IEC 60936-2:1998

INTERNATIONAL
IEC
STANDARD
60936-2
First edition
1998-10
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems –
Radar –
Part 2:
Shipborne radar for high-speed craft (HSC) –
Methods of testing and required test results

Reference number
Numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series.
Consolidated publications
Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are

available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the
base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base

publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2.

Validity of this publication
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.
Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available
in the IEC catalogue.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by
the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of
publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources:
• IEC web site*
• Catalogue of IEC publications
Published yearly with regular updates
(On-line catalogue)*
• IEC Bulletin
Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical
Terminology, graphical and letter symbols
For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC 60050: International
Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for
general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be
used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment.
Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols
for diagrams.
* See web site address on title page.

INTERNATIONAL
IEC
STANDARD
60936-2
First edition
1998-10
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems –
Radar –
Part 2:
Shipborne radar for high-speed craft (HSC) –
Methods of testing and required test results

 IEC 1998  Copyright - all rights reserved
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Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 4

Clause
1 Scope . 5

2 Normative references . 5

3 Performance requirements . 6

3.1 Introduction. 6
3.2 General. 7
3.3 Range performance. 7
3.4 Minimum range . 7
3.5 Display. 7
3.6 Range measurement . 8
3.7 Heading indicator (heading line) . 9
3.8 Bearing measurement . 9
3.9 Discrimination . 10
3.10 Roll or pitch . 10
3.11 Antenna scan. 10
3.12 Azimuth stabilization . 10
3.13 Performance monitor check. 11
3.14 Anti-clutter devices. 11
3.15 Operation. 11
3.16 Interference from external magnetic fields . 12
3.17 Display modes . 12
3.18 Antenna system . 12
3.19 Operation with radar beacons and SARTs . 12
3.20 Multiple radar installations. 13
3.21 Interface . 13
3.22 Navigational information. 13
3.23 Target trails . 14
3.24 Plotting . 14
3.25 Safety precautions . 14

3.26 Failure warnings and status indicators . 14
3.27 Standard names, abbreviations and symbols . 15
3.28 Electronic plotting video symbols. 15
3.29 Ergonomics. 15
4 Methods of testing and required test results. 16
4.1 General conditions of measurement . 16
4.2 Power supply, cabling distances and technical information. 17
4.3 Range performance. 17
4.4 Minimum range . 18
4.5 Display. 18
4.6 Range measurement . 18
4.7 Heading indicator (heading line) . 19
4.8 Bearing measurement . 19

60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 3 –
Clause Page
4.9 Discrimination . 20

4.10 Roll and pitch. 21

4.11 Antenna scan. 22

4.12 Azimuth stabilization . 22

4.13 Performance monitor check. 22

4.14 Anti-clutter devices. 23

4.15 Operation. 23

4.16 Interference from external magnetic fields . 23

4.17 Display modes . 23
4.18 Antenna system . 24
4.19 Operation with radar beacons and SARTs . 25
4.20 Multiple radar installations. 25
4.21 Interface . 25
4.22 Navigational information. 25
4.23 Target trails . 25
4.24 Plotting . 26
4.25 Safety precautions . 26
4.26 Failure warnings and status indicators . 26
4.27 Standard names, abbreviations and symbols . 26
4.28 Electronic plotting video symbols. 26
4.29 Ergonomics. 26
4.30 Antenna horizontal radiation pattern . 26
Annexes
Annex A Method for relating the radar cross-section (echoing area) of one radar target
with another for the purpose of high-speed craft (HSC) . 28
Annex B Standard names, abbreviations and symbols for control functions
on marine navigational radar equipment. 33
Annex C Electronic plotting video symbols (EPVS). 46
Annex D High-speed craft – radar tracking scenarios . 63
Annex E Guidelines for the display of navigational information on radar
by means of radar maps . 68

– 4 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

–––––––––––
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS – RADAR –

Part 2: Shipborne radar for high-speed craft (HSC) –

Methods of testing and required test results

FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60936-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 80:
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems. The IEC 60936 series,
of which this is part 2, replaces IEC 60936 published in 1988, in order to reflect the new
requirements of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). This part of the series contains
some of the specific requirements.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
80/193/FDIS 80/210/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A, B, C, D and E form an integral part of this standard.
A bilingual version of this standard may be published at a later date.

