ISO 16283-2:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16283-2
Second edition
2018-05
Acoustics — Field measurement of
sound insulation in buildings and of
building elements —
Part 2:
Impact sound insulation
Acoustique — Mesurage in situ de l'isolation acoustique des
bâtiments et des éléments de construction —
Partie 2: Isolation des bruits d'impacts
Reference number
ISO 16283-2:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018

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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Instrumentation . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Calibration . 5
4.3 Verification . 5
5 Frequency range . 6
5.1 Tapping machine as the impact source . 6
5.2 Rubber ball as the impact source . 6
6 General . 6
7 Default procedure for sound pressure level measurement . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Generation of sound field . 7
7.2.1 General. 7
7.2.2 Impact source positions for the tapping machine as impact source . 7
7.2.3 Impact source positions for the rubber ball as impact source . 8
7.3 Fixed microphone positions for the tapping machine or rubber ball as impact source . 8
7.3.1 General. 8
7.3.2 Number of measurements . 8
7.3.3 Tapping machine operated at more than one position . 8
7.3.4 Rubber ball operated at more than one position . 9
7.4 Mechanized continuously moving microphone for the tapping machine as impact source 9
7.4.1 General. 9
7.4.2 Number of measurements .10
7.4.3 Tapping machine operated at more than one position .10
7.5 Manually scanned microphone for the tapping machine as impact source .10
7.5.1 General.10
7.5.2 Number of measurements .10
7.5.3 Tapping machine operated at more than one position .10
7.5.4 Circle .10
7.5.5 Helix .10
7.5.6 Cylindrical-type . .11
7.5.7 Three semicircles .11
7.6 Minimum distances for microphone positions .12
7.7 Averaging times for the tapping machine as impact source .12
7.7.1 Fixed microphone positions.12
7.7.2 Mechanized continuously moving microphone .13
7.7.3 Manually scanned microphone .13
7.8 Calculation of energy-average sound pressure levels .13
7.8.1 Fixed microphone positions for the tapping machine as impact source .13
7.8.2 Mechanized continuously moving microphone and manually scanned
microphone for the tapping machine as impact source .13
7.8.3 Fixed microphone positions for the rubber ball as impact source .14
8 Low-frequency procedure for sound pressure level measurement for the tapping
machine as impact source .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Generation of sound field .14
8.2.1 General.14
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

8.2.2 Impact source positions .14
8.3 Microphone positions .14
8.4 Averaging time .15
8.5 Calculation of low-frequency energy-average impact sound pressure levels .15
9 Background noise (default and low-frequency procedure) .16
9.1 General .16
9.2 Correction to the signal level for background noise .17
10 Reverberation time in the receiving room (default and low-frequency procedure) .18
10.1 General .18
10.2 Generation of sound field .18
10.3 Default procedure .18
10.4 Low-frequency procedure .18
10.5 Interrupted noise method .19
10.6 Integrated impulse response method .19
11 Conversion to octave bands .19
12 Expression of results .20
13 Uncertainty .20
14 Test report .20
Annex A (normative) Impact sources .22
Annex B (normative) Requirements for loudspeakers used for reverberation time
measurements .28
Annex C (informative) Forms for the expression of results .29
Annex D (informative) Additional guidance .33
Annex E (informative) Horizontal measurements — Examples of suitable impact source
and microphone positions.37
Annex F (informative) Vertical measurements — Examples of suitable impact source and
microphone positions .41
Bibliography .44
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building
acoustics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16283-2:2015), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— amended text in 7.3.2 so that the choice of microphone positions applies to any impact source.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16283 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

