IEC 60936-1:1999

INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60936-1
First edition
1999-12
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems – Radar –
Part 1:
Shipborne radar – Performance requirements –
Methods of testing and required test results
Matériels et systèmes de navigation et de
radiocommunication maritimes – Radars –
Partie 1:
Radars de navire – Exigences de fonctionnement –
Méthodes d'essai et résultats d'essai exigés

Reference number
Numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series.
Consolidated publications
Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are

available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the
base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base

publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2.

Validity of this publication
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.
Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available
in the IEC catalogue.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken
by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list
of publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources:
• IEC web site*
• Catalogue of IEC publications
Published yearly with regular updates
(On-line catalogue)*
• IEC Bulletin
Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical
Terminology, graphical and letter symbols
For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC 60050: International
Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for
general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be
used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment.
Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols
for diagrams.
* See web site address on title page.

INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60936-1
First edition
1999-12
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems – Radar –
Part 1:
Shipborne radar – Performance requirements –
Methods of testing and required test results
Matériels et systèmes de navigation et de
radiocommunication maritimes – Radars –
Partie 1:
Radars de navire – Exigences de fonctionnement –
Méthodes d'essai et résultats d'essai exigés

 IEC 1999  Copyright - all rights reserved
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International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 4

Clause
1 Scope . 6

2 Normative references. 6

3 Performance requirements . 7

3.1 (A4/1) Introduction . 8
3.2 (A4/2) General . 8
3.3 (A4/3.1) Range performance. 8
3.4 (A4/3.2) Minimum range . 8
3.5 (A4/3.3) Display. 9
3.6 (A4/3.4) Range measurement . 10
3.7 (A4/3.5) Heading indication (heading line) . 10
3.8 (A4/3.6) Bearing measurement . 11
3.9 (A4/3.7) Discrimination . 12
3.10 (A4/3.8) Roll or pitch. 12
3.11 (A4/3.9) Antenna scan . 12
3.12 (A4/3.10) Azimuth stabilisation . 12
3.13 (A4/3.11) Performance monitoring . 13
3.14 (A4/3.12) Anti-clutter devices. 13
3.15 (A4/3.13) Operation . 13
3.16 (A4/3.14) Operation with radar beacons and SARTs . 14
3.17 (A4/3.15) Display modes. 14
3.18 (A4/3.16) Interference from magnetic fields . 15
3.19 (A4/3.17) Radar installation . 15
3.20 (A4/3.18) Failure warnings (alarms) and status indications . 15
3.21 (A4/4) Multiple radar installations . 16
3.22 (A4/5) Interface. 16
3.23 (A4/6) Navigational information. 16
3.24 (A4/7) Plotting . 17
3.25 Standard names – abbreviations and symbols . 17

3.26 (A4/8) Ergonomics . 17
3.27 Safety precautions . 18
4 Methods of testing and required test results. 18
4.1 General conditions of measurement and definitions . 19
4.2 Power supply, cabling distances and technical information . 20
4.3 (3.3) Range performance . 20
4.4 (3.4)  Minimum range. 21
4.5 (3.5) Display . 21
4.6 (3.6) Range measurement . 22
4.7 (3.7) Heading indicator (heading line) . 22
4.8 (3.8) Bearing measurement . 22
4.9 (3.9) Discrimination . 23

60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 3 –
Clause Page
4.10 (3.10) Roll and pitch performance. 25

4.11 (3.11) Antenna scan . 25

4.12 (3.12) Azimuth stabilisation. 26

4.13 (3.13.1) Performance monitor check . 26

4.14 (3.14) Anti-clutter devices . 27

4.15 (3.15) Operation . 27

4.16 (3.16) Operation with radar beacons and SARTs . 28

4.17 (3.17) Display modes . 28

4.18 (3.18) Interference from external magnetic fields . 28
4.19 (3.19) Radar installation . 29
4.20 (3.20) Failure warnings (alarms) and status indications . 29
4.21 (3.21) Multiple radar installations . 29
4.22 (3.22) Interface . 29
4.23 (3.23) Navigational information . 30
4.24 (3.24) Plotting . 30
4.25 (3.25) Standard names - abbreviations and symbols. 30
4.26 (3.26) Ergonomics . 31
4.27 (3.27) Safety precautions. 31
4.28 (3) Spurious emissions . 31
4.29 (3.9.3) Antenna horizontal radiation pattern . 31
Annex A (normative) Method for relating the radar cross-section (echoing area)
of one radar target with another . 33
Annex B (normative) Standard names, abbreviations and symbols for control functions
on marine navigational radar equipment . 38
Annex C (normative) Guidelines for the display of navigational information
on radar by means of radar maps . 50
Annex D (normative) Measurement methods for spurious emissions . 58
Annex E (informative) Performance checks during environmental testing. 59