60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 5 –
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS – RADAR –

Part 2: Shipborne radar for high-speed craft (HSC) –

Methods of testing and required test results

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the minimum operational and performance requirements,
methods of testing and required test results as required by IMO resolution A.820 and Chapter X
of the high-speed craft (HSC) code. It complies with the requirements of 13.13 of the HSC
code and incorporates applicable parts of 13.5 of the HSC code on radar installations. In
addition it takes account of IMO resolution A.694 and is associated with IEC 60945. When a
requirement in this standard is different from IEC 60945, the requirement in this standard takes
precedence.
The HSC scenarios, as defined in annex D, apply to equipment intended for use on high-speed
craft and to equipment which is tested to IEC 60872-1 and IEC 60872-2 and also intended for
use on high-speed craft.
All texts of this standard, whose wording is identical to that in IMO resolution A.820 are printed
italics and the resolution and paragraph numbers are indicated in brackets.
in
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60936. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IEC 60936 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60872-1:1998, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Radar plotting aids – Part 1: Automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA) – Methods of testing and
required test results
IEC 60872-2, —, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Radar

plotting aids – Part 2: Automatic tracking aids (ATA) – Methods of testing and required test
1)
results
IEC 60872-3, —, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Radar
plotting aids – Part 3: Electronic plotting aids (EPA) – Methods of testing and required test
1)
results
IEC 60936-1, —, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Radar
1)
– Part 1: Shipborne radar – Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 60945:1996, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
General requirements, methods of testing and required test results
–––––––––––
1)
To be published.
– 6 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
IEC 61162:—, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Digital
interfaces
IEC 61174:1998, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) – Operational and performance

standards, methods of testing and required test results

ISO 9000, Quality management and quality assurance standards

IMO A.694:1991, General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of the
global maritime distress and safety system and for electronic navigational aids
IMO A.820:1995, Performance standards for navigational radar equipment for high speed craft
IMO A.823:1995, Performance standards for automatic radar plotting aids (ARPAs)
IMO MSC.64 (67):1996, Annex 4 – Performance standards for radar equipment
IMO MSC.36 (63):1994, International code of safety for high-speed craft (HSC)
IMO MSC SN/Circular 197, Operation of marine radar for search and rescue radar transponder
(SART) detection
IMO:1992, Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), as amended
ITU:1997, Radio regulations
IHO S-52:1994, Specifications for chart content and display aspects of ECDIS
3 Performance requirements
The radio frequency of operation of the equipment and its characteristics shall at all times be
within the limits defined in the ITU Radio regulations. In particular, compliance with those limits
is defined in IEC 60936-1.
3.1 (A.820/1) Introduction
3.1.1 (A.820/1.1) The radar equipment is intended for installation in craft with the following
characteristics:
.1 A maximum speed of up to 70 knots;
.2 A maximum rate of turn up to 20°/s; and

.3 normally operate between latitudes 70° N and 70° S.
(A.820/1.2) In addition to the general requirements contained in resolution A.694:1991
3.1.2
the radar equipment shall comply with the following minimum performance requirements.

60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 7 –
3.2 (A.820/2) General
The radar equipment shall provide an indication, in relation to the craft, of the position of other

surface craft and obstructions and of buoys, shorelines and navigational marks in a manner

which will assist in navigation and in avoiding collision.

3.2.1 Equipment shall be installed in such a manner that it is capable of meeting its

recommended performance standards.

3.2.2 The operator manual for the radar shall include precautions in the use of the radar

under certain combinations of conditions with regard to not performing to specification i.e.