Introduction
ISO 16283 (all parts) describes procedures for field measurements of sound insulation in buildings.
Airborne, impact and façade sound insulation are described in ISO 16283-1, this document (ISO 16283-2)
and ISO 16283-3, respectively.
1) 2)
Field sound insulation measurements that were described previously in ISO 140-4 , ISO 140-5 , and
3)
ISO 140-7 were a) primarily intended for measurements where the sound field could be considered
to be diffuse, and b) not explicit as to whether operators could be present in the rooms during the
measurement. ISO 16283 (all parts) differs from ISO 140-4, ISO 140-5, and ISO 140-7 in that:
a) it applies to rooms in which the sound field may or may not approximate to a diffuse field;
b) it clarifies how operators can measure the sound field using a hand-held microphone or sound
level meter;
4)
c) it includes additional guidance that was previously contained in ISO 140-14 .
NOTE Survey test methods for field measurements of airborne and impact sound insulation are dealt with in
ISO 10052.
Two impact sources are described: the tapping machine and the rubber ball. These impact sources do
not exactly replicate all possible types of real impacts on floors or stairs in buildings.
The tapping machine can be used to assess a variety of light, hard impacts such as footsteps from
walkers wearing hard-heeled footwear or dropped objects. A single number quantity can be calculated
using the rating procedures in ISO 717-2. This single number quantity links the measured impact
sound insulation using the tapping machine to subjective assessment of general impacts in dwellings
that occur on floors or stairs in a building. The tapping machine is also well-suited to the prediction
of impact sound insulation using ISO 12354-2. These two aspects facilitate the specification of impact
sound insulation in national building requirements using only measurements with the tapping machine
as an impact source.
The rubber ball can be used to assess heavy, soft impacts such as from walkers in bare feet or children
jumping, as well as quantifying absolute values that can be related to human disturbance in terms
of a Fast time-weighted maximum sound pressure level. Calculation procedures for a single number
quantity do not currently exist in an International Standard.
1) Withdrawn.
2) Withdrawn.
3) Withdrawn.
4) Withdrawn.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16283-2:2018(E)
Acoustics — Field measurement of sound insulation in
buildings and of building elements —
Part 2:
Impact sound insulation
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures to determine the impact sound insulation using sound pressure
measurements with an impact source operating on a floor or stairs in a building. These procedures are
3 3
intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m to 250 m in the frequency range from 50 Hz to
5 000 Hz. The test results can be used to quantify, assess and compare the impact sound insulation in
unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field can approximate to a diffuse field.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3382-2, Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in
ordinary rooms
ISO 12999-1, Acoustics — Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building
acoustics — Part 1: Sound insulation
ISO 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 18233, Acoustics — Application of new measurement methods in building and room acoustics
IEC 60942, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators
IEC 61183, Electroacoustics — Random-incidence and diffuse-field calibration of sound level meters
IEC 61260 (all parts), Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

3.1
energy-average impact sound pressure level in a room
L
i
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound
pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure where the impact source is the tapping machine
and the space average is taken over the central zone of the room where nearfield radiation from the
room boundaries has negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels (dB).
i
3.2
corner impact sound pressure level in a room
L
i,Corner
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the highest time average squared sound pressure from
the set of corner measurements to the square of the reference sound pressure for the low-frequency
range (50 Hz, 63 Hz and 80 Hz one-third octave bands) where the impact source is the tapping machine
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels (dB).
i,Corner
3.3
low-frequency energy-average impact sound pressure level in a room
L
i,LF
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound
pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure in the low-frequency range (50 Hz, 63 Hz and
80 Hz one-third octave bands) where the impact source is the tapping machine and the space average
is a weighted average that is calculated using the room corners where the sound pressure levels are
highest and the central zone of the room where nearfield radiation from the room boundaries has
negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels (dB).
i,LF
Note 2 to entry: L is an estimate of the energy-average sound pressure level for the entire room volume.
i,LF
3.4
energy-average maximum impact sound pressure level in a room
L
i,Fmax
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space average of the squared maximum sound
pressure with Fast time weighting to the square of the reference sound pressure where the impact
source is the rubber ball and the space average is taken over the central zone of the room where
nearfield radiation from the room boundaries has negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels (dB).
i,Fmax
3.5
reverberation time
T
time required for the sound pressure level in a room to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source
has stopped
Note 1 to entry: T is expressed in seconds (s).
3.6
background noise level
measured sound pressure level in the receiving room from all sources except the impact source
3.7
fixed microphone
microphone that is fixed in space by using a device such as a tripod so that it is stationary
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

