IEC 63150-3:2025

IEC 63150-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Semiconductor devices - Measurement and evaluation methods of kinetic
energy harvesting devices under practical vibration environment -
Part 3: Human foot impact motion
ICS 31.080.99  ISBN 978-2-8327-0791-3

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Test bed of impact-driven energy harvesting devices . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Vibrational exciter . 6
4.3 Mounting fixture . 6
4.4 Function generator . 6
4.5 Power amplifier . 6
4.6 Accelerometer . 6
4.7 Data recorder . 6
4.8 Load resistance . 7
5 DUT . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Confirmation of the DUT . 7
6 Test conditions . 7
6.1 Applied impact forces . 7
6.2 Load resistances . 7
6.3 Test environment . 7
7 Measurement procedures . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Input impulsive force . 8
7.3 Output power . 8
8 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of experimental results using piezoelectric impact-driven
energy harvesting device . 12
A.1 DUT . 12
A.2 Measurement procedure . 14
A.3 Output characteristics . 14
A.4 Examples of characteristics of actual wearable devices . 19
Bibliography . 22

Figure 1 – Test bed for impact-driven energy harvesting devices . 6
Figure 2 – A definition of sine half-wave acceleration pulses . 8
Figure A.1 – Cantilever-type piezoelectric impact-driven energy harvesting device used in
the experiment . 12
Figure A.2 – Waveforms of input signal of function generator, acceleration, and output
voltage (from top to bottom) of cantilever type piezoelectric energy harvester
(acceleration a = 90 m/s ) . 16
i
Figure A.3 – Waveforms of input signal of function generator, acceleration, and output
voltage (from top to bottom) of cantilever type piezoelectric energy harvester
(acceleration a = 180 m/s ) . 17
i
Figure A.4 – Duration characteristics (parameter: vibrational excitation accelerations a ). 18
i
Figure A.5 – Waveforms of output voltage (upper) and power (lower) of R of a
TL
cantilever type piezoelectric energy harvester (acceleration a = 90 m/s , durations =
i
1 ms) . 19
Figure A.6 – Examples of foot movements during walking and running [4] . 20
Figure A.7 – Configuration of measurement system of the impact acceleration and the
output voltage of the DUT on a shoe . 20
Figure A.8 – Examples of measured waveforms of impact acceleration in a shoe sole . 21

Table 1 – Items and parameters required for the mandatory part of the test report. 10
Table 2 – Items and parameters of the optional part of the test report . 11
Table A.1 – Items and parameters of mandatory test report . 12
Table A.2 – Items and parameters of optional test report . 13
Table A.3 – Total load resistance dependency of output energy. 19

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Semiconductor devices -
Measurement and evaluation methods of kinetic energy harvesting devices
under practical vibration environment -
Part 3: Human foot impact motion

FOREWORD
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IEC 63150-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee TC47: Semiconductor devices. It is
an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
47/2948/FDIS 47/2966/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in the
above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available at
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are described
in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63150 series, published under the general title Semiconductor devices
Measurement and evaluation methods of kinetic energy harvesting devices under practical
vibration environment, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific
document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
1 Scope
This part of IEC 63150 specifies terms and definitions, and test methods of impact-driven energy
harvesting devices of which electric energy is generated by impact force of human walking or
running motion under practical human motion. This document is applicable to impact-driven energy
harvesting devices embedded in wearables, especially, shoe-mounted energy harvesters, whose
main element of the power generation is the impact energy. This measuring method is independent
of power generation principles (such as piezoelectric, electrostatic, triboelectric, electromagnetic,
etc.). According to typical human motion, power generation performance is measured in the
condition of large-amplitude and low-frequency external mechanical excitation.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
impact-driven energy harvesting devices
miniaturized electric power generators by mechanical motion input
Note 1 to entry: Typical energy transforming methods are piezoelectric, electrostatic, triboelectric, and electromagnetic
systems.
4 Test bed of impact-driven energy harvesting devices
4.1 General
This measurement method applies to the impact-driven energy harvesting devices which transform
mechanical kinetic energy to electrical energy by energy conversion systems (e.g., piezoelectric,
electrostatic, electromagnetic system). The power generation characteristics of output voltage and
power are measured as a function of input parameters of impulsive forces (e.g. acceleration and
duration of the half-cycle sine pulse). Input impulsive forces are determined by typical human foot
motions of walking and running conditions. Figure 1 provides a fundamental configuration of test
bed for impact-driven energy harvesting devices. Details of the functional blocks or components
named in the key to Figure 1 are provided in 4.2 to 4.8.
Key
1 DUT: Device under test 2 vibration exciter
3 mounting fixture 4 function generator
5 power amplifier 6 accelerometer
7 data recorder 8 input impedance of read-out-circuits
9 external load resistance, if any 10 direction of impact force
Figure 1 – Test bed for impact-driven energy harvesting devices
4.2 Vibrational exciter
The vibration exciter generates a predetermined acceleration/waveform that reproduces the
mechanical impacts, especially in shoes. The input impulsive acceleration which is applied to the
device under test (DUT) is measured by output terminal. The vibration acceleration and impact
duration generated by the vibration exciter are simple half-cycle sine pulses, or similar to those of
typical walking and running foot motion. The direction of the impact force is basically parallel to
gravity as shown in Figure 1. The impact acceleration is controlled by the signal supplied from a
function generator to the vibration exciter via a power amplifier. The other impact generation setup
such as hammer testing or shock testing machine also can be used (hereafter, these testing
machines are also called vibration exciters).
4.3 Mounting fixture
The mounting fixture is used to fix the DUT so that the impact acceleration can be stably applied
from the exciter to the device.
4.4 Function generator
The function generator generates the electrical signal of half-cycle sine pulse that is the source of
the impact force waveforms.
4.5 Power amplifier
The power amplifier amplifies the electrical signal of the function generator and controls the
acceleration amplitude of the vibration exciter.
4.6 Accelerometer
The accelerometer measures the impact acceleration at the DUT.
4.7 Data recorder
Output voltage from the DUT is measured using a data recorder, which observes and records the
time-dependent output voltage.
4.8 Load resistance
Output terminals of the DUT are electrically connected to one of the following load resistances:
a) connected only to the data recorder;
b) connected to both the data recorder and the external load resistance.
5 DUT
5.1 General
The impact-driven energy harvesting device for tests uses an energy conversion effect such as
piezoelectric, electrostatic, or electromagnetic phenomenon. The device for testing shall be
mounted on the vibration exciter, where the vibrational motions generate the electric power, and
its electrical output shall be connected to a load resistance. Prior to the actual power
...