2, Cycles — Dispositifs d’éclairage et dispositifs rétroréfléchissants — Partie 2: Dispositifs
rétroréfléchissants
ISO 8124-1:2018, Sécurité des jouets — Partie 1: Aspects de sécurité relatifs aux propriétés mécaniques et
physiques
ISO 11243, Cycles — Porte-bagages pour bicyclettes — Exigences et méthodes d’essais
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bicyclette
véhicule à deux roues dont la propulsion est assurée uniquement ou principalement par l'énergie
musculaire de la personne qui se trouve sur ce véhicule, notamment au moyen de pédales
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.1.1]
3.2
levier de frein
levier actionnant un dispositif de freinage
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-2:2023, 3.4.2]
3.3
levier de frein conventionnel
levier de frein (3.2) dont l'axe de rotation est perpendiculaire au guidon
3.4
levier de frein parallèle
levier de frein (3.2) dont l'axe de rotation est parallèle au guidon
3.5
force de freinage
force tangentielle dirigée vers l'arrière s'exerçant entre le pneumatique et le sol ou le pneumatique et le
tambour ou la courroie de la machine d'essai
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.4.4]
3.6
ensemble pédalier
ensemble constitué du bras de manivelle côté entraînement et du bras de manivelle côté opposé à
l'entraînement, de l'axe du pédalier ou de l’axe de la manivelle, et tous les composants du système de
transmission qui sont fixés au pédalier
[SOURCE: ISO 4210‑1:2023, 3.8.2, modifiée — EXEMPLE a été retiré.]
3.7
saillie à découvert
saillie qui, de par son emplacement et sa rigidité, pourrait présenter un danger pour le cycliste soit
par un contact fort avec celle-ci durant l'utilisation normale, soit si le cycliste tombe dessus lors d'un
accident
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.3]
3.8
rupture
séparation involontaire en deux parties ou plus
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.4]
3.9
vitesse la plus élevée
rapport de vitesse qui procure la distance parcourue la plus grande pour un tour de pédale
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.4]
3.10
vitesse la moins élevée
rapport de vitesse qui procure la distance parcourue la plus petite pour un tour de pédale
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.5]
3.11
pression de gonflage maximale
pression maximale du pneumatique recommandée par le fabricant du pneumatique pour un
fonctionnement sûr et efficace, et si la pression maximale de la jante a été marquée à la fois sur le
pneumatique et la jante, pression maximale du pneumatique en fonction de la plus faible pression de
gonflage marquée sur la jante ou le pneumatique
[SOURCE: ISO 4210‑1:2023, 3.7.3, modifiée — Note 1 à l’article a été retirée.]
3.12
hauteur maximale de selle
distance verticale entre le sol et le point où le sommet de la surface de la selle est coupé par l’axe de
la tige de selle, mesurée avec la selle dans une position horizontale et avec la tige de selle réglée à la
marque de profondeur d’insertion minimale
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.6]
3.13
surface d'appui de la pédale
surface de la pédale qui est en contact avec la face inférieure du pied
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.6]
3.14
mécanismes d’ouverture rapide
dispositif actionné par un levier destiné à relier, maintenir ou sécuriser une roue ou tout autre
composant
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.8]
3.15
stabilisateurs
roues auxiliaires amovibles permettant au cycliste de rester en équilibre
3.16
cale-pied
dispositif fixé à la pédale pour maintenir le bout de la chaussure d'un cycliste sur une pédale mais
permettant de dégager la chaussure
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.8.8]
3.17
courroie de cale-pied
dispositif pour maintenir de manière sûre la chaussure d'un cycliste sur une pédale
3.18
fissure visible
fissure apparue suite à un essai et qui peut être vue à l'œil nu
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.2.11]
3.19
ensemble roue et pneu
roue assemblée, équipée d'un pneu et d'une roue, comprenant toutes les pièces nécessaires à son
utilisation prévue
[SOURCE: ISO 4210-1:2023, 3.7.7]
4 Exigences et méthodes d'essai
4.1 Essai de freinage et essais de résistance — Exigences particulières
4.1.1 Essais de freinage soumis à des exigences particulières
Les essais de freinage auxquels les exigences d’erreur maximale tolérée s’appliquent, comme en 4.1.4,
sont ceux spécifiés de 4.7.2.3 à 4.7.8.4 inclus.