picture smearing and target tracking loss when at high speed close to targets.
3.2.3 Quality assurance
The radar shall be designed, produced and documented by companies complying with the
ISO 9000 series standards, as applicable.
3.3 (A.820/3) Range performance
The operational requirement, where the radar antenna is mounted 7,5 m above sea level, is
that the equipment shall give a clear indication of surface objects such as a navigational buoy,
with a radar reflector height of 3,5 m, having an effective echoing area of approximately 10 m
at 2,5 nautical miles in the absence of clutter.
3.4 (A.820/4) Minimum range
The surface objects specified in 3.3 shall be clearly displayed from a minimum range of 35 m
up to a range of one nautical mile, without changing the setting of controls other than the range
selector.
The minimum range is the shortest distance at which, using a mandatory range scale of not
more than 1,5 nautical miles, a stationary target ahead is still presented separately from the
point representing the antenna position.
3.5 (A.820/5) Display
3.5.1 (A.820/5.1) The equipment shall without external magnification provide a multi-colour
daylight display with an effective radar picture diameter of not less than 250 mm.
3.5.1.1  Target echoes shall be displayed by means of the same basic colours and the echo

strength shall not be displayed in different colours.
3.5.1.2  Additional information may be shown in different colours.
3.5.2 (A.820/5.2) Day and night colours shall be provided. It shall be possible to adjust
brightness.
3.5.2.1  The radar picture and information shall be readable under all ambient light conditions.
If a light shield is necessary to facilitate operation of the display in high ambient levels, then
means shall be provided for its ready attachment and removal.
3.5.3 (A.820/5.3) The equipment shall provide the following set of range scales of display:
0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1,5; 3; 6; 12; 24 nautical miles.

– 8 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
3.5.4 (A.820/5.4) Additional range scales may be provided. These additional range scales

shall be either smaller than 0,25 nautical miles or greater than 24 nautical miles.

3.5.5 (A.820/5.5) The range scale displayed and, when in use, the distance between range

rings shall be clearly indicated.

3.5.6 (A.820/5.6) Off-centre facilities shall be provided of up to at least a minimum of 50 %

and not more than 75 % of range scale in use.

3.5.7 The origin of the range scale (radar video) shall start at own ship, be linear and shall not

be delayed.
3.5.8 (64 (67)/Annex 4/3.3.5) Within the effective display radar video area, the display shall
only contain information which pertains to the use of the radar display for navigation or collision
avoidance and which has to be displayed there because of its association with a target (e.g.
target identifiers, vectors) or because of some other direct relationship with the radar display.
3.5.9 The frequency band in use shall be indicated to the operator as X-BAND or S-BAND as
applicable.
3.6 (A.820/6) Range measurement
3.6.1 (A.820/6.1) Fixed electronic range rings equally spaced from the origin shall be
provided for range measurements as follows:
.1 on the range scales of 0,25, 0,5 and 0,75 nautical miles at least two range rings; and
.2 on all other range scales six range rings shall be provided.
Any number of range rings are allowed on the voluntary additional range scales. When off-
centred facilities are used, additional rings shall be provided at the same range intervals as on
the mandatory range scales (see 3.5.3).
3.6.2 (A.820/6.2) A variable electronic range marker (VRM) shall be provided with a numeric
readout of range.
It shall be possible to position a range marker, on any range scale, at any range, within 5 s of
operation. The readout shall not display other data. For ranges of less than 1 nautical mile,
there shall be only one zero before the decimal point. Additional variable range markers
meeting the same requirements may be provided, in which case, read-outs shall be provided.
3.6.3 (A.820/6.3) The fixed range rings and the variable range marker shall enable the range

of an object to be measured with an error not exceeding 1 % of the maximum range of the
scale in use, or 30 m, whichever is the greater.
The accuracy of range rings and range marker shall be maintained when the display is off-
centred.
3.6.4 (A.820/6.4) It shall be possible to vary the brilliance of the fixed range rings and the
variable range marker and to remove them independently and completely from the display.
3.6.5 The thickness of the fixed range rings shall not be greater than the maximum
permissible thickness of the heading line.