– 4 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

AND SYSTEMS – RADAR –
Part 1: Shipborne radar – Performance requirements –

Methods of testing and required test results

FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60936-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 80:
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems.
The IEC 60936 series, of which this is part 1, replaces IEC 60936 published in 1988, in order
to reflect the new requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This part of
the series contains some of the IMO specific requirements.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting
80/235/FDIS 80/249/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Annexes A, B, C and D form an integral part of this standard.
Annex E is for information only.

60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 5 –
A bilingual version of this standard may be published at a later date.

The committee has decided that this publication remains valid until 2003.

At this date, in accordance with the committee’s decision, the publication will be

reconfirmed;
withdrawn;
replaced by a revised edition, or

amended.
NOTE Annex C.5.2.2 of this standard contains symbols for the display of AIS-targets. Due to the fact that AIS is a
new navigation system, the process of the evaluation of different proposals for the presentation of AIS information
on the bridge is still ongoing. A final decision about AIS presentation can only be drawn after functional and
operational evaluation of related research projects. In this respect the symbols for AIS targets given in Annex
C.5.2.2 No. 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 are provisional and subject of future decision.

– 6 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

AND SYSTEMS – RADAR –
Part 1: Shipborne radar – Performance requirements –

Methods of testing and required test results

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the minimum performance requirements, methods of
testing and required test results for conformance to performance standards not inferior to
those required by IMO resolution MSC.64 (67), Annex 4. In addition, it takes account of IMO
resolution A.694 and is associated with IEC 60945. When a requirement of this standard is
different from that of IEC 60945, the requirement in this standard shall take precedence.
This standard does not include the optional performance requirements for superimposition of
selected parts of SENC information. These are specified in IEC 60936-3.
All text in this standard whose wording is identical to that in IMO resolution MSC.64 (67),
Annex 4 is printed in italics, and the resolution (abbreviated to – A4) and paragraph numbers
are indicated in brackets, for example (A4/3.3).
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60936. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 60936 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative documents referred to applies. Members of ISO
and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60872-1:1998, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Radar plotting – Part 1: Automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA) – Methods of testing and
required test results
IEC 60872-2:1999, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Radar plotting – Part 2: Automatic tracking aids (ATA) – Methods of testing and required test

results
IEC 60872-3, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Radar
1)
plotting – Part 3: Electronic plotting aid (EPA)
IEC 60936-3, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Radar –
1)
Part 3: Shipborne radar with chart facilities – Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 60945:1996, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
General requirements – Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 61023:1999, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Marine speed and distance measuring equipment (SDME). Performance requirements –
Methods of testing and required test results
________
1)
To be published.
60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 7 –
IEC 61162 (all parts), Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
Digital interfaces
IEC 61174:1998, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –

Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) – Operational and performance

requirements, methods of testing and required test results

IEC 61209:1999, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –

Integrated bridge systems (IBS) – Operational and performance requirements, methods of
testing and required test results

IEC 61996, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Shipborne

voyage data recorder (VDR) – Performance requirements – Methods of testing and required
1)
test results
ISO 9000 (all parts), Quality management and quality assurance standards
IMO A.477:1981, Performance standards for radar equipment
IMO A.694:1991, General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of the
Global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigational aids
IMO A.823:1995, Performance standards for automatic radar plotting aids
IMO A.824:1995, Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
IMO A.861:1997, Performance standards for shipborne voyage data recorders (VDRs)
IMO MSC.64 (67):1996, Annex 4 – Recommendation on performance standards for radar
equipment
IMO MSC SN/Circular 197:1997, Operation of marine radar for SART detection
IMO:1997, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Consolidated
edition
ITU:1997, Radio Regulations
ITU-R M.628-3:1994, Technical characteristics for search and rescue radar transponders
ITU-R M.824-2:1995, Technical parameters of radar beacons (RACONS)
ITU-R M.1177-1:1997, Techniques for measurement of spurious emissions of radar systems
IHO S-52 appendix 2:1997, Colour and symbol specifications for ECDIS