4.1.2 Essais de résistance soumis à des exigences particulières
Les essais de résistance auxquels les exigences d’erreur maximale tolérée s’appliquent, comme en 4.1.4,
sont ceux impliquant une charge statique, d’impact ou de fatigue comme spécifié de 4.8 à 4.13 inclus et
en 4.15.
4.1.3 État et nombres d’échantillon pour les essais de résistance
En général pour les essais statique, d’impact et de fatigue, chaque essai doit être réalisé sur un nouvel
échantillon, mais si un seul échantillon est disponible, il est permis de réaliser l’ensemble des essais sur
le même échantillon en respectant la séquence d’essai fatigue puis statique puis impacte.
Lorsque plus d’un essai est réalisé sur le même échantillon, la séquence d’essai doit être clairement
notée dans le rapport d’essai ou les enregistrements d’essai.
Si plus d’un essai est réalisé sur le même échantillon, les essais précédents peuvent influer sur le
résultat des essais suivants. Aussi, si un échantillon échoue, lorsqu’il a été soumis à plus d’un essai, une
comparaison directe avec le résultat d’un essai unique n’est pas possible.
Pour tous les essais de résistance, les échantillons doivent être entièrement finis.
Il est permis d’effectuer des essais avec des ensembles factices tel qu’une fourche ou un guidon lors de
la réalisation des essais de cadre ou potence de guidon.
4.1.4 Tolérances
Sauf indication contraire, les tolérances d’erreur maximale tolérée sur les valeurs nominales doivent
être:
— Forces et couples: 0/+5 %
— Masses et poids: ± 1 %
— Dimensions: ± 1 mm
— Angles: ± 1°
— durée: ± 5 s
— Températures: ± 2 °C
— Pressions: ± 5 %
4.1.5 Essai de fatigue
La force pour les essais de fatigue doit être appliquée et libéré progressivement, en n’excédant pas
10 Hz. Le serrage des éléments de fixation au couple recommandé par le fabricant peut être vérifié
de nouveau au plus tard après 1 000 cycles d’essai pour permettre la vérification de l’assemblage des
composants. (Ceci est considéré comme applicable à tous les composants, où des attaches sont utilisées
pour le serrage). Le banc d’essai doit être qualifié pour répondre aux exigences dynamiques de 4.1.4.
NOTE Des exemples de procédés appropriés sont énumérés à la Référence [14].
4.1.6 Matière plastique température ambiante d’essai
Tous les essais de résistance impliquant des matières plastiques doivent être préalablement
conditionnés pendant deux heures et soumis à essai à température ambiante de 23° ± 5 °C.
4.1.7 Essai d’impact
Pour tous les essais de choc vertical, le percuteur doit être guidé de manière à permettre un rendement
d’au moins 95 % de la vitesse de chute libre.
NOTE Voir l’Annexe B.
4.2 Toxicité
Tous les éléments qui entrent en contact intime avec le cycliste (c'est-à-dire qui sont susceptibles
d'entraîner des risques s'ils sont sucés ou léchés) doivent être conformes aux réglementations nationales
spécifiques aux produits pour enfants.
4.3 Arêtes vives
Les arêtes à découvert susceptibles de venir en contact avec les mains, les jambes, etc. du cycliste
pendant la marche normale, la manipulation normale ou l’entretien normal ne doivent pas être vives,
par exemple ébavurées, cassées, laminées ou traitées par des techniques comparables.
4.4 Sécurité et résistance des éléments de fixation relatifs à la sécurité
4.4.1 Sécurité des vis
Toutes les vis utilisées pour l'assemblage des systèmes de suspension, pour fixer les génératrices, les
mécanismes de freinage et les garde-boues au cadre ou à la fourche ou au guidon doivent être munies
d'un élément de blocage approprié, tel que par exemple une rondelle élastique, un contre-écrou ou un
écrou auto freiné. Les vis utilisées pour fixer le moyeu à génératrice ne sont pas incluses.
Il convient que les dispositifs de fixation utilisés pour assembler les freins sur moyeu et les freins à
disque comportent des éléments de blocage résistant à la chaleur.