60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 9 –
3.7 (A.820/7) Heading indicator (heading line)

3.7.1 (A.820/7.1) The heading of the craft shall be indicated by a continuous line on the

display with a maximum error not greater than ±1°. The thickness of the display heading shall

not be greater than 0,5° measured at maximum range at the edge of the screen, when the

display is centred. The heading line shall extend from the own ship's position to the edge of the

display. A bearing scale shall be provided to give an indication of the heading in all display

modes. It shall have an accuracy of ±1° when centred. The radar picture shall be within this

scale.
3.7.2 (A.820/7.2) Provision shall be made to switch off the heading indicator (heading line) by

a device which cannot be left in the "heading marker off" (heading line off) position.
3.7.3 A heading marker shall be displayed on the bearing scale by a mark.
3.8 (A.820/8) Bearing measurement
3.8.1 (A.820/8.1) Provision shall be made to obtain quickly the bearing of any object whose
echo appears on the display. An electronic bearing line (EBL) shall be positioned and give a
numeric readout within 5 s.
3.8.2 (A.820/8.2) The means provided for obtaining bearing shall enable the bearing of a
target whose echo appears at the edge of the display to be measured with a radar system,

excluding sensor errors, accuracy of ±1° or better.
3.8.3 The EBL shall be displayed on the screen in such a way that it is clearly distinguishable
from the heading indicator. It shall not be thicker than the heading indicator.
3.8.4 It shall be possible to vary the brilliance of the EBL. This variation may be separate or
combined with the intensity of other markers. It shall be possible to remove the EBL completely
from the screen.
3.8.5 The rotation of the EBL shall be possible in both directions continuously or in steps of
not more than 0,2°.
3.8.6 The numeric readout of the bearing of the EBL shall be displayed with at least 4 digits
including one after the decimal point. The EBL readout shall not be used to display any other
data. There shall be a positive identification of whether the bearing indicated is a relative or
true bearing.
3.8.7 A bearing scale around the edge of the display shall be provided. Linear or non-linear

bearing scales may be provided.
3.8.8 The bearing scale shall have division marks for at least each 5 degrees, with the
5 degree and 10 degree divisions clearly distinguishable from each other. Numbers shall
clearly identify at least each 30 degree division.
3.8.9 It shall be possible to measure the bearing relative to the heading line and relative to
North.
3.8.10 It shall be possible to move the position of the EBL origin away from the own ship to
any desired point on the effective display area. By a fast simple operation it shall be possible to
move the EBL origin back to own ship’s position on the screen. On the EBL, it shall be possible
to display a variable range marker.

– 10 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
3.8.11 Additional EBLs meeting the above requirements may be provided, in which case

separate readout shall be provided. These may be centred on own ship or off-centred.

3.8.12 (A.820/8.3) A minimum of two lines for parallel indexing shall be provided,

independent of, and clearly distinguishable from, an EBL, and they shall be clearly distinguishable

from map lines. They shall be fully adjustable independently in both range and bearing with an

accuracy defined in 3.6.3 and 3.8.2.

3.9 (A.820/9) Discrimination
3.9.1 (A.820/9.1) The equipment shall be capable of displaying as separate indications on a

range scale of 1 nautical mile or less, that is, on the 0,75 nautical mile range scale, in the
absence of sea clutter, two 10 m targets at a range of between 50 % and 100 % of the range
scale in use, and on the same azimuth, separated by not more than 35 m in range.
The discrimination shall be maintained when the display is off-centred.
3.9.2 (A.820/9.2) The equipment shall be capable of displaying as separate indications two
stationary (10 m ) targets both situated at the same range between 50 % and 100 % of 1 mile
range, on the 1,5 mile range scale and separated by not more than 2,5° for X band radars
and 4° for S band radars.
NOTE – 9 200 MHz to 9 500 MHz (X-Band) and 2 900 MHz to 3 100 MHz (S-Band).
3.9.3 Side-lobes
The picture quality shall not be adversely affected by side-lobes.
3.10 (A.820/10) Roll or pitch
The performance of the equipment shall be such that when the ship is rolling and pitching up to
±10° the range performance requirements of 3.3 and 3.4 continue to be met.
3.11 (A.820/11) Antenna scan
The scan shall be clockwise, continuous and automatic through 360° of azimuth. The scan rate
shall not be less than 40 revolutions per minute. The equipment shall start and operate
satisfactorily in relative wind speeds of up to 100 knots. Alternative methods of scanning are
permitted provided that the performance is not inferior.
To suppress unwanted indirect reflected echoes in blind arcs, sector blanking of the transmission
may be used. The sector of blanking shall be clearly indicated on the display.