3 Performance requirements
The radio frequency of operation of the equipment shall at all times be within the limits
defined in the ITU Radio Regulations.
At the World Radio Conference in 1997, the ITU modified Appendix S3 of the Radio
Regulations to include maximum permitted spurious emission power levels for
radiodetermination services. This Appendix S3 references ITU-R M.1177, a recommendation
on measurement methods for spurious emissions of radar systems, as guidance for the
measurement of the required levels.
________
1)
To be published.
– 8 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
ITU-R M.1177 has been used as the basis for the development of annex D, which presents a
detailed method of measurement for spurious emissions of shipborne radar systems.

3.1 (A4/1) Introduction
In addition to the general requirements contained in resolution A.694, all radar installations

shall comply with the following minimum requirements.

3.2 (A4/2) General
3.2.1 The radar equipment shall provide an indication, in relation to the ship, of the position

of other surface craft and obstructions, and of buoys, shorelines and navigational marks, in a
manner that will assist in navigation and in avoiding collision.
3.2.2 Quality assurance
The radar shall be designed, produced and documented by companies complying with
the ISO 9000 series standards as applicable.
3.3 (A4/3.1) Range performance
The operational requirement under normal propagation conditions, when the radar antenna is
mounted at a height of 15 m above sea level, is that the equipment shall in the absence of
clutter give a clear indication of:
3.3.1 (A4/3.1.1) Coastlines
At 20 nautical miles when the ground rises to 60 m.
At 7 nautical miles when the ground rises to 6 m.
3.3.2 (A4/3.1.2) Surface objects
At 7 nautical miles a ship of 5 000 GT, whatever her aspect.
At 3 nautical miles a small vessel of 10 m in length.
At 2 nautical miles an object such as a navigational buoy with a radar reflector height of 3,5 m
having an effective echoing area of approximately 10 m .
3.4 (A4/3.2) Minimum range
The surface objects specified in 3.3.2 shall be clearly displayed from a minimum horizontal
range of 50 m from the antenna position up to a range of 1 nautical mile, without changing the
setting of controls other than the range selector.
The minimum range is the shortest distance at which, using a mandatory range scale of not
more than 1,5 nautical miles, a stationary target ahead is still presented separately from the
point representing the antenna position.

60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 9 –
3.5 (A4/3.3) Display
3.5.1 (A4/3.3.1) The equipment shall provide, without external magnification, a daylight

display with a minimum effective diameter within the bearing scale of not less than:

3.5.1.1 (A4/3.3.1.1) 180 mm on ships of 150 GT and more but less than 1 000 GT;

3.5.1.2 (A4/3.3.1.2) 250 mm on ships of 1 000 GT and more but less than 10 000 GT;

3.5.1.3 (A4/3.3.1.3) 340 mm on ships of 10 000 GT and upwards.

3.5.2 (A4/3.3.2) The equipment shall provide the following set of range scales of display:
0,25, 0,5, 0,75, 1,5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 nautical miles.
3.5.3 (A4/3.3.3) Additional larger and smaller range scales may be provided. These
additional range scales shall be either smaller than 0,25 nautical miles or greater than 24
nautical miles.
3.5.4 (A4/3.3.4) The range scale displayed and the distance between range rings shall be
clearly indicated at all times.
3.5.5 (A4/3.3.5) Within the effective display radar video area, the display shall only contain
information which pertains to the use of the radar display for navigation or collision avoidance
and which has to be displayed there because of its association with a target (e.g. target
identifiers, vectors) or because of some other direct relationship with the radar display.
3.5.6 (A4/3.3.6) The origin of the range scale (radar video) shall start at own ship, be linear
and shall not be delayed.
3.5.6.1 Facilities may be provided to adjust the displayed radar origin to compensate for
antenna offsets (e.g. to the conning position). If used, a clear indication shall be permanently
displayed on the screen.
3.5.7 (A4/3.3.7) Multi-colour displays are permitted but the following requirements shall be met:
3.5.7.1 (A4/3.3.7.1) Target echoes shall be displayed by means of the same basic colours
and the echo strength shall not be displayed in different colours.
3.5.7.2 (A4/3.3.7.2) Additional information may be shown in different colours.