4.4.2 Couple de rupture minimal
Le couple de rupture minimal des assemblages boulonnés pour la fixation des guidons, des potences de
guidon, des prolongateurs de guidon, des selles et des tiges de selle doit être supérieur d'au moins 20 %
au couple de serrage maximum recommandé par le fabricant.
4.4.3 Mécanismes d’ouverture rapide
Les dispositifs d’ouverture rapide ne doivent pas être installés. Cette exigence ne s'applique pas au
collier de serrage de la tige de selle.
4.4.4 Dispositif de localisation du pied
Les cale pied et les courroies de cale pied ne doivent pas être installés.
4.4.5 Mécanisme de bicyclette pliante
Lorsqu'un mécanisme de bicyclette pliante est prévu, il doit être conçu de manière à pouvoir bloquer
la bicyclette de façon simple, stable et sûre en vue de son utilisation et, en position repliée, à ne pas
endommager les câbles. En roulage, les dispositifs d’ouverture ne doivent pas toucher les roues ou les
pneumatiques et il doit être impossible de desserrer ou déverrouiller les mécanismes de pliage.
4.5 Méthodes de détection des fissures
Il convient d'utiliser des méthodes normalisées pour mettre en évidence la présence de fissures lorsque
la présence de fissures visibles est spécifiée comme critère d'échec dans les essais décrits dans le
présent document.
NOTE À titre d'exemple, des méthodes appropriées de contrôle par ressuage sont spécifiées dans les
[1][2][3][4]
ISO 3452-1 à ISO 3452-4 .
4.6 Saillies exposées
La présente exigence est destinée à traiter des phénomènes dangereux associés à la chute des cyclistes
sur des saillies ou des composants rigides (par exemple guidon, leviers) d'une bicyclette, susceptible de
provoquer des lésions internes ou des perforations de la peau.
Il convient de protéger les tubes et composants rigides saillants qui présentent un risque de perforation
pour l’utilisateur. Les dimensions et la forme de la protection des extrémités n'ont pas été stipulées, mais
une forme adéquate doit être adoptée pour éviter toute perforation du corps. Les filetages présentant
un risque de perforation doivent être limités à une hauteur équivalente au diamètre extérieur de la vis
à la sortie du taraudage correspondant.
4.7 Freins
4.7.1 Systèmes de freinage
Une bicyclette équipée ou non transmission à pignon fixe, doit être équipée d'au moins deux systèmes
indépendants de freinage, dont au moins un agira sur la roue avant et un sur la roue arrière. La décision
de savoir si le système de freinage arrière est actionné par la main ou le pied doit être prise en conformité
avec la législation, la coutume ou la préférence du pays à laquelle la bicyclette doit être fourni.
Les patins de frein contenant de l'amiante ne sont pas autorisés.
4.7.2 Freins à commande manuelle
4.7.2.1 Position du levier de frein
Les leviers de frein pour les freins avant et arrière doivent être placés de la manière spécifiée par la
législation ou la coutume du pays dans lequel la bicyclette est vendue, et le fabricant de bicyclettes doit
indiquer dans le manuel d'utilisation les leviers qui actionnent les freins avant et arrière [voir aussi
Article 5 b)].
4.7.2.2 Dimensions de préhension du levier de frein
4.7.2.2.1 Exigence
La dimension maximale de préhension, d, mesurée entre les surfaces extérieures du levier de frein et du
guidon ou la poignée de guidon ou tout autre matériau de revêtement éventuellement présent, ne doit
pas dépasser 75 mm sur une distance de 40 mm, comme illustré à la Figure 1. Pour la dimension a, voir
4.7.2.2.2.
Le levier de frein peut être réglé pour permette d'obtenir ces dimensions.
Dimensions en millimètres
Légende
a distance entre la partie extrême du levier prévue pour être en contact avec les doigts du cycliste et l'extrémité
du levier
d dimension maximale de préhension – non activé
Figure 1 — Dimensions de préhension du levier de frein
4.7.2.2.2 Méthode d'essai
Installer le gabarit illustré à la Figure 2 sur le guidon ou la poignée de guidon et le levier de frein comme
illustré à la Figure 3 en faisant en sorte que la face A soit en contact avec la poignée de guidon et le bord
du levier de frein. Vérifier que la face B est en contact ininterrompu avec la partie du levier de frein
prévue pour être en contact avec les doigts du cycliste, et que le gabarit ne fait pas bouger le levier de
frein en direction du guidon ou de la poignée de guidon. Mesurer la distance a, distance entre la partie
extrême du levier de frein prévue pour être en contact avec les doigts du cycliste et l'extrémité de ce
levier (voir 4.7.2.2.1 et 4.7.2.3).