3.12 (A.820/12) Azimuth stabilization
3.12.1 (A.820/12.1) Means shall be provided to enable the display to be stabilized in azimuth
by an approved directional sensor. The equipment shall be provided with an approved
directional sensor input to enable it to be stabilized in azimuth. The accuracy of alignment with
the approved directional sensor transmission shall be within 0,5° with a rate of turn of 20°/s.
3.12.2 (A.820/12.2) The equipment shall operate satisfactorily in the unstabilized mode when
the main approved directional sensor is inoperative.
3.12.2.1 The equipment shall operate satisfactorily in the head-up unstabilized mode when the
azimuth stabilization is inoperative.

60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 11 –
3.12.2.2 The display shall revert to head-up mode after 1 min of stabilization remaining

inoperative. An alarm shall be given within 5 s of this failure.

3.12.2.3 Any functional limitation shall be explained in the documentation.

3.12.3 The change over from one display mode to the other shall be possible within 5 s and

shall achieve the required bearing accuracy.

3.13 (A.820/13) Performance monitor check

Means shall be available, while the equipment is used operationally, to determine readily a

significant drop in performance relative to calibration standard established at the time of
installation, and separate means shall be provided to check that the equipment is correctly
tuned in the absence of targets. A significant drop in performance shall be an overall reduction
of 10 dB or more.
3.14 (A.820/14) Anti-clutter devices
Suitable means shall be provided for the suppression of unwanted echoes, i.e. from sea clutter,
rain and other forms of precipitation, clouds and sandstorms. It shall be possible to adjust
manually and continuously the anti-clutter controls. Anti-clutter controls shall be inoperative in
the fully anti-clockwise position. In addition, automatic anti-clutter controls may be provided;
however, they must be capable of being switched off.
Adjustment of anti-clutter controls in small discrete steps shall be regarded as continuous
adjustment. Additionally, adjustment by controls which operate by other than circular movement
is acceptable on condition that:
.1 if they operate by linear movement they shall be inoperative in the fully left or down
position; or
.2 if they operate by a pair of push buttons it shall be operation of the left or lower button
which shall render the device inoperative.
An indication of the operative conditions of the anti-clutter controls shall be provided.
3.15 (A.820/15) Operation
3.15.1 (A.820/15.1) The equipment shall be capable of being switched on and operated from
the place at which the navigator normally operates the high speed craft.
3.15.2 (A.820/15.2) Operator controls shall be accessible and easy to identify (see annex B)
and use. The controls shall be identified in English by the relevant name or abbreviation given

in annex B. Where symbols are used additionally they shall comply with the recommendation of
the Organization on symbols for control on marine navigational radar equipment.
3.15.3 (A.820/15.3) After switching from cold, the system shall be operational within 4 min.
3.15.4 (A.820/15.4) A standby condition shall be provided from which the equipment can be
brought to an operational condition within 15 s.

– 12 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
3.16 (A.820/16) Interference from external magnetic fields

After installation and adjustment on board, the bearing accuracy as prescribed in these

performance standards shall be maintained without further adjustment irrespective of the

movement of the craft in the earth's magnetic field. The effect of external magnetic fields shall

be sufficiently restricted to ensure that performance is not affected. Effective means shall be

provided for the operator to degauss, or equivalent technique, to reduce the observable effect

of external magnetic fields.
3.17 (A.820/17) Display modes

3.17.1 (A.820/17.1) The equipment shall be capable of operating both in relative and true
motion.
In true motion mode, when own ship reaches the offset limits, the display shall automatically
reset to the offset limit on the reciprocal heading. Manual resetting shall be provided. In order
to standardize the motion modes of operation the names TM, RM(T) and RM(R) are to be used
(see B.4.9).
3.17.2 (A.820/17.2) The radar origin shall be capable of being offset to at least 50 % and not
more than 75 % of the radius of the display.
3.17.3 (A.820/17.3) Where sea or ground stabilization is provided, the accuracy and
discrimination of the display shall be at least equivalent to that required by these performance
standards.
3.17.4 Speed and distance measuring equipment (SDME) providing the craft’s speed through
the water to the radar shall be capable of providing the speed in the fore and aft direction (in
the ahead direction).
3.17.5 The ground-stabilized input shall be two-dimensional. It may be provided from the
SDME where a two-dimensional SDME is fitted, from an electronic position-fixing system, or
from radar tracked stationary targets. The speed accuracy shall be in accordance with the
requirements of resolution A.824.
3.17.6 The type of input (3.17.5) and stabilization (3.17.3) in use shall be displayed.
3.17.7 It shall also be possible to input the craft’s speed manually from 0 (zero) to 70 knots in
steps of not more than 0,5 knots.
3.18 (A.820/18) Antenna system