3.5.7.3 Day and night colours shall be provided.
3.5.8 (A4/3.3.8) The radar picture and information shall be readable under all ambient light
conditions. There shall be a means of adjusting monitor brilliance. If a light shield is
necessary to facilitate operation of the display in high ambient light levels, then means shall
be provided for its ready attachment and removal.
3.5.9 (A4/3.3.9, 3.3.10) Radar with "chart" facilities
These IMO requirements address options that are not mandatory. They are included in
IEC 60936-3.
– 10 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
3.5.10 (A4/3.3.11) Frequency band

The frequency band in use shall be indicated to the operator as X-band or S-band, as
applicable.
3.6 (A4/3.4) Range measurement

3.6.1 (A4/3.4.1) Electronic fixed range rings equally spaced from the origin shall be

provided for range measurements as follows:

3.6.1.1 (A4/3.4.1.1) on the range scale 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 nautical miles at least two and not

more than six range rings shall be provided; on each of the other mandatory range scales six
range rings shall be provided; and
3.6.1.2 (A4/3.4.1.2) where off-centred facilities have been provided, additional range rings
shall be provided at the same range intervals on the mandatory range scales indicated in 3.5.2.
3.6.1.3 Any number of range rings is allowed on the optional additional range scales.
3.6.2 (A4/3.4.2) An electronic variable range marker (VRM) in the form of a ring shall be
provided with a numeric readout of range. This readout shall not display any other data.
Temporary overlaying of the data fields is permitted. For ranges of less than 1 nautical mile,
there shall be only one zero before the decimal point. Additional variable range markers
meeting the same requirements may be provided, in which case separate identifiable read-
outs shall be provided.
3.6.3 (A4/3.4.3) The fixed range rings and the variable range markers shall enable the
range of an object to be measured with an error not exceeding 1 % of the maximum range of
the scale in use, or 30 m, whichever is greater.
3.6.4 (A4/3.4.4) The accuracy of range rings and range markers shall be maintained when
the display is off-centred.
3.6.5 (A4/3.4.5) The thickness of the fixed range rings shall not be greater than the
maximum permissible thickness of the heading line.
3.6.6 (A4/3.4.6) On all range scales, it shall be possible to set the variable range marker
with the required precision within 5 s in all cases. A range that is set by the user shall not
change automatically when the range scale is changed.

3.6.7 It shall be possible to vary the brilliance of the fixed range rings and the variable range
markers, and to remove them independently and completely from the display.
3.7 (A4/3.5) Heading indication (heading line)
3.7.1 (A4/3.5.1) The heading of the ship shall be indicated by a continuous line on the
display with a maximum error of not greater than ±1°. The thickness of the displayed heading
line shall not be greater than 0,5° measured at maximum range at the edge of the radar
display, when the display is centred. The heading line shall extend from the trace origin (own
ship’s position) to the edge of the display. A bearing scale shall be provided to give an
indication of the heading to within ±1° (when the display is centred).
3.7.2 (A4/3.5.2) Provision shall be made to switch off the heading indicator (heading line)
by a device which cannot be left in the "heading line off" position.

60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 11 –
3.7.3 (A4/3.5.3) A heading marker (line or mark) shall be displayed on the bearing scale.

3.8 (A4/3.6) Bearing measurement

3.8.1 (A4/3.6.1) An electronic bearing line (EBL), shall be provided with a numeric readout

of bearing to obtain within 5 s the bearing of any object whose echo appears on the display.

3.8.2 (A4/3.6.2) The EBL shall enable the bearing of a target whose echo appears at the

edge of the display to be measured with a maximum error of the radar system, excluding

sensor errors, of not greater than ±1°.