Dimensions en millimètres
Légende
A face A
B face B
C tige
Figure 2 — Gabarit pour contrôler la dimension de préhension du levier de frein
Figure 3 — Méthode de positionnement du gabarit sur le levier de frein et le guidon
4.7.2.3 Leviers de frein — Position de la force appliquée
4.7.2.3.1 Levier de frein conventionnel
Pour les besoins de tous les essais de freinage prévus par le présent document, la force d'essai doit être
appliquée à une distance, b, égale soit à la dimension a déterminée en 4.7.2.2.2, soit à 25 mm à partir de
l'extrémité libre du levier de frein, selon la valeur qui est la plus grande (voir Figure 4).
Légende
F force appliquée
b ≥ 25 mm
Figure 4 — Position de la force appliquée sur le levier de frein
4.7.2.3.2 Levier de frein parallèle
Pour tous les essais de freinage du présent document, la force d'essai doit être appliquée à mi-longueur
de la poignée du levier (voir Figure 5).
a) Vue isométrique b) Vue latérale
Key
F force appliquée
Figure 5 — Position de la force appliquée sur le levier de frein parallèle
4.7.3 Fixation des dispositifs de freinage et caractéristiques requises pour les câbles
Les serre-câbles ne doivent couper aucun brin du câble lorsqu’ils sont montés conformément aux
instructions du fabricant. En cas de rupture d’un câble, aucune partie du mécanisme de freinage ne doit
venir entraver la rotation de la roue.
L’extrémité du câble doit être protégée par un embout pouvant résister à une force de désassemblage
d'au moins 20 N ou être traitée de manière à empêcher l’effilochement des brins.
NOTE Voir 4.4 au sujet des systèmes de fixation.
4.7.4 Ensembles patins de frein et plaquettes de frein — Essai de sécurité
4.7.4.1 Exigence
Le matériau de friction doit être solidement fixé au support, à la plaque d'appui ou au sabot, et l'ensemble
ne doit présenter aucune défaillance lorsque l’essai est réalisé conformément à 4.7.4.2. Le système de
freinage doit être capable de passer avec succès l'essai de résistance décrit en 4.7.7 et les exigences de
performances de freinage de 4.7.8.
4.7.4.2 Méthode d'essai
Effectuer l'essai sur une bicyclette entièrement assemblée avec les freins réglés dans une position
correcte et avec un cycliste ou une masse équivalente sur la selle. La masse combinée de la bicyclette et
du cycliste (ou de la masse équivalente) doit être de 30 kg.
Actionner chaque levier de frein avec une force de 130 N appliquée à l'endroit spécifié en 4.7.2.3 ou avec
une force suffisante pour amener le levier de frein en contact avec la poignée du guidon, selon la valeur
la plus faible. Maintenir cette force tout en faisant subir à la bicyclette cinq déplacements vers l'avant et
cinq déplacements vers l'arrière, chacun de ceux-ci sur une distance supérieure ou égale à 75 mm.
4.7.5 Réglage des freins
Chaque frein doit être équipé d'un mécanisme de réglage, manuel ou automatique.
Chaque frein doit pouvoir être réglé dans une position de fonctionnement efficace, à l'aide ou non d'un
outil, jusqu'à ce que le matériau de friction ait atteint le stade d'usure nécessitant son remplacement,
selon les recommandations du fabricant.
En outre, lorsque les freins ont été correctement réglés, le matériau de friction ne doit pas entrer en
contact avec des composants autres que la surface prévue pour le freinage.
Si le réglage du frein peut être réalisé sans l'utilisation d'un outil, le réglage doit être conçu pour
empêcher une utilisation incorrecte ou un mauvais fonctionnement.
4.7.6 Frein à rétropédalage
Les freins à rétropédalage doivent être actionnés par l'application, au moyen du pied du cycliste, d'une
force sur la pédale dans le sens opposé à celui de la force d'entraînement. Le mécanisme de freinage
doit fonctionner indépendamment de la position ou du réglage du dérailleur. Le différentiel entre les
positions de marche et de freinage de la manivelle ne doit pas excéder 60°.
La mesure doit être prise avec la manivelle maintenue dans chaque position avec une force sur la pédale
d'au moins 140 N. La force doit être maintenue pendant 1 min dans chaque position.
4.7.7 Système de freinage — Essai de résistance
4.7.7.1 Frein à commande manuelle — Exigence
Durant l'essai décrit en 4.7.7.2, il ne doit se produire aucune défaillance du système de freinage ou de
l'un quelconque de ses composants.
4.7.7.2 Frein à commande manuelle — Méthode d’essai
Effectuer l'essai sur une bicyclette entièrement assemblée. Après avoir contrôlé que le système de
freinage est correctement réglé selon les recommandations du fabricant, appliquer une force au point
spécifié en 4.7.2.3, du guidon dans la zone de préhension et dans le plan de déplacement du levier de
frein, comme illustré en Figure 4 et en Figure 5. Cette force doit valoir 300 N, ou toute autre valeur
inférieure requise pour amener:
a) le levier de frein en contact avec la poignée de guidon ou, en l'absence de poignée, avec le guidon; ou
b) le levier de frein actionné par tige au niveau de la surface supérieure de la poignée de guidon.
Effectuer l'essai à 10 reprises sur chaque levier de frein.
4.7.7.3 Frein à rétropédalage — Exigence
Durant l'essai décrit en 4.7.7.4, il ne doit se produire aucune défaillance du système de freinage à
rétropédalage ou de l'un quelconque de ses composants.
4.7.7.4 Frein à rétropédalage — Méthode d’essai
Effectuer l'essai sur une bicyclette entièrement assemblée. Contrôler que le système de freinage est réglé
selon les recommandations du fabricant, et qu’une manivelle de la pédale est en position horizontale
(voir Figures 6). Appliquer progressivement une force verticale de 600 N au centre de l'axe de la pédale
et la maintenir pendant 1 min.
Effectuer l'essai 5 fois.
Légende
1 appareil de mesure de la force
2 sangle appropriée enroulée autour de la circonférence de l’ensemble roue et pneu
F force appliquée sur l’ensemble roue et pneu (force de freinage)
a sens de la force appliquée sur la pédale (voir 4.7.7.4 et 4.7.8.4)
Figure 6 — Mesure de la force de freinage produite par le frein à rétropédalage
4.7.8 Performances de freinage
4.7.8.1 Essai de performance du frein à commande manuelle — Exigence
Durant l'essai décrit en 4.7.8.2, la force de freinage moyenne des systèmes de freinage actionnés à la
main doit augmenter progressivement lorsque la force sur le levier passe de 40 N à 80 N par pas de 10 N.
Pour les freins avant, avec les forces appropriées appliquées aux leviers, les forces de freinage minimales
et maximales doivent être conformes au Tableau 1.
Pour les freins arrière, avec les forces appropriées appliquées aux leviers, les forces de freinage
minimales doivent être conformes au Tableau 1.
Tableau 1 — Forces appliquées aux leviers de frein et forces de freinage au niveau de la roue
Force appliquée aux leviers de
Force de freinage au niveau de la roue
frein
N
N
Min Max (frein avant uniquement)
40 40 100
60 50 140
80 60 180
4.7.8.2 Essai de performance du frein à commande manuelle — Méthode d’essai
Effectuer l'essai de performance du frein à commande manuelle sur une bicyclette entièrement
assemblée, et après avoir correctement réglé le frein (la selle et la tige de selle peuvent être enlevées).
Fixer la bicyclette et placer un dispositif de mesure de la force de freinage au niveau de l’ensemble roue
et pneu approprié, comme illustré à la Figure 7).
Appliquer progressivement des forces de 40 N, 50 N, 60 N, 70 N et 80 N au levier de frein en un point
spécifié en 4.7.2.3, perpendiculairement à la poignée de guidon et dans le plan de déplacement du levier
de frein (voir Figure 4 et Figure 5).
A chaque force d’actionnement du levier de frein, appliquer une force de traction constante à l’ensemb
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