3.18.1 (A.820/18.1) The design of the antenna system shall enable it to be installed in such a
manner that the operational efficiency of the radar system as a whole is not substantially
impaired.
3.18.2 (A.820/18.2) The antenna system shall be so designed to withstand the forces
expected to be experienced by such craft.
3.19 (A.820/19) Operation with radar beacons and SARTs
3.19.1 (A.820/19.1) All radars operating in the 3 cm band shall be capable of operating in a
horizontally polarized mode.
The radar shall be able to detect and display signals from radar beacons and 9 GHz (X-BAND)
radars and shall also be able to detect and display signals from SART’s.

60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 13 –
3.19.2 (A.820.19.2) It shall be possible to switch off those signal processing facilities which

might prevent a radar beacon or SART from being shown on the radar display.

3.19.3 The documentation provided by the manufacturer shall include instructions, based on

IMO SN/Circular 197, that describe the optimum setting of the radar controls to observe a

SART.
3.20 (A.820/20) Multiple radar installations

3.20.1 Where it is required that two radar installations be carried, they shall be so installed

that each radar can be operated individually and both can be operated independently. There

shall be an indication of the radar and frequency band selected.
3.20.2 When an emergency source of electrical power is provided in accordance with the
appropriate requirements of Chapter II-1 of the IMO SOLAS Convention, both radars should be
capable of being operated from this source.
3.20.3 Where two radars are fitted, inter-switching facilities may be provided to improve the
flexibility and availability of the overall radar installation. They shall be so installed that failure
of either radar would not cause the supply of electrical energy to the other radar to be
interrupted or adversely affected.
3.21 (A.820/21) Interface
3.21.1 (A.820/21.1) The radar system shall be capable of receiving information from
equipment such as gyro-compass, speed and distance measurement equipment (SDME)
and electronic position-fixing systems (EPFS) in accordance with international standards (see
IEC 61162).
The source of received information shall be capable of being displayed.
3.21.2 (A.820/21.2) The radar shall provide an indication when any input from an external
sensor is absent. The radar shall also repeat any alarms on status messages concerning the
quality of the input data from its external sensors.
3.21.3 If the radar system is capable of transmitting information to other equipment, it shall be
in accordance with IEC 61162. As far as possible, such an output interface shall not degrade
the radar performance by normal or abnormal behaviour of the interface nor of the signals on it.
3.21.4 If no suitable IEC 61162 interface is available, another appropriate interface may be
used.
3.22 (A.820/22) Navigational information
The radar display shall be capable of presenting in graphical form, positions and navigational
track lines, e.g. way-points and tracks between way-points, in addition to the radar information.
Optionally, radar maps can be provided (see annex E). It shall be possible to adjust these
points, lines and maps relative to a geographical reference. The source of the graphical
information shall be clearly indicated. Electronic chart display and information system
(ECDIS) system electronic navigational chart (SENC) information, if used, shall comply with
IEC 60936-3 as appropriate.
– 14 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
3.23 (A.820/23) Target trails

Target trails shall be displayed by the radar echoes of targets in the form of synthetic

afterglow. In relative motion the trails may be either relative or true. In true motion the trails

shall be true. The true trails may be sea or ground stabilized. The trails shall be distinguishable

from the targets and shall be capable of being switched off. The length of the trails may be

user adjustable and be capable of being reset.