3.8.3 (A4/3.6.3) The EBL shall be displayed on the screen in such a way that it is clearly
distinguishable from the heading indicator. It shall not be thicker than the heading indicator.
3.8.4 (A4/3.6.4) It shall be possible to vary the brilliance of the EBL. This variation may be
separate or combined with the intensity of other markers. It shall be possible to remove the
EBL completely from the screen.
3.8.5 (A4/3.6.5) The rotation of the EBL shall be possible in both directions continuously or
in steps of not more than 0,2°.
3.8.6 (A4/3.6.6) The numeric readout of the bearing of the EBL shall be displayed with at
least four digits including one after the decimal point. The EBL readout shall not be used to
display any other data. Temporary overlaying of the data fields is permitted. There shall be a
positive identification of whether the bearing indicated is a relative bearing or a true bearing.
3.8.7 (A4/3.6.7) A bearing scale around the edge of the display shall be provided. Linear or
non-linear bearing scales may be provided. The radar picture shall be within this scale.
3.8.8 (A4/3.6.8) The bearing scale shall have division marks for at least each 5 degrees,
with the 5 degree and 10 degree divisions clearly distinguishable from each other. Numbers
shall clearly identify at least each 30 degree division.
3.8.9 (A4/3.6.9) It shall be possible to measure the bearing relative to the heading line in
head-up mode, and true bearings relative to North in the stabilised modes.
3.8.10 (A4/3.6.11) It shall be possible to move the position of the EBL origin away from the
own ship to any desired point on the effective display area. By a fast simple operation it shall
be possible to move the EBL origin back to own ship’s position on the screen. On the EBL, it
shall be possible to display a variable range marker.

3.8.11 Additional EBLs meeting the above requirements may be provided, in which case
separate identifiable readouts shall be provided. These may be centred on own ship or off-
centred.
3.8.12 (A4/3.6.10) A minimum of two independent lines or sets of parallel index lines shall
be provided, independent of, and clearly distinguishable from, an EBL. They shall also be
clearly distinguishable from map lines. They shall be fully adjustable independently in both
range and bearing, with accuracy defined according to 3.6.3 and 3.8.2.

– 12 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
3.9 (A4/3.7) Discrimination
3.9.1 (A4/3.7.1) Range
The equipment shall be capable of displaying as separate indications on a range scale of

1,5 nautical miles or less two small similar (10 m ) targets, in the absence of clutter at a

range of between 50 % and 100 % of the range scale and on the same bearing, separated by

not more than 40 m in range.
3.9.1.1 The discrimination shall be maintained when the display is off-centred.

3.9.2 (A4/3.7.2) Bearing
The equipment shall be capable of displaying as separate indications two small similar
(10 m ) targets both situated at the same range between 50 % and 100 % of the 1,5 nautical
mile range scale, and separated by not more than 2,5° in bearing.
3.9.3 Side-lobes
The picture quality shall not be adversely affected by side-lobes.
3.10 (A4/3.8) Roll or pitch
The performance of the equipment shall be such that when the ship is rolling or pitching up to
±10 degrees, the range performance requirements of 3.3 and 3.4 continue to be met.
3.11 (A4/3.9) Antenna scan
The scan shall be clockwise, continuous and automatic through 360 degrees of azimuth. The
antenna rotation rate shall be not less than 20 rpm. The equipment shall start and operate
satisfactorily in relative wind speeds of up to 100 knots. Alternative methods of scanning are
permitted provided that the performance is not inferior.
To suppress unwanted indirect reflected echoes in blind arcs, sector blanking of the
transmission may be used. The sector blanking shall be clearly indicated on the display.
3.12 (A4/3.10) Azimuth stabilisation
3.12.1 (A4/3.10.1) Means shall be provided to enable the display to be stabilised in
azimuth by a gyrocompass, or its equivalent in performance. The accuracy of alignment
with the compass transmission shall be within 0,5 degrees with a compass rotation rate

of 2 rpm (12°/s).
3.12.2 (A4/3.10.2) The equipment shall operate satisfactorily in the head-up unstabilised
mode when the azimuth stabilisation is inoperative. An alarm shall be given within 5 s of this
failure.
3.12.2.1 The display shall revert to head-up mode after approximately 1 min of azimuth
stabilisation becoming inoperative.
3.12.2.2 Any functional limitations shall be explained in the documentation.
3.12.3 Head-up (unstabilised) and North-up (stabilised) display modes shall be provided.
Additionally, a course-up (stabilised) display mode may be provided, in which case the
bearing scale shall be true and referenced to the course when the mode is selected.

60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 13 –
3.12.3.1 There shall be a positive indication of the display mode in use.

3.12.4 (A4/3.10.3) The changeover from one display mode to the other shall be possible
within 5 s and shall achieve the required bearing accuracy.