3.8
mechanized continuously moving microphone
microphone that is mechanically moved with approximately constant angular speed in a circle, or is
mechanically swept along a circular path where the angle of rotation about a fixed axis is between 270°
and 360°
3.9
manually scanned microphone
microphone attached to a hand-held sound level meter or an extension rod that is moved by a human
operator along a prescribed path
3.10
manually held microphone
microphone attached to a hand-held sound level meter or a rod that is hand-held at a fixed position by a
human operator at a distance of at least an arm’s length from the trunk of the operator’s body
3.11
partition
total surface of the floor or stair which is excited by the impact source
Note 1 to entry: For two rooms which are staggered vertically or horizontally, the total surface of the separating
partition is not visible from both sides of the partition; hence it is necessary to define the partition as the total
surface.
3.12
common partition
part of the floor or stair that is common to both the room in which the impact source is used and the
receiving room
3.13
standardized impact sound pressure level
L′
nT
energy-average impact sound pressure level, L (3.1), reduced by a correction term that is given in
i
decibels, being ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the measured reverberation time, T (3.5),
to the reference reverberation time, T , which is calculated using Formula (1) when the impact source is
0
the tapping machine:
T
′
LL=−10lg (1)
niT
T
0
where
T is the reverberation time in the receiving room, in s;
T is the reference reverberation time, in s (for dwellings, T = 0,5 s).
0 0
Note 1 to entry: L′ is expressed in decibels (dB).
nT
Note 2 to entry: The impact sound pressure level is referenced to a reverberation time (3.5) of 0,5 s because, in
dwellings with furniture, the reverberation time has been found to be reasonably independent of volume and
frequency and to be approximately equal to 0,5 s.
Note 3 to entry: L′ provides a straightforward link to the subjective impression of impact sound insulation.
nT
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

3.14
equivalent absorption area
A
hypothetical area of a totally absorbing surface without diffraction effects which, if it were the only
absorbing element in the room, would give the same reverberation time (3.5) as the room under
consideration and is calculated using Sabine's formula in Formula (2):
01, 6V
A= (2)
T
where
3
V is the receiving room volume, in m ;
T is the reverberation time in the receiving room, in s.
2
Note 1 to entry: A is expressed in square metres (m ).
3.15
normalized impact sound pressure level
L′
n
energy-average impact sound pressure level, L (3.1), increased by a correction term that is given
i
in decibels, being ten times the common logarithm of the ratio between the measured equivalent
absorption area, A (3.14), of the receiving room and the reference equivalent absorption area, A , which
0
is calculated using Formula (3) when the impact source is the tapping machine:
A
′
LL=+10lg (3)
ni
A
0
where
2
A is the equivalent absorption area in the receiving room, in m ;
2 2
A is the reference equivalent absorption area, in m (for dwellings, A = 10 m ).
0 0
Note 1 to entry: L′ is expressed in decibels (dB).
n
3.16
standardized maximum impact sound pressure level
L′
i,Fmax,V,T
energy-average maximum impact sound pressure level, L (3.4), increased by a correction term for
i,Fmax
room volume and reduced by a correction term for reverberation time and Fast time weighting, which
is calculated using Formulae (4), (5) and (6) when the impact source is the rubber ball:
 
 −1 
−−1
−1
−−1 C
  ( ) 
−1 1−C
()
1−C
V CC−
′ 0
 
 
LL=+10lg −10lg (4)
iF,amix,VT, ,Fmax
−1
−1
  
V
−1
0 1−C −1
−−1 C
( )
()1−C 0
 
 0 
CC−
 
 0 0 
 
T
0
C = (5)
0
1,7275
T
C= (6)
1,7275
where
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ISO 16283-2:2018(E)

T is the reverberation time in the receiving room, in s;
T is the reference reverberation time, in s (for dwellings, T = 0,5 s);
0 0
3
V is the receiving room volume, in m ;
3 3
V is the reference receiving room volume, in m (for dwellings, V = 50 m ).
0 0
Note 1 to entry: L′ is expressed in decibels (dB).
i,Fmax,V,T
Note 2 to entry: Background information can be found in Reference [18].
4 Instrumentation
4.1 General
The instruments for measuring sound pressure levels, including microphone(s) as well as cable(s),
windscreen(s), recording devices and other accessories, if used, shall meet the requirements for a
class 0 or 1 instrument in accordance with IEC 61672-1 for random incidence application.
Filters shall meet the requirements for a class 0 or 1 instrument in accordance with IEC 61260.
The reverberation time measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements defined in
ISO 3382-2.
The impact sources shall meet the requirements given in Annex A.
4.2 Calibration
At the beginning and at the end of every measuremen
...