3.24 Plotting
3.24.1 (HSC Code/13.5.3) At least one radar shall be equipped with facilities for plotting

which are at least as effective as a reflector (reflection) plotter.
At least as effective as a reflection plotter, means, as a minimum, the fitting of an automatic
tracking aid (ATA) as defined in IEC 60872-2.
3.24.2 An ATA or ARPA, as applicable, shall be capable of meeting the performance
requirements of the HSC scenario detailed in annex D.
3.24.3 Automatically applied “target identities” shall not be reused until, as a minimum, the
number assigned equals the maximum number of tracked targets.
3.25 Safety precautions
3.25.1 Radiation from the antenna shall be possible only when the beam is scanning, except
that override facilities may be provided for maintenance purposes. The maximum distances
2 2
from the antenna at which radio frequency radiation levels of 100 W/m and 10 W/m can be
expected shall be included in the equipment handbook.
3.25.2 Means shall be provided to prevent scanner rotation for maintenance and other
purposes.
3.26 Failure warnings and status indicators
3.26.1 If there is any detectable reason why the information presented to the operator is
invalid, adequate and clear warning shall be given to the operator. As a minimum, clear
warnings shall be given to the operator of input failure of:
.1 azimuth;
.2 heading line;
.3 trigger;
.4 compass;
.5 SDME;
.6 electronic position-fixing system (EPFS) or invalid;
.7 radar video.
3.26.2 A fault which prevents the update of a radar picture shall clear the radar display area,
and an appropriate alarm shall be given.
3.26.3 Picture freeze, screen data not refreshed, shall not occur when any of the inputs in
3.26.1 occur or when any other additional input to the radar system fails.
3.26.4 Alarms shall be displayed in the order of occurrence, the acknowledgement shall only
acknowledge a single alarm.
60936-2 © IEC:1998(E) – 15 –
3.26.5 Functions and data that depend on a failed sensor or signal shall be indicated or

inhibited.
3.27 Standard names, abbreviations and symbols

The standard names, abbreviations and symbols for marine radars defined in annex B, where

appropriate, shall be used.
3.28 Electronic plotting video symbols

Electronic plotting video symbols defined in annex C shall be used.

3.29 Ergonomics
3.29.1 (64 (67)/Annex 4/8.1) For the purposes of this standard the following functions, shall
be directly accessible and immediately effected by dedicated controls or primary access in an
associated menu. Alternative solutions which meet the functional requirements may be
provided.
– on/off switch; – presentation mode;
– standby; – anti-clutter sea;
– monitor brilliance;– variable range marker;
1)
– contrast ;– marker (cursor);
1)
– tuning (if manual); – acknowledge alarm ;
1)
– range selection; – vector true/relative ;
1)
– anti-clutter rain; – pulse length ;
– electronic bearing line;– dimmer for panel illumination (where applicable).
– gain;
Inappropriate pulse lengths shall be either inhibited or clearly indicated.
3.29.2 (64 (67)/Annex 4/8.2) The following functions, shall be continuously variable or in
small, quasi-analogue steps:
– monitor brilliance;– anti-clutter sea;
– tuning (if manual);– variable range marker;
– anti-clutter rain;– marker (cursor);
– electronic bearing line;– gain.

3.29.3 (64 (67)/Annex 4/8.3) The settings of the following functions, shall be readable in all
light conditions:
– dimmer for panel illumination;– tuning (if manual);
– gain;– anti-clutter rain.
– anti-clutter sea;
– monitor brilliance;
The control of the dimmer and monitor brilliance may be located and adjusted by tactile means.
–––––––––––
1)
Where provided.
– 16 – 60936-2 © IEC:1998(E)
3.29.4 (64 (67)/Annex 4/8.4) For the following functions additional automatic adjustments

may be provided. The use of the automatic mode shall be indicated to the operator and be

capable of being switched off:

– monitor brilliance;– gain;
– anti-clutter rain;– anti-clutter sea.

3.29.5 (64 (67)/Annex 4/8.5) If discrete controls are available for the EBL and VRM they shall

be situated on the left and right hand side respectively.

3.29.6 A clear and logical arrangement of data fields shall be provided.

4 Methods of testing and required test results
This clause defines the type test methods and results required to ensure that equipment
complies with the requirements of clause 3.
4.1 General conditions of measurement
All the general requirements of IEC 60945 shall be carried out before the tests to verify
whether the equipment under test (EUT) meets these technical requirements. The equipment
shall comply with those requirements of IEC 60945 appropriate to its category, i.e. protected
(from the weather) or exposed (to the weather).
The manufacturer shall
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