3.13 (A4/3.11) Performance monitoring

3.13.1 (A4/3.11) Means shall be available, while the equipment is used operationally, to

determine readily a significant drop in system performance relative to a calibration standard

established at the time of installation. A significant drop in performance shall be an overall

reduction of 10 dB or more.
3.13.2 (A4/3.11) Separate means shall be provided to check that the equipment is correctly
tuned in the absence of targets.
3.14 (A4/3.12) Anti-clutter devices
3.14.1 (A4/3.12.1) Suitable means shall be provided for the suppression of unwanted
echoes from sea clutter, rain and other forms of precipitation, clouds and sandstorms and
from other radars. It shall be possible to adjust manually and continuously the anti-clutter
controls. In addition, automatic anti-clutter controls may be provided; however, they shall be
capable of being switched off.
3.14.2 Adjustment of anti-clutter controls in small discrete steps shall be regarded as
continuous adjustment.
Additionally, adjustment by controls which operate by other than circular movement are
acceptable on condition that:
a) if they operate by linear movement, they shall be inoperative in the fully left or down
position; or
b) if they operate by a pair of push buttons, operation of the left or lower button shall render
the device inoperative.
An indication of the operative conditions of the anti-clutter control shall be provided.
3.14.3 (A4/3.12.2) The operational requirement, when the radar antenna is mounted at a
height of 15 m above sea level, is that the equipment shall, even in the presence of sea
clutter, give a clear indication of a standard reflector up to 3,5 nautical miles.
3.15 (A4/3.13) Operation
3.15.1 (A4/3.13.1) Availability
3.15.1.1 After switching on from cold, the equipment shall become ready to be fully
operational within 4 min.
3.15.1.2 A standby condition shall be provided from which the equipment can be brought to
an operational condition within 15 s.
3.15.2 (A4/3.13.2) Controls
Operational controls shall be accessible and easy to identify and use. Controls shall be
identified (see annex B) and easy to operate. (See IEC 60945).

– 14 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
The equipment shall be capable of being switched on and off and operated from the master
display control position.
It shall be possible to vary the brilliance of the fixed range rings and the variable range
markers and electronic bearing lines and to remove them independently and completely from

the display.
For radars with additional synthetic information (e.g. target identifiers, vectors, navigational

information), means shall be provided capable of removing this additional information from the

screen by dedicated controls or primary access in an associated menu.

3.16 (A4/3.14) Operation with radar beacons and SARTs
3.16.1 (A4/3.14.1) Radars shall be able to detect and display signals from radar beacons
and 9 GHz (X-band) radars shall also be able to detect and display signals from SARTs.
3.16.2 (A4/3.14.2) All radars operating in the 9 GHz band shall be capable of operating in a
horizontally polarised mode. If other polarisation modes are available there shall be a positive
indication of their use on the display.
3.16.3 (A4/3.14.3) It shall be possible to switch off those signal-processing facilities, which
might prevent a radar beacon or SART from being shown on the radar display.
3.16.4 The operator section of the documentation provided by the manufacturer shall include
instructions, based on IMO SN/Circular 197, that describe the optimum setting of the radar
controls to observe a SART.
3.17 (A4/3.15) Display modes
3.17.1 (A4/3.15.1) The equipment shall be capable of operating in both relative and true
motion. In true motion mode, when own ship reaches the offset limit, the display shall
automatically reset to the offset limit on the reciprocal heading. Manual resetting shall be
provided. The true motion mode shall be available on all range scales between 0,75 nautical
miles to 24 nautical miles.
3.17.2 (A4/3.15.2) The radar origin shall be capable of being offset to at least 50 % and not
more than 75 % of the radius of the display.
3.17.3 (A4/3.15.3) The radar shall be capable of sea and ground stabilisation. With sea or
ground stabilisation the accuracy and discrimination of the display shall be at least equivalent
to that required by this performance standard.

3.17.4 (A4/3.15.4) Speed and distance measuring equipment (SDME) providing the ship’s
speed through the water to the radar shall be capable of providing the speed in the fore and
aft direction (in the ahead direction).
3.17.5 (A4/3.15.5) The ground-stabilised input shall be two-dimensional. It may be
provided from the SDME, where a two-dimensional SDME is fitted, from an electronic
position-fixing system, or from radar tracked stationary targets. The speed accuracy shall be
in accordance with the requirements of A.824 and IEC 61023.
3.17.6 (A4/3.15.6) The speed (3.17.4, 3.17.5 or 3.17.7), type of input (3.17.5) and
stabilisation (3.17.3) in use shall be displayed. For compatibility purposes, data used and
displayed shall be matching combinations of: SOG/COG or HDG/SPD in the ahead direction.

60936-1  IEC:1999(E) – 15 –
3.17.7 (A4/3.15.7) It shall also be possible to input the ship's speed manually from 0 (zero)
knots to 30 knots in steps of not more than 0,2 knots.

3.17.8 (A4/3.15.8) Provision shall be made for manual input of set and drift. An indication
that this provision is applied shall be given. The values shall be accessible.

3.18 (A4/3.16) Interference from magnetic fields

After installation and adjustment on board, the bearing accuracy as prescribed in this

performance standard shall be maintained without further adjustment, irrespective of the

movement of the ship in the earth's magnetic field. The effect of external magnetic fields shall

be sufficiently restricted to ensure that performance is not affected. Effective means shall be
provided for the operator to degauss or to employ an equivalent technique, where applicable,
to reduce the observable effect of external magnetic fields.
3.19 (A4/3.17) Radar installation
The radar installation, including the antenna, shall be in such a manner that the performance
of the radar system is not substantially impaired. Guidance on installation shall be given in the
manufacturer’s documentation.
3.20 (A4/3.18) Failure warnings (alarms) and status indications
3.20.1 If there is any detectable reason why the information presented to the operator is
invalid, an adequate and clear alarm (warning) shall be given to the operator. As a minimum,
clear alarms shall be given to the operator, indicating input failure of:
a) azimuth;
b) heading line;
c) trigger;
d) compass;
e) SDME;
f) electronic position-fixing system (EPFS); or invalid;
g) radar video.
Picture freeze-up (screen data not refreshed) shall not occur when any of the seven events in
3.20.1 occur or when any other additional input to the radar system fails.
3.20.2 A fault which prevents the update of a radar picture shall clear the radar display area,
and an appropriate alarm shall be given.

3.20.3 Functions and data that depend on a failed sensor or signal shall be indicated or
inhibited.
3.20.4 If the radar is installed as part of an integrated system (see IEC 61209), containing a
1)
centralised alarm capability, suitable interfaces (see IEC 61162), if not internal, shall be
provided so that the audio alarm can be suppressed remotely whilst the visual indication
remains on the radar (see also 3.22.2).
3.20.5 Failure alarms shall be displayed in the order of occurrence. The acknowledgement
shall only acknowledge each alarm in order.
________
1)
Output: Radar status (Operational/failed) IEC 61162 – ALR.
Input: Suppress local ‘audible’ alarm for radar status only IEC 61162 – ACK.

– 16 – 60936-1  IEC:1999(E)
3.21 (A4/4) Multiple radar installations

3.21.1 (A4/4.1) Where two radars are required to be carried they shall be so installed that

each radar can be operated individually and both can be operated simultaneously without

being dependent upon one another. There shall be an indication of the radar and frequency

band selected.
3.21.2 (A4/4.1) When an emergency source of electrical power is provided in accordance

with the appropriate requirements of chapter II-1 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, both radars

shall be capable of being operated from this source.

3.21.3 (A4/4.2) Where two radars, or more, are fitted, inter-switching facilities may be
provided to improve the flexibility and availability of the overall radar installation.
3.21.4 (A4/4.2) They shall be so installed that failure of either radar will not cause the other
radar to be adversely affected.
3.22 (A4/5) Interface
3.22.1 (A4/5.1) The radar system shall be capable of receiving information from equipment
such as gyrocompass, speed and distance measurement equipment (SDME) and electronic
position-fixing systems (EPFS) in accordance with international standards (see IEC 61162).
The source of received information shall be capable of being displayed. Additional other
suitable interfaces are permitted.
3.22.2 (A4/5.2) The radar shall provide an indication when any input from an external
sensor is absent or invalid. The radar shall also repeat any alarms or status messages
concerning the quality of the input data from its external sensors.
3.22.3 (A4/5.3) If any radar serial outputs are provided they shall be in accordance with
international standards (see IEC 61162).
3.22.4 If no suitable IEC 61162 interface is available, another appropriate interface may be
used.
3.22.5 The equipment shall be capable of providing a